浅水三角洲沉积模式
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摘要
浅水湖盆三角洲与一般三角洲具有明显的差异,为弄清浅水三角洲的沉积特征和砂体分布规律,以现代沉积、地震属性反演和密井网区解剖,确定了两种特征截然不同的浅水湖盆三角洲,即枝状的分流河道型三角洲和连片的分流砂坝型三角洲(现代洞庭湖和鄱阳湖、尕斯N1—N21油田、BZ28和BZ26区块三维地震属性)。枝状三角洲骨架砂体发育的主体为天然堤,三角洲呈现出明显的树枝状,各朵体分散、朵体间不连接或通过决口水道连接。三角洲整体上不具备广阔的平原相带,呈现出窄条状的特征。分流砂坝型三角洲发育的主体是分流砂坝,砂呈现朵状、坨状,朵体发育集中,基本上呈现片状分布,在各朵体之间部位会发育分流间湾沉积,但常常因朵体增长而被填充,最终常表现为浅水沼泽。
Deltas in shallow water is very different from that formed in deeper water.Through modern deposits survey in Dongting and Poyong lacustrine,detailed correlation of sandstone in mature oil field(Gasi N1-N12)and seismic attributes analysis of BZ28 in Bohai Bay,two types of shallow water deltas were recognized according to the sandbody type and distibution.Sand framework is mainly made of distributary channel in the first one and the other one is mainly made of distributary bar.Sandstones are narrow and isolated in the delta mainly made of distributary channel,while sandstones are widespread and continuous in the delta made of distributary bar.
Deltas in shallow water is very different from that formed in deeper water.Through modern deposits survey in Dongting and Poyong lacustrine,detailed correlation of sandstone in mature oil field(Gasi N1-N12)and seismic attributes analysis of BZ28 in Bohai Bay,two types of shallow water deltas were recognized according to the sandbody type and distibution.Sand framework is mainly made of distributary channel in the first one and the other one is mainly made of distributary bar.Sandstones are narrow and isolated in the delta mainly made of distributary channel,while sandstones are widespread and continuous in the delta made of distributary bar.
引文
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19王生朗.一种广盆式浅水湖泊沉积特点[J].断块油气田,1998,5(1):9-12[Wang Shenglang.Characteristics of a kind of broad basin shallow lacustrine deposit[J].Fault-block Oil&Gas Field,1998,5(1):9-12]
20张金亮,戴朝强,张晓华.末端扇—在中国被忽略的一种沉积作用类型[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):170-179[Zhang Jinliang,Dai Chaoqiang,Zhang Xiaohua.Terminal fan:a type of sedimenta-tion ignored in China[J].Geological Review,2007,53(2):170-179]
21Colin P North,Gail L Warwick.Fluvial fans:myths,misconcep-tions,and the end of the terminal-fan model[J].Journal of Sedimen-tary Research,2007,77:693-701
22Cornel Olariu,Janok P Bhattacharya.Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of river-dominated delta systems[J].Jour-nal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76:212-233
23朱伟林,李建平,周心怀,等.渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):674-681[Zhu Weilin,Li Jiangping,Zhou Xinhuai,et al.Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay,China[J].Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,2008,26(4):674-681]
24Bates C C.Rational theory of delta formation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1953,37,2119-2162
25何幼斌,王文广.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:193-201[He Youbin,Wang Wenguang.Sedimentary Petrology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:193-201]
26Donaldson A C.Pennsylvanian sedimentation of central Appalachians[J].Spec.Pap.Geol.Soc.Am.,1974,148:47-48
2Galloway W E.Process framework for describing the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of deltaic depositional systems[M]∥Broussard ML,ed.Deltas:Models for Exploration:Houston Geological Society,1975:87-98
3Szczepan J PoreBski,Ronald J Steel.Deltas and sea-level change[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76:390-403
4Andrew A Kulpecz,Kenneth G Miller,Peter J Sugarman,et al.Re-sponse of Late Cretaceous migrating deltaic facies systems to sea level,tectonics,and sediment supply changes,New Jersey coastal plain,U.S.A[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2008,78:112-129
5Christopher R Fielding,Jonathon D Trueman,Jan Alexander.Hol-ocene depositional history of the burdekin river delta of northeastern Australia:a model for a low-accommodation,highstand delta[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76:411-428
6Jens Peter V Hansen,Erik S Rasmussen.Structural,sedimentologic,and sea-level controls on sand distribution in a steep-clinoform asym-metric wave-influenced delta:miocene billund sand,eastern Danish north sea and Jylland[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2008,78:130-146
