龙门山多层分层拆离地壳结构:新构造变形与深部构造证据
摘要
2008年5.12汶川地震发生后,对于龙门山地壳结构及其与汶川地震的成生联系成为构造地质学研究极为关注的科学问题。然而,现有的多种龙门山地壳结构模式在综合解释表层构造变形及深部构造时与调查和探测资料均有不符。利用前人地球物理探测成果,结合穿过龙门山主要发震构造单元彭灌杂岩及雪隆包岩体的综合构造剖面,将地表构造与深部地壳探测资料结合进行了综合解释,认为龙门山逆冲构造带中的多重冲断推覆构造由约10 km深处的拆离断层分隔,因而应该只是浅层次构造变形的组合样式;在中、下地壳韧性流壳层的主导下,扬子地块基底被动?入并形成多层拆离的韧性流变构造组合。5.12汶川地震及余震是由于以彭灌杂岩和雪隆包岩体为代表的刚性体,在上部韧性流壳层前端的持续推挤作用下,发生破裂而形成的。
The crustal structure and its affinity with the occurrence of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Mountains have become the focus of attention in the field of structural geology since 2008.However,present tectonic models for interpreting crustal structure in the Longmen Mountains only focus on surface structure,or only pay attention to deep structure;and thus,they could not furnish a comprehensive understanding.This paper reports a comprehensive structural section across the Pengguan complex and Xuelongbao pluton,which are the major tectono-petrological units generating the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake,and re-interprets the geophysical data published by previous studies.We conclude that a detachment fault at a depth of ～10 km separated the in-sequence duplex imbricated thrust in the shallow tectonic level,while the rigid basement of the Yangtze Block northwestward wedged into the middle to lower crustal ductile channel,which produced multi-layer detachment crustal structure.The upper layer of the ductile channel flow pushed and ruptured the Pengguan complex and Xuelongbao pluton,which resulted in the occurrence of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake.
The crustal structure and its affinity with the occurrence of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Mountains have become the focus of attention in the field of structural geology since 2008.However,present tectonic models for interpreting crustal structure in the Longmen Mountains only focus on surface structure,or only pay attention to deep structure;and thus,they could not furnish a comprehensive understanding.This paper reports a comprehensive structural section across the Pengguan complex and Xuelongbao pluton,which are the major tectono-petrological units generating the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake,and re-interprets the geophysical data published by previous studies.We conclude that a detachment fault at a depth of ～10 km separated the in-sequence duplex imbricated thrust in the shallow tectonic level,while the rigid basement of the Yangtze Block northwestward wedged into the middle to lower crustal ductile channel,which produced multi-layer detachment crustal structure.The upper layer of the ductile channel flow pushed and ruptured the Pengguan complex and Xuelongbao pluton,which resulted in the occurrence of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake.
引文
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[22]Zhang KJ,Li B,Wei Q G,et al.Proxi mal provenance of thewestern Songpan-Ganzi turbidite complex(Late Triassic,eastern Tibetan plateau):I mplications for the tectonic amal-gamation of China[J].Sedi mentary Geology,2008,208:36-44.
[23]Zhou MF,Yan D P,Vasconcelos P M,et al.Structural andgeochronological constraints on the tectono-thermal evolutionof the Danba domal terrane,eastern margin of the Tibetanplateau[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2008,33:414-427.
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[25]Yan D P,Zhou M F,Song H.Structural style and tectonicsignificance of the Jianglang domeinthe eastern margin of theTibetan plateau,China[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25:765-779.
[26]Yan D P,Zhang B,Zhou M F,et al.Constraints on thedepth,geometry and kinematics of blind detachment faultsprovided by fault propagation folds:An example from theMesozoic fold belt of South China[J].Journal of StructuralGeology,2009,31:150-162.
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[29]Roger F,Calassous S,Lancelot J,et al.Miocene emplace-ment and deformation of the Kongashan granite(Xianshuihefault zone,west Sichuan,China):Geodynamic i mplications[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1995,130:201-216.
[30]SBGMR(Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Re-sources).Regional Geology of Sichuan Province,China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:680(in Chi-nese).
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[33]Yan D P,Zhou MF,Song H,et al.Origin and tectonic sig-nificance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system withinthe Yangtze Block(South China)[J].Tectonophysics,2003,361:239-254.
[34]Meng Q R,Zhang G W.Geologic framework and tectonic e-volution of the Qinling orogen,central China[J].Tectono-physics,2000,323:183-196.
[35]Xu J F,Zhang B R,Han Y W.Geochemistry of the Mian-Lue ophiolites in the Qinling Mountains,central China:Con-straints onthe evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt and colli-sion of the North and South China Cratons[J].Journal of A-sian Earth Sciences,2008,32:336-347.
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[37]Zhang H F,Parrish R,Zhang L,et al.A-type granite andadakitic magmatism association in Songpan-Garze fold belt,eastern Tibetan plateau:I mplication for lithospheric delami-nation[J].Lithos,2007,97:323-335.
[38]Arne D,Worley B,Wilson C,et al.Differential exhumationin response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin ofthe Tibetan plateau[J].Tectonophysics,1997,280:239-256.
[39]Meng Q R,Wang E,Hu J M.Mesozoic sedi mentary evolu-tion of the northwest Sichuan basin:I mplicationfor continuedclockwise rotation of the South China block[J].GeologicalSociety of America Bulletin,2005,117:396-410.
[40]Yong L,Allen P A,Densmore A L,et al.Evolution of theLongmen Shan foreland basin(western Sichuan,China)dur-ing the Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny[J].Basin Research,2003,15:117-138.
[41]Yan D P,Zhou MF,Wei G Q,et al.The Pengguantectonicdome of Longmen Mountains,Sichuan Province:Mesozoicdenudation of a Neoproterozoic magmatic arc-basin system[J].Science in China:Series D,2008,51:1545-1559.
[42]Zhou MF,Yan D P,Kennedy A K,et al.SHRI MP zircongeochronological and geochemical evidence for Neo-proterozo-ic arc-related magmatism along the western margin of theYangtze block,South China[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2002,196:51-67.
[43]Liu H,Yan D P,Wei G Q,et al.Deformation and metamor-phic sequence of Bikou Terrane in the northwest margin ofYangtze plate:I mplications for extension collapse and transi-tion of Songpan-Ganze orogenic belt[J].Acta Geologica Sini-ca,2008,82:464-474(in Chinese).
[44]Xu Z Q,Ji S C,Li HB,et al.Uplift of the Longmen Shanrange and the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Episodes,2008,31:291-301.
[45]Dirks P H G M,Wilson CJ L,Chen S,et al.Tectonic evo-lution of the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Evidencefromthe central Longmen mountains,Sichuan Province,Chi-na[J].Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences,1994,9:181-192.
[46]Chen S F,Wilson C J L,Worley B A.Tectonic transitionfrom the Songpan-Ganze fold belt to the Sichuan basin,south-western China[J].Basin Research,1995,7:235-253.
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