含多组雁列构造试样的特征位移场与声发射的关系——应变空区的实验与理论探讨
|
摘要
针对唐山等大地震前出现的“形变空区”现象,依据实验和理论对应变空区进行了探讨. 实验过程中采用焦散线法、实时全息干涉计量方法(激光)图像摄影记录,同时进行微破裂(声发射)记录.依据固体损伤理论,结合微破裂定位对应变空区进行研究,得出两点结论:①应变空区在线弹性情况下出现是一种必然现象,且应变空区的位置相对稳定,与裂纹端部的应力集中相对应;②应变空区内几乎不发生微破裂.微破裂总是从高应力区产生,且几乎就发生在应力集中区与应变空区相联的条带内,最终表现为微破裂(声发射)的带状或成丛分布.主破裂总是从应变核(焦散阴影区)开始,然后向应变空区急剧发展,形成主大破裂,最终导致试样崩溃.
Based on the phenomena, which the deformation gap was observed before the Tangshan Great Earthquake, this paper discusses the strain gap on test and theory. The (strain) patterns were recorded photographically by real-time holographic interferometry and shadow optical method of caustics, as soon as the loading process had been started. In the meantime, the AE (acoustic emission) signals were recorded by a microcrack information storage-analysis system. According to damage theory and location of microfracture, we have studied the stain gap and gained: ①it is necessary that strain gap appears under the condition of linear elasticity theory, and its situation is relatively stable, corresponding to stress concentration. ②Microfractures, which appear initially at area of high stress, occur rarely at the strain gap, and their locations are finally in the zone between the stress concentration area and the strain gap, which indicate the clusters or groups. However, the major macro fracture (final rupture) started from the shadow areas, and then grew quickly towards the strain gaps, which resulted in failure of sample.
Based on the phenomena, which the deformation gap was observed before the Tangshan Great Earthquake, this paper discusses the strain gap on test and theory. The (strain) patterns were recorded photographically by real-time holographic interferometry and shadow optical method of caustics, as soon as the loading process had been started. In the meantime, the AE (acoustic emission) signals were recorded by a microcrack information storage-analysis system. According to damage theory and location of microfracture, we have studied the stain gap and gained: ①it is necessary that strain gap appears under the condition of linear elasticity theory, and its situation is relatively stable, corresponding to stress concentration. ②Microfractures, which appear initially at area of high stress, occur rarely at the strain gap, and their locations are finally in the zone between the stress concentration area and the strain gap, which indicate the clusters or groups. However, the major macro fracture (final rupture) started from the shadow areas, and then grew quickly towards the strain gaps, which resulted in failure of sample.
引文
胡毅力,许昭永,王彬,等.1997.含硬包体试样破裂孕育过程中的应变特征[J].地震,17(2):162～168
李世愚,滕春凯,卢振业,等.2000a.地震破裂的集结及前兆意义[J].地震学报,22(2):201～209
李世愚,滕春凯,卢振业,等.2000b.典型构造微破裂集结的实验研究[J].地震学报,22(3):278～287
李世愚,尹祥础,李红,等.1989.闭合裂纹面相互作用过程中的多点破裂现象及其分析[J].地球物理学报,32(增刊1):174～182
梅世蓉.1995.地震前兆物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(一)——坚固体孕震模式的由来与证据[J].地震学报,17(3):273～282
梅世蓉.1996a.地震前兆物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(二)——强震孕育时应力、应变场的演化与地震活动、地震前兆的关系[J].地震学报,18(1):1～10
梅世蓉.1996b.地震前兆物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(三)——强震孕育时地震活动与地壳形变场异常及机制[J].地震学报,18(2):170～178
吴家龙.1993.弹性力学(新一版)[M].上海:同济大学出版社,69～81
许昭永,舒燕华,包一峰.1989.单轴压缩下填充物胶灌切口岩样的破裂性质[J].地球物理学报,32(增刊1):269～274
许昭永,梅世蓉,庄灿涛,等.1992.真三轴压缩时几种岩样微破裂定位的初步结果[J].地震学报,14(增刊):702～709
许昭永,王彬,赵晋明,等.1997.含硬包体试样微破裂图象演变过程的实验研究[J].地震学报,19(3):317～332
许昭永,杨润海,赵晋明,等.2002.Y形块体交界处多点大破裂的模拟实验研究[J].地球物理学报,待发表
熊秉衡,王正荣,张永安,等.1996a.可获得高反衬度干涉条纹的实时全息记录方法[J].光子学报,25(8):705～712
熊秉衡,佘灿麟,王正荣,等.1996b.利用压电移相器判别物体形变方向[J].光子学报,25(8):713～718
熊秉衡,王正荣,张永安,等.1997.制作具有预期位相调制度的卤化银乳胶位相型薄全息光栅的研究[J].光学学报,17(8):1021～1027
熊秉衡,王正荣,张永安,等.1999.同时获得高亮度检测光场和高衬比度干涉条纹的实时全息记录方法[J].光学学报,19(5):604～608
熊秉衡,王正荣,吕晓旭,等.2002.一种新型的实验地震学光测系统[J].中国激光,29(4):376～380
