南海北部深水区白云凹陷钻前地层压力地震预测方法
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摘要
针对南海北部深水区钻井数量少、钻遇层位浅和高质量地层速度难以获取三大突出问题,从地层压力计算模型改进和地层速度提取两个关键环节入手,首先改进趋势地层压力计算模型,提出压缩因子概念,提高地层压力计算精度;然后利用速度谱资料获取低频速度,并通过有色反演提取地震相对速度,将低频速度与相对速度合成为高质量的地震绝对速度,最终形成一套适用于南海北部深水区白云凹陷的高精度地层压力钻前地震预测方法。应用新计算模型和地震绝对速度对白云凹陷进行地层压力钻前地震预测,经实测资料验证,新方法预测精度较高,预测结果表明白云凹陷珠海组和珠江组以静水压力为主,古近系发育超压,超压体系可为深层油气向上运移提供强劲动力。
Deepwater area of northern South China Sea is featured by sparse well controls,shallow depth of drilling and difficulty of getting precise formation velocity.Considering the unique conditions in this area,this paper first improves models for pressure computation and extracts formation velocity,then discusses how to build precise computation models and how to obtain high-quality seismic absolute velocity,finally presents a method on predrill prediction of formation pressure using seismic data.A tendency prediction model for formation pressure has been improved through compressibility factor,a low frequency velocity model has been set up,and a relative velocity has been extracted by means of color inversion.Then seismic absolute velocity is acquired by compounding these two velocities.Ultimately,with the new calculation model and high-quality seismic absolute velocity,predrill prediction of formation pressure has been conducted at Baiyun depression.Testified by measured pressure,the predicted results turn out to be with high-precision.Our study shows that hydrostatic pressure develops in Zhuhai Formation and Zhujiang Formation,high amplitude overpressure develops in Paleogene at Baiyun Depression.Overpressure system would provide strong power for hydrocarbon upward migration.
Deepwater area of northern South China Sea is featured by sparse well controls,shallow depth of drilling and difficulty of getting precise formation velocity.Considering the unique conditions in this area,this paper first improves models for pressure computation and extracts formation velocity,then discusses how to build precise computation models and how to obtain high-quality seismic absolute velocity,finally presents a method on predrill prediction of formation pressure using seismic data.A tendency prediction model for formation pressure has been improved through compressibility factor,a low frequency velocity model has been set up,and a relative velocity has been extracted by means of color inversion.Then seismic absolute velocity is acquired by compounding these two velocities.Ultimately,with the new calculation model and high-quality seismic absolute velocity,predrill prediction of formation pressure has been conducted at Baiyun depression.Testified by measured pressure,the predicted results turn out to be with high-precision.Our study shows that hydrostatic pressure develops in Zhuhai Formation and Zhujiang Formation,high amplitude overpressure develops in Paleogene at Baiyun Depression.Overpressure system would provide strong power for hydrocarbon upward migration.
引文
[1]刘震等.储层地震地层学.北京:地质出版社,1997
[2]郝芳等.超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理.北京:科学出版社,2005
[3]徐兆辉,刘震,李永新等.地层压力早期预测方法在泰国湾盆地的应用.大庆石油地质与开发,2011,30(1):47～53Xu Zhaohui,Liu Zhen,Li Yongxin et al.Applicationof formation pressure early-prediction method inThailand Gulf Basin.Petroleum Geology and Oil-field Development in Daqing,2011,30(1):47～53
[4]Magara K.Compaction and migration of fluids in Mi-ocene mudstone,Nagaoka plain,Japan.AAPG Bul-letin,1968,52(12):2466～2501
[5]Eaton B A.The equation for geopressure predictionfrom well logs.SPE,1975,5544
[6]刘震,张万选等.辽西凹陷北洼下第三系异常地层压力分析.石油学报,1993,14(1):14～23Liu Zhen,Zhang Wanxuan et al.An analysis of ab-normal formation pressure of Paleogene.Acta Petro-lei Sinica,1993,14(1):14～23
[7]云美厚.地震地层压力预测.石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(4):575～586Yun Meihou.Formation pressure prediction usingseismic data.OGP,1996,31(4):575～586
[8]彭真明,肖慈珣等.地震测井联合预测地层压力的方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(2):170～174Peng Zhenming,Xiao Cixun et al.A method for for-mation pressure prediction using seismic and loggingdata.OGP,2000,35(2):170～174
[9]王兴岭,冯斌等.井约束地震压力预测在滚动勘探开发中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):391～394Wang Xingling,Feng Bin et al.Application of pre-diction by well-constrained seismic pressure in rollingexploration and development.OGP,2002,37(4):391～394
[10]Dutta N C.Geopressure prediction using seismic data:current status and the road ahead.Geophysics,2002,67(6):2012～2041
[11]Sayers C M,Johnson G M.Predrill pore-pressureprediction using seismic data.Geophysics,2002,67(4):1286～1292
[12]Huffman A R.The future of pore-pressure predictionusing geophysical methods.The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):199～205
[13]刘震,张功成等.南海北部深水区白云凹陷渐新世晚期多物源充填特征.现代地质,2010,24(5):900～909Liu Zhen,Zhang Gongcheng et al.Feature of multisediment-source filling during the late Oligocene atBaiyun Depression in the deep-water region,thenorthern South China Sea.Geoscience,2010,24(5):900～909
[14]朱伟林,张功成等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向.石油学报,2008,29(1):1～9Zhu Weilin,Zhang Gongcheng et al.Geological char-acteristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbonsin the northern continental margin basin of South Chi-na Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):1～9