7Wright D L.Sediment transport and deposition at river mouths:a syn-thesis[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1997,88:857-868
8Morisawa M.Topologic properties of delta distributary networks[M]∥Michael W J,ed.Models in Geomorphology:Winchester,Massachu-setts,Allen&Unwin,1985:239-268
9Damuth J E,Kolla V,Flood R D,et al.Distributary channel mean-dering and bifurcation patterns on the Amazon deep-sea fan as revealed by long-range sidescan sonar(GLORIA)[J].Geology,1983,11:94-98
10尹太举.再论河口区沉积模式[R].第十届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议,成都,2008[Yin Taiju.More on Sedimentary Model of Estuary[R].The10th National Paleogeography and Sedimentology Conference(Chengdu,China),2008]
11Reading HG,ed.Sedimentary Environments:Processes,Facies and Stratigraphy,Third Edition[M].Xord U K:Blackwell Science,1996
12邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,等.大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):417-528[Zou Caineng,Zhao Wenzhi,Zhang Xingyang,et al.Formation and distribution of shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large open depression lake basins[J].Acta Gologica Sinica,2008,82(6):417-528]
13姚光庆,马正,赵彦超,等.浅水三角洲分流河道砂体储层特征[J].石油学报,1995,16(1):24-31[Yao Guangqing,Ma Zheng,Zhao Yanchao,et al.Reservoir characteristics of distributary channel sand bodies of shallow water delta[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1995,16(1):24-31]
14吕晓光,李长山,蔡希源,等.松辽大型浅水湖盆三角洲沉积特征及前缘相储层结构模型[J].沉积学报,1999,17(4):572-577[Lv Xiaoguang,Li Changshan,Cai Xiyuan,et al.Depositional char-acteristics and front facies reservoir framework model in Songliao shal-low lacustrine delta[J].Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,1999,17(4):572-577]
15梅志超,林晋炎.湖泊三角洲的地层模式和骨架砂体的特征[J].沉积学报,1991,9(4):1-11[Mei Zhichao,Lin Jinyan.Strati-graphic pattern and character of skeletal sand bodies in lacustrine del-tas[J].Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,1991,9(4):1-11]
16李文厚,周立发,赵文智,等.西北地区侏罗系的三角洲沉积[J].地质论评,1998,44(1):63-70[Li Wenhou,Zhou Lifa,Zhao Wenzhi,et al.Deltaic sediments of the Jurassic in Northwestern Chi-na[J].Geological Review,1998,44(1):63-70]
17楼章华,卢庆梅,蔡希源,等.湖平面升降对浅水三角洲前缘砂体形态的影响[J].沉积学报,1998,16(4):27-31[Lou Zhang-hua,Lu Qingmei,Cai Xiyuan,et al.Influence of lake level fluctua-tion on sandbody shapes at shallow-water delta front[J].Acta Sed-mentologica Sinica,1998,16(4):27-31]
18楼章华,兰翔,卢庆梅,等.地形、气候与湖面波动对浅水三角洲沉积环境的控制作用[J].地质学报,1999,73(1):83-92[Lou Zhanghua,Lan Xiang,Lu Qingmei,et al.Controls of the topogra-phy,climate and lake level fluctuation on the depositional environ-ment of a shallow-water delta[J].Acta Geologica Sinca,1999,73(1):83-92]
19王生朗.一种广盆式浅水湖泊沉积特点[J].断块油气田,1998,5(1):9-12[Wang Shenglang.Characteristics of a kind of broad basin shallow lacustrine deposit[J].Fault-block Oil&Gas Field,1998,5(1):9-12]
20张金亮,戴朝强,张晓华.末端扇—在中国被忽略的一种沉积作用类型[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):170-179[Zhang Jinliang,Dai Chaoqiang,Zhang Xiaohua.Terminal fan:a type of sedimenta-tion ignored in China[J].Geological Review,2007,53(2):170-179]
21Colin P North,Gail L Warwick.Fluvial fans:myths,misconcep-tions,and the end of the terminal-fan model[J].Journal of Sedimen-tary Research,2007,77:693-701
22Cornel Olariu,Janok P Bhattacharya.Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of river-dominated delta systems[J].Jour-nal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76:212-233
23朱伟林,李建平,周心怀,等.渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):674-681[Zhu Weilin,Li Jiangping,Zhou Xinhuai,et al.Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay,China[J].Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,2008,26(4):674-681]
24Bates C C.Rational theory of delta formation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1953,37,2119-2162
25何幼斌,王文广.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:193-201[He Youbin,Wang Wenguang.Sedimentary Petrology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:193-201]
26Donaldson A C.Pennsylvanian sedimentation of central Appalachians[J].Spec.Pap.Geol.Soc.Am.,1974,148:47-48
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