杨润海,许昭永,赵晋明,等.1998.微破裂成核过程和应力(场)关系的实验研究[J].地震研究,21(2):128～133
周硕愚,吴云,王若柏,等.1994.地震蕴育过程中地壳形变场图象动力学参量的研究[J].地震学报,16(3):336～340
尹祥础.1985.固体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,419～501
尹祥础,李世愚,李红,等.1991.脆性材料中非穿透裂纹扩展的研究[A].见:中国力学学会编.第17届国际理论与应用力学大会中国学者论文集[C].北京:北京大学出版社,156～164
KalthoffJ F.1987.Show optical method of acoustics[A].In:KobayashiA S ed.Handbook ofExperimentalMechanics[C].NewJersey:Prentice-HallInc,EnglewoodCliffs,430～500
KuksenkoV S.1995.Model for the transition from micro-to macrofracture[A].In:Rossmanith ed.Mechanics ofJointedRock[C].Proceedings of theSecondInternationalConference on theMechanics ofJointed andFaultedRock-MJFR-2Vienna/Austria/10～14April1995
XuZhaoyong,YangRunhai,ZhaoJinming, et al.2000.Experimental study of seismic short-imminent precursory mechanism by new methods and technique[A].The2ndAPEC Cooperation forEarthquakeSimulationWorkshop,Tokyo,JapanOct15～21/2000
XuZhaoyong,YangRunhai,ZhaoJinming, et al.2002.Experimental study of the process zone, nucleation zone and plastic area of earthquakes by the shadow optical method of caustics[J].PureApplGeophys,159:1951～1966
ZhurkovS N.1957.Kinetic concept of the strength of solids[J].VistnikAkadSci,11:78～87
ZhurkovS N.1965.Kinetic concept of the strength of solids[J].IntJ FractureMech,1:311～323
李世愚,滕春凯,卢振业,等.2000a.地震破裂的集结及前兆意义[J].地震学报,22(2):201～209
李世愚,滕春凯,卢振业,等.2000b.典型构造微破裂集结的实验研究[J].地震学报,22(3):278～287
李世愚,尹祥础,李红,等.1989.闭合裂纹面相互作用过程中的多点破裂现象及其分析[J].地球物理学报,32(增刊1):174～182
梅世蓉.1995.地震前兆物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(一)——坚固体孕震模式的由来与证据[J].地震学报,17(3):273～282
梅世蓉.1996a.地震前兆物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(二)——强震孕育时应力、应变场的演化与地震活动、地震前兆的关系[J].地震学报,18(1):1～10
梅世蓉.1996b.地震前兆物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(三)——强震孕育时地震活动与地壳形变场异常及机制[J].地震学报,18(2):170～178
吴家龙.1993.弹性力学(新一版)[M].上海:同济大学出版社,69～81
许昭永,舒燕华,包一峰.1989.单轴压缩下填充物胶灌切口岩样的破裂性质[J].地球物理学报,32(增刊1):269～274
许昭永,梅世蓉,庄灿涛,等.1992.真三轴压缩时几种岩样微破裂定位的初步结果[J].地震学报,14(增刊):702～709
许昭永,王彬,赵晋明,等.1997.含硬包体试样微破裂图象演变过程的实验研究[J].地震学报,19(3):317～332
许昭永,杨润海,赵晋明,等.2002.Y形块体交界处多点大破裂的模拟实验研究[J].地球物理学报,待发表
熊秉衡,王正荣,张永安,等.1996a.可获得高反衬度干涉条纹的实时全息记录方法[J].光子学报,25(8):705～712
熊秉衡,佘灿麟,王正荣,等.1996b.利用压电移相器判别物体形变方向[J].光子学报,25(8):713～718
熊秉衡,王正荣,张永安,等.1997.制作具有预期位相调制度的卤化银乳胶位相型薄全息光栅的研究[J].光学学报,17(8):1021～1027
熊秉衡,王正荣,张永安,等.1999.同时获得高亮度检测光场和高衬比度干涉条纹的实时全息记录方法[J].光学学报,19(5):604～608
熊秉衡,王正荣,吕晓旭,等.2002.一种新型的实验地震学光测系统[J].中国激光,29(4):376～380
杨润海,许昭永,赵晋明,等.1998.微破裂成核过程和应力(场)关系的实验研究[J].地震研究,21(2):128～133
周硕愚,吴云,王若柏,等.1994.地震蕴育过程中地壳形变场图象动力学参量的研究[J].地震学报,16(3):336～340
尹祥础.1985.固体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,419～501
尹祥础,李世愚,李红,等.1991.脆性材料中非穿透裂纹扩展的研究[A].见:中国力学学会编.第17届国际理论与应用力学大会中国学者论文集[C].北京:北京大学出版社,156～164
KalthoffJ F.1987.Show optical method of acoustics[A].In:KobayashiA S ed.Handbook ofExperimentalMechanics[C].NewJersey:Prentice-HallInc,EnglewoodCliffs,430～500
KuksenkoV S.1995.Model for the transition from micro-to macrofracture[A].In:Rossmanith ed.Mechanics ofJointedRock[C].Proceedings of theSecondInternationalConference on theMechanics ofJointed andFaultedRock-MJFR-2Vienna/Austria/10～14April1995
XuZhaoyong,YangRunhai,ZhaoJinming, et al.2000.Experimental study of seismic short-imminent precursory mechanism by new methods and technique[A].The2ndAPEC Cooperation forEarthquakeSimulationWorkshop,Tokyo,JapanOct15～21/2000
XuZhaoyong,YangRunhai,ZhaoJinming, et al.2002.Experimental study of the process zone, nucleation zone and plastic area of earthquakes by the shadow optical method of caustics[J].PureApplGeophys,159:1951～1966
ZhurkovS N.1957.Kinetic concept of the strength of solids[J].VistnikAkadSci,11:78～87
ZhurkovS N.1965.Kinetic concept of the strength of solids[J].IntJ FractureMech,1:311～323
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心