[15]徐强,王英民等.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世—中新世断阶陆架坡折带沉积过程响应.沉积学报,2010,28(5):906～915Xu Qiang,Wang Yingmin et al.Sedimentary re-sponse of retreating shelf break from Oligocene to Mi-ocene,in deep water area of Baiyun Depression,South China Sea.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):906～915
[16]陈国俊,吕成福等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷储层空隙特征及影响因素.石油学报,2010,31(4):566～572Chen Guojun,Lv Chengfu et al.Characteristics ofpore evolution and its controlling factors of BaiyunSag in deepwater area of Pearl River Mouth Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):566～572
[17]连世勇,何敏,庞雄等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷始新世洼陷结构研究.石油学报,2007,28(3):13～16Lian Shiyong,He Min,Pang Xiong et al.Researchon Eocene structure of Baiyun Sag in deep-water areaof Pearl River Mouth Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):13～16
[18]Gardner G H F,Gardner L W and Gregory A R.For-mation velocity and density:the diagnostic basics forstratigraphic traps.Geophysics,1974,39(2):770～780
[19]Lancaster S,Whitcombe D.Fast-track'colored'inver-sion.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:1572～1575
[20]Blanche-Fraser G and Neep J P.Increasing seismicresolution using spectral bluing and colored inver-sion:Cannonball field,Trinidad.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1794～1797
[2]郝芳等.超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理.北京:科学出版社,2005
[3]徐兆辉,刘震,李永新等.地层压力早期预测方法在泰国湾盆地的应用.大庆石油地质与开发,2011,30(1):47～53Xu Zhaohui,Liu Zhen,Li Yongxin et al.Applicationof formation pressure early-prediction method inThailand Gulf Basin.Petroleum Geology and Oil-field Development in Daqing,2011,30(1):47～53
[4]Magara K.Compaction and migration of fluids in Mi-ocene mudstone,Nagaoka plain,Japan.AAPG Bul-letin,1968,52(12):2466～2501
[5]Eaton B A.The equation for geopressure predictionfrom well logs.SPE,1975,5544
[6]刘震,张万选等.辽西凹陷北洼下第三系异常地层压力分析.石油学报,1993,14(1):14～23Liu Zhen,Zhang Wanxuan et al.An analysis of ab-normal formation pressure of Paleogene.Acta Petro-lei Sinica,1993,14(1):14～23
[7]云美厚.地震地层压力预测.石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(4):575～586Yun Meihou.Formation pressure prediction usingseismic data.OGP,1996,31(4):575～586
[8]彭真明,肖慈珣等.地震测井联合预测地层压力的方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(2):170～174Peng Zhenming,Xiao Cixun et al.A method for for-mation pressure prediction using seismic and loggingdata.OGP,2000,35(2):170～174
[9]王兴岭,冯斌等.井约束地震压力预测在滚动勘探开发中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):391～394Wang Xingling,Feng Bin et al.Application of pre-diction by well-constrained seismic pressure in rollingexploration and development.OGP,2002,37(4):391～394
[10]Dutta N C.Geopressure prediction using seismic data:current status and the road ahead.Geophysics,2002,67(6):2012～2041
[11]Sayers C M,Johnson G M.Predrill pore-pressureprediction using seismic data.Geophysics,2002,67(4):1286～1292
[12]Huffman A R.The future of pore-pressure predictionusing geophysical methods.The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):199～205
[13]刘震,张功成等.南海北部深水区白云凹陷渐新世晚期多物源充填特征.现代地质,2010,24(5):900～909Liu Zhen,Zhang Gongcheng et al.Feature of multisediment-source filling during the late Oligocene atBaiyun Depression in the deep-water region,thenorthern South China Sea.Geoscience,2010,24(5):900～909
[14]朱伟林,张功成等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向.石油学报,2008,29(1):1～9Zhu Weilin,Zhang Gongcheng et al.Geological char-acteristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbonsin the northern continental margin basin of South Chi-na Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):1～9
[15]徐强,王英民等.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世—中新世断阶陆架坡折带沉积过程响应.沉积学报,2010,28(5):906～915Xu Qiang,Wang Yingmin et al.Sedimentary re-sponse of retreating shelf break from Oligocene to Mi-ocene,in deep water area of Baiyun Depression,South China Sea.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):906～915
[16]陈国俊,吕成福等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷储层空隙特征及影响因素.石油学报,2010,31(4):566～572Chen Guojun,Lv Chengfu et al.Characteristics ofpore evolution and its controlling factors of BaiyunSag in deepwater area of Pearl River Mouth Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):566～572
[17]连世勇,何敏,庞雄等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷始新世洼陷结构研究.石油学报,2007,28(3):13～16Lian Shiyong,He Min,Pang Xiong et al.Researchon Eocene structure of Baiyun Sag in deep-water areaof Pearl River Mouth Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):13～16
[18]Gardner G H F,Gardner L W and Gregory A R.For-mation velocity and density:the diagnostic basics forstratigraphic traps.Geophysics,1974,39(2):770～780
[19]Lancaster S,Whitcombe D.Fast-track'colored'inver-sion.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:1572～1575
[20]Blanche-Fraser G and Neep J P.Increasing seismicresolution using spectral bluing and colored inver-sion:Cannonball field,Trinidad.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1794～1797
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