高精度地震曲率体计算技术与应用
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摘要
地震曲率分析法能根据致密脆性岩石的地震反射同相轴的弯曲程度(曲率),预测裂缝发育程度。曲率在数学上可以通过倾角与倾角的导数表示,由此利用地震数据体的二次倾角计算就可以获得地震曲率体。目前基于倾角的地震曲率体计算方法适应于连续反射面的曲率计算,但在错断与中断等不连续部位,由于在时窗内不能扫描到精确的倾角而导致曲率计算的模糊,从而降低断层两盘地段曲率的准确预测。本文提出基于直平面与曲界面相结合的二次倾角扫描方法,结合保持边缘的多窗口扫描技术,实现连续反射、错断反射两类同相轴弯曲程度的准确检测,进而实现高精度地震曲率体的计算。实际资料的检测结果表明,文中所提方法提取的曲率异常能更加准确地反映微起伏构造,精细检测与刻画断裂带细节。
Seismic curvature attribute analysis is a new method for fracture prediction based on the bend degree of seismic reflected events on the interface of compact and brittleness stratum.Curvature can be expressed in term of mathematics as dip and the derivation of dip,so seismic curvature cube can be obtained by two time derivations on original seismic cube.We put forward a new twice scan method respectively on plane and curve plane combining with multi-windows scan technology which possess the edge preservation characteristic,to obtain higher precision curvature cube.This method can extract the bend degree of seismic reflected events both continuity with little strain and discontinuity with faults.Example results of real data prove that our method shows better low relief structures from seismic reflections,and highlights details of fault edges and fractures.
Seismic curvature attribute analysis is a new method for fracture prediction based on the bend degree of seismic reflected events on the interface of compact and brittleness stratum.Curvature can be expressed in term of mathematics as dip and the derivation of dip,so seismic curvature cube can be obtained by two time derivations on original seismic cube.We put forward a new twice scan method respectively on plane and curve plane combining with multi-windows scan technology which possess the edge preservation characteristic,to obtain higher precision curvature cube.This method can extract the bend degree of seismic reflected events both continuity with little strain and discontinuity with faults.Example results of real data prove that our method shows better low relief structures from seismic reflections,and highlights details of fault edges and fractures.
引文
[1]Skirius C,Nissen S,Haskell N et al.3Dseismic at-tributes applied to carbonates.The Leading Edge,1999,18(3):384～389
[2]Luo Y,Evans M et al.Fracture density estimationsfrom amplitude data.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2001,20:277～279
[3]Lisle R J.Detection of zones of abnormal strains instructures using Gaussian curvature analysis.AAPGBulletin,1994,78(12):1811～1819
[4]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their applicationto 3Dinterpreted horizons.First Break,2001,19(2):85～100
[5]Bergbauer S,Mukerji T,Hennings P.Improving cur-vature analyses of deformed horizons using scale-de-pendent filtering techniques.AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(8):1255～1272
[6]Hart B S,Pearson R,Rawling G C.3-D seismic hori-zon-based approaches to fracture-swarm sweet spotdefinition in tight-gas reservoirs.The Leading Edge,2002,21(1):28～35
[7]朱平.刚性板体形变曲率法在研究岩石张性裂缝中的应用.油气地质与采收率,2001,8(6):59～61Zhu Ping.Application of rigid plate deformationalcurvature method in rock extensional fracture re-search.PGRE,2001,8(6):59～61
[8]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.裂缝预测主曲率法的新探索.石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):83～85Li Zhiyon,Zeng Zuoxun,Luo Wenqiang.A new ap-proach to predicting fractures using principal curva-ture.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):83～85
[9]文武,文晓涛.曲率在复杂地质体检测中的应用.石油天然气学报,2011,33(7):84～87Wen Wu,Wen Xiaotao.Application of curvature incomplex geological detection.Journal of Oil and GasTechnology,2011,33(7):84～87
[10]谢风猛.古潜山裂缝储层预测新方法.物探与化探,2010,34(2):233～236Xie Fengmeng.The Application of geometrical prop-erties to predicting fracture type reservoirs.Geophy-sical&Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(2):233～236
[11]蔡涵鹏,贺振华,唐湘蓉等.岩性体边界与断裂异常信息识别研究及应用.断块油气田,2010,17(3):285～288Cai Hanpeng,He Zhenhua,Tang Xiangrong et al.Study and application of identification of abnormal in-formation between lithologic body boundaries andfracture.Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2010,17(3):285～288
[12]王雷,陈海清,陈国文等.应用曲率属性预测裂缝发育带及其产状.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):885～889Wang Lei,Chen Haiqing,Chen Guowen et al.App-lication of curvature attributes in predicting fracturedeveloped zone and its orientation.OGP,2010,45(6):885～889
