塔中地区深部流体活动及其对油气成藏的热作用
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摘要
利用塔中地区钻井岩心、分析化验、地震等资料,系统地分析了深部流体活动机制及其对油气成藏的热作用。通过奥陶系岩石热液矿化蚀变、古地温异常及CO2无机成因气与储层包裹体测温等研究后认为:深部流体通过地震、火山或其它各种通道,如断裂、不整合面等向浅部运移;深部流体提高生烃量及生烃速率,而且降低烃源岩中残余有机质含量,影响有效烃源岩评价;深部流体对油气储层的影响,既有热液方解石充填的破坏性,又有热液溶蚀、热液次生矿物带的建设性;深部流体在向上运移的过程中形成异常高压,为油气二次运移提供动力。深部流体对天然气形成的热作用、储层改造与成藏动力学方面,不仅在能量上,而且在物质上都对油气藏的形成和演化起到重要影响,并使塔中地区奥陶系油气成因更加复杂化。
Based on data from drilling core,analysis assay and seismic data of the Central Tarim area,the authors deal systematically with the activities and mechanism of the deep fluid as well as its thermal effect on hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on the study for hydrothermal mineralization and alteration of Ordovician rock,paleo-thermal anomaly,inorganic CO_2 gas reservoir,inclusion temperature measurement and so on,the following conclusions are arrived: throught seismic,volcano or other variable channels such as fault,unconformity and so on,the deep fluid migrated upwards.Such fluid could improve not only the hydrocarbon-generation quantity and rate,but also lower the residual organic content in source rock and affects the hydrocarbon source rock evaluation.Deep fluid both has the destructive role of hydrothermal calcite filling and the constructive role of hydrothermal corrosion and hydrothermal secondary minerals for the gas reservoir.During the process of upward migration,abnormal high pressure caused by the deep hot fluid provides power for the secondary oil migration.For the thermal effect of gas formation,reservoir reconstruction and hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics,the deep fluid both has more important influence on the formation and evolution of the old reservoir in light of energy and material aspects,and make the origin of the hydrocarbon more complicated in Ordovician strata of the Central Tarim area.
Based on data from drilling core,analysis assay and seismic data of the Central Tarim area,the authors deal systematically with the activities and mechanism of the deep fluid as well as its thermal effect on hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on the study for hydrothermal mineralization and alteration of Ordovician rock,paleo-thermal anomaly,inorganic CO_2 gas reservoir,inclusion temperature measurement and so on,the following conclusions are arrived: throught seismic,volcano or other variable channels such as fault,unconformity and so on,the deep fluid migrated upwards.Such fluid could improve not only the hydrocarbon-generation quantity and rate,but also lower the residual organic content in source rock and affects the hydrocarbon source rock evaluation.Deep fluid both has the destructive role of hydrothermal calcite filling and the constructive role of hydrothermal corrosion and hydrothermal secondary minerals for the gas reservoir.During the process of upward migration,abnormal high pressure caused by the deep hot fluid provides power for the secondary oil migration.For the thermal effect of gas formation,reservoir reconstruction and hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics,the deep fluid both has more important influence on the formation and evolution of the old reservoir in light of energy and material aspects,and make the origin of the hydrocarbon more complicated in Ordovician strata of the Central Tarim area.
引文
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[14]旷理雄,郭建华,黄太柱.塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起于奇地区哈拉哈塘组油气成藏机制[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(2):249-254.KUANG Li-xiong,GUO Jian-hua,HUANG Tai-zhu.Akekule bulge Yuqi area Salahatang Grouphydrocarbon reservoir mechanism in Tarim basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2008,38(2):249-254.
[2]Huang Si-jing,Shi He,Shen Li-cheng,et al.Globalcorrelation for strontium isotope curve in the LateCretaceous of Tibet and dating marine sediments[J].Science in China:Series D,2005,48(2):199-209.
[3]金之钧,张刘平,杨雷,等.沉积盆地深部流体的地球化学特征及油气成藏效应初探[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):659-664.JIN Zhi-jun,ZHANG Liu-ping,YANG Lei,et al.Geochemical characteristics of deep fluid insedimentary basin and initial exploration hydrocarbonaccumulation effect[J].Geoscience—Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,2002,27(6):659-664.
[4]Al-Aasm I.Origin and characterization of hydro-thermal dolomite in the Western Canada sedimentarybasin[J].J Geochem Explo,2003,(78/79):9-15.
[5]George R D.Stratigraphic patterns of deep-waterdolomite,Northeast Australia[J].Journal ofSedimentary Research,1997,67(6):1083-1096.
[6]万丛礼,周瑶琪,陈勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中西部深部流体活动及其对奥陶系天然气形成的热作用[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):122-128.WAN Cong-li,ZHOU Yao-qi,CHEN Yong,et al.Deepfluid activities and gas formation thermal effect incentral and western Ordos Basin[J].Earth ScienceFrontiers,2006,13(3):122-128.
[7]贾承造.塔里木板块构造演化[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1992:137-438.JIA Cheng-zao.Plate structural evolution in Tarimbasin[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University PublishingHouse,1992:137-438.
[8]刘绍文,王良书,李成,等.塔里木盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构和新生代热体制[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):344-350.LIU Shao-wen,WANG Liang-shu,LI Cheng,et al.Lithosphere thermal-rheological structure and Cenozoicheat system in Tarim basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(3):344-350.
[9]吕修祥,杨宁,李建交,等.沉积盆地深部流体活动及油气成藏效应[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(2):29-34.L Xiu-xiang,YANG Ning,LI Jian-jiao,et al.Geochemical characteristics of deep fluid insedimentary basin and hydrocarbon accumulation effect[J].Marine Petroleum Geology,2006,11(2):29-34.
[10]王国安,申建中,季美英.塔中天然气中CO2的碳同位素组成及成因探讨[J].地质地球化学,2001,29(1):36-39.WANG Guo-an,SHEN Jian-zhong,JI Mei-ying.Carbon isotopic element component and contributingfactor research in CO2of natural gas of middle Tarim[J].Geology Geochemistry,2001,29(1):36-39.
[11]郭建军,陈践发,朱雷,等.塔里木盆地塔中天然气的地球化学特征及其成因[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(6):577-582.GUO Jian-jun,CHEN Jian-fa,ZHU Lei,et al.Geochemistry characteristic and contributing factor ofnatural gas of middle Tarim in Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Experiment Geology,2007,29(6):577-582.
[12]杨金中,沈远超,赵玉灵,等.初论深部流体与成矿作用[J].黄金科学技术,1998,6(4):1-7.YANG Jin-zhong,SHEN Yuan-chao,ZHAO Yu-ling,et al.On the beginning of deep fluid andmineralization[J].Gold Science and Technology,1998,6(4):1-7.
[13]金之钧,朱东亚,胡文?,等.塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):245-253.JIN Zhi-jun,ZHU Dong-ya,HU Wen-xuan,et al.Geological-geochemical characteristics ofhydrothermal activities and effect of reservoir inTarim basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(2):245-253.
[14]旷理雄,郭建华,黄太柱.塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起于奇地区哈拉哈塘组油气成藏机制[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(2):249-254.KUANG Li-xiong,GUO Jian-hua,HUANG Tai-zhu.Akekule bulge Yuqi area Salahatang Grouphydrocarbon reservoir mechanism in Tarim basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2008,38(2):249-254.
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