[13]柏冠军,赵汝敏,杨松岭等.地震曲率技术在地震资料解释中的应用.中国工程科学,2011,13(5):23～27Bai Guanjun,Zhao Rumin,Yang Songling et al.Seismic curvature attributes and their application toseismic interpretation.Engineering Science,2011,13(5):23～27
[14]何英,贺振华,熊晓军.基于高精度曲率分析的断层识别方法.石油天然气学报,2010,32(6):404～407He Ying,He Zhenhua,Xiong Xiaojun.Fault identi-fication based on high-precision curvature analysis.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(6):404～407
[15]杨威,贺振华,陈学华.结构方位滤波在体曲率属性中的应用.石油物探,2011,50(1):27～32Yang Wei,He Zhenhua,Chen Xuehua.Applicationof structure-oriented filtering to volumetric curvaturecalculation.GPP,2011,50(1):27～32
[16]Marfurt Kurt J,Kirlin R Lynn,Steven L Farmer etal.3-D seismic attributes using a semblance-based co-herency algorithm.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150～1165
[17]Marfurt Kurt J,Kirlin R Lynn.3DBroadband esti-mates of reflector dip and amplitude.Geophysics,2000,65(1):304～320
[18]Marfurt Kurt J,Sudhakar V,Gersztenkorn A et al.Coherency calculations in the presence of structuraldip.Geophysics,1999,64(1):104～111
[19]Marfurt Kurt J.Robust estimates of 3Dreflector dipand azimuth.Geophysics,2006,71(4):29～40
[20]Gauss C F.Disquisitones Generales Circa Superfici-es Curvas(General investigation into curved sur-faces),1827
[21]Koenderink J J,Van Doorn A J.Surface shape andcurvature scales.Image and Vision Computing,1992,10(8):557～565
[22]Luo Y,Marhoon M,Al-Dossary S et al.Edge-pre-serving smoothing and applications.The LeadingEdge,2002,21(2):136～141
[23]AlBinHassan N M,Luo Y,Al-Faraj M N.3Dedge-preserving smoothing and applications.Geophysics,2006,71(4):5～11
[24]曹丹平,王永刚.边缘保持平滑滤波在地震相干体技术研究中的应用.中国科技论文在线精品论文,2010,3(21):2200～2203Cao Danping,Wang Yonggang.Application of theedge-preserved smoothing filter in the research ofseismic coherency cube technique.Highlights ofScencisepaper Online,2010,3(21):2200～2203
[25]Al-Dossary S,Marfurt Kurt J.Lineament-preservingfiltering.Geophysics,2007,72(1):1～8
[26]Pérez M A et al.Fracture detection in a carbonatereservoir using a variety of seismic methods.Geo-physics,1999,64(4):1266～1276
[27]Gregor P Eberli,Jose Luis Masaferro et al.Seismicimaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems.AAPGMemoir,2004:81
[28]Narr W.Fracture density in the deep subsurface:techniques with application to point arguello oil field.AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(7):1300～1323
[29]Luo Y,Higgs W G,Kowalik W S.Edge detectionand stratigraphic analysis using 3Dseismic data.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:324～327
[30]Sullivan E C,Marfurt Kurt J,Lacazette A et al.Ap-plication of new seismic attributes to collapse chim-neys in the FortWorth Basin.Geophysics,2006,71(4):111～119
[31]Sigismondi M E,Soldo J C.Curvature attributes andseismic interpretation:case studies from ArgentinaBasins.The Leading Edge,2003,23(11):1122～1126
[32]Chopra S,Marfurt Kurt J.Curvature attribute appli-cations to 3D surface seismic data.The LeadingEdge,2007,26(4):404～414
[33]Chopra S,Misra S,Marfurt Kurt J.Coherence andcurvature attributes on preconditioned seismic data.The Leading Edge,2011,30(4):386～393
[34]Dalley R M,Gevers E CA,Stampli G M et al.Dipand azimuth displays for 3Dseismic interpretation.First Break,2007,12(1):86～95
[2]Luo Y,Evans M et al.Fracture density estimationsfrom amplitude data.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2001,20:277～279
[3]Lisle R J.Detection of zones of abnormal strains instructures using Gaussian curvature analysis.AAPGBulletin,1994,78(12):1811～1819
[4]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their applicationto 3Dinterpreted horizons.First Break,2001,19(2):85～100
[5]Bergbauer S,Mukerji T,Hennings P.Improving cur-vature analyses of deformed horizons using scale-de-pendent filtering techniques.AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(8):1255～1272
[6]Hart B S,Pearson R,Rawling G C.3-D seismic hori-zon-based approaches to fracture-swarm sweet spotdefinition in tight-gas reservoirs.The Leading Edge,2002,21(1):28～35
[7]朱平.刚性板体形变曲率法在研究岩石张性裂缝中的应用.油气地质与采收率,2001,8(6):59～61Zhu Ping.Application of rigid plate deformationalcurvature method in rock extensional fracture re-search.PGRE,2001,8(6):59～61
[8]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.裂缝预测主曲率法的新探索.石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):83～85Li Zhiyon,Zeng Zuoxun,Luo Wenqiang.A new ap-proach to predicting fractures using principal curva-ture.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):83～85
[9]文武,文晓涛.曲率在复杂地质体检测中的应用.石油天然气学报,2011,33(7):84～87Wen Wu,Wen Xiaotao.Application of curvature incomplex geological detection.Journal of Oil and GasTechnology,2011,33(7):84～87
[10]谢风猛.古潜山裂缝储层预测新方法.物探与化探,2010,34(2):233～236Xie Fengmeng.The Application of geometrical prop-erties to predicting fracture type reservoirs.Geophy-sical&Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(2):233～236
[11]蔡涵鹏,贺振华,唐湘蓉等.岩性体边界与断裂异常信息识别研究及应用.断块油气田,2010,17(3):285～288Cai Hanpeng,He Zhenhua,Tang Xiangrong et al.Study and application of identification of abnormal in-formation between lithologic body boundaries andfracture.Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2010,17(3):285～288
[12]王雷,陈海清,陈国文等.应用曲率属性预测裂缝发育带及其产状.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):885～889Wang Lei,Chen Haiqing,Chen Guowen et al.App-lication of curvature attributes in predicting fracturedeveloped zone and its orientation.OGP,2010,45(6):885～889
[13]柏冠军,赵汝敏,杨松岭等.地震曲率技术在地震资料解释中的应用.中国工程科学,2011,13(5):23～27Bai Guanjun,Zhao Rumin,Yang Songling et al.Seismic curvature attributes and their application toseismic interpretation.Engineering Science,2011,13(5):23～27
[14]何英,贺振华,熊晓军.基于高精度曲率分析的断层识别方法.石油天然气学报,2010,32(6):404～407He Ying,He Zhenhua,Xiong Xiaojun.Fault identi-fication based on high-precision curvature analysis.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(6):404～407
[15]杨威,贺振华,陈学华.结构方位滤波在体曲率属性中的应用.石油物探,2011,50(1):27～32Yang Wei,He Zhenhua,Chen Xuehua.Applicationof structure-oriented filtering to volumetric curvaturecalculation.GPP,2011,50(1):27～32
[16]Marfurt Kurt J,Kirlin R Lynn,Steven L Farmer etal.3-D seismic attributes using a semblance-based co-herency algorithm.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150～1165
[17]Marfurt Kurt J,Kirlin R Lynn.3DBroadband esti-mates of reflector dip and amplitude.Geophysics,2000,65(1):304～320
[18]Marfurt Kurt J,Sudhakar V,Gersztenkorn A et al.Coherency calculations in the presence of structuraldip.Geophysics,1999,64(1):104～111
[19]Marfurt Kurt J.Robust estimates of 3Dreflector dipand azimuth.Geophysics,2006,71(4):29～40
[20]Gauss C F.Disquisitones Generales Circa Superfici-es Curvas(General investigation into curved sur-faces),1827
[21]Koenderink J J,Van Doorn A J.Surface shape andcurvature scales.Image and Vision Computing,1992,10(8):557～565
[22]Luo Y,Marhoon M,Al-Dossary S et al.Edge-pre-serving smoothing and applications.The LeadingEdge,2002,21(2):136～141
[23]AlBinHassan N M,Luo Y,Al-Faraj M N.3Dedge-preserving smoothing and applications.Geophysics,2006,71(4):5～11
[24]曹丹平,王永刚.边缘保持平滑滤波在地震相干体技术研究中的应用.中国科技论文在线精品论文,2010,3(21):2200～2203Cao Danping,Wang Yonggang.Application of theedge-preserved smoothing filter in the research ofseismic coherency cube technique.Highlights ofScencisepaper Online,2010,3(21):2200～2203
[25]Al-Dossary S,Marfurt Kurt J.Lineament-preservingfiltering.Geophysics,2007,72(1):1～8
[26]Pérez M A et al.Fracture detection in a carbonatereservoir using a variety of seismic methods.Geo-physics,1999,64(4):1266～1276
[27]Gregor P Eberli,Jose Luis Masaferro et al.Seismicimaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems.AAPGMemoir,2004:81
[28]Narr W.Fracture density in the deep subsurface:techniques with application to point arguello oil field.AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(7):1300～1323
[29]Luo Y,Higgs W G,Kowalik W S.Edge detectionand stratigraphic analysis using 3Dseismic data.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:324～327
[30]Sullivan E C,Marfurt Kurt J,Lacazette A et al.Ap-plication of new seismic attributes to collapse chim-neys in the FortWorth Basin.Geophysics,2006,71(4):111～119
[31]Sigismondi M E,Soldo J C.Curvature attributes andseismic interpretation:case studies from ArgentinaBasins.The Leading Edge,2003,23(11):1122～1126
[32]Chopra S,Marfurt Kurt J.Curvature attribute appli-cations to 3D surface seismic data.The LeadingEdge,2007,26(4):404～414
[33]Chopra S,Misra S,Marfurt Kurt J.Coherence andcurvature attributes on preconditioned seismic data.The Leading Edge,2011,30(4):386～393
[34]Dalley R M,Gevers E CA,Stampli G M et al.Dipand azimuth displays for 3Dseismic interpretation.First Break,2007,12(1):86～95
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