岩石圈下层塑性流动网带的剪切热效应
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摘要
基于“网状塑性流动”大陆动力学模型和中国大陆大地热流的分布特征,文中针对网带黏性剪切热效应的平衡态,通过热力学能量方程的求解,导出网带温度异常方程等关系式,并通过与网带热流正异常的拟合分析,确定了相关的参数值。研究表明,塑性流动网带黏性剪切热的产生为温度的正异常提供了热源,并通过热传导扩展网带的影响范围,形成相应的热异常网带。作为对中东亚塑性流动网络系统平均状况的估计,网带的热异常宽度与地震带所显示的网带视宽度一致,约为65km;剪切网带的宽度为44km,约为网带热异常宽度的23;网带中线处的温度正异常约为210K,剪切网带边界处的温度正异常约为67K,至热异常带边缘处降低为零,其起伏形态与网带大地热流正异常“凸峰”相一致。文中为岩石圈下层塑性流动网络的存在及其对大地热流正异常分布的控制提供了理论依据。
Based on the “Netlike plastic-flow” model for continental dynamics and the distribution of terrestrial heat flow in the China continent, the balanced state of viscous shear-heating effect of plastic-flow belts (PFBs) is analyzed in the paper, involving the establishment of the equations of PFB-induced temperature-anomalies by solving the energy equations of thermal dynamics and the determination of the relevant parameters by fitting the positive heat-flow-anomalies of PFBs. It is shown that the viscous shear-heating of PFB provides a thermal energy source for positive temperature-anomalies and results in the enlargement of PFB-affected width by heat conduction. It is indicated as an estimation of the average situation for the Central-Eastern Asia (CEAs) plastic-flow network system that the thermal-anomaly width of PFB is identical with the average apparent-width of PFBs manifested by seismic belts, being approximate to 65km; the shear width of PFB is equal to 44km, about 2/3 of the thermal-anomaly width; the form of the positive temperature-anomaly distribution curve as a result of the analysis is consistent with that of the positive heat-flow anomaly “peak” controlled by PFBs; the positive temperature anomalies at the mid line and boundary of PFB are about 210K and 67K respectively and decrease to zero at the boundary of the thermal-anomaly belt affected by PFB. The results of this study give a theoretical verification for the existence of plastic-flow network in the lower lithosphere and the effect of PFB on the positive anomalies of terrestrial heat-flow.
Based on the “Netlike plastic-flow” model for continental dynamics and the distribution of terrestrial heat flow in the China continent, the balanced state of viscous shear-heating effect of plastic-flow belts (PFBs) is analyzed in the paper, involving the establishment of the equations of PFB-induced temperature-anomalies by solving the energy equations of thermal dynamics and the determination of the relevant parameters by fitting the positive heat-flow-anomalies of PFBs. It is shown that the viscous shear-heating of PFB provides a thermal energy source for positive temperature-anomalies and results in the enlargement of PFB-affected width by heat conduction. It is indicated as an estimation of the average situation for the Central-Eastern Asia (CEAs) plastic-flow network system that the thermal-anomaly width of PFB is identical with the average apparent-width of PFBs manifested by seismic belts, being approximate to 65km; the shear width of PFB is equal to 44km, about 2/3 of the thermal-anomaly width; the form of the positive temperature-anomaly distribution curve as a result of the analysis is consistent with that of the positive heat-flow anomaly “peak” controlled by PFBs; the positive temperature anomalies at the mid line and boundary of PFB are about 210K and 67K respectively and decrease to zero at the boundary of the thermal-anomaly belt affected by PFB. The results of this study give a theoretical verification for the existence of plastic-flow network in the lower lithosphere and the effect of PFB on the positive anomalies of terrestrial heat-flow.
引文
胡圣标,何丽娟,汪集.2001.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版)[J].地球物理学报,44(5):611—626.HU Sheng-biao,HE Li-juan,WANG Ji-yang.2001.Compilation of heat flowdata in the China continental area(3rdedition)[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,44(5):611—626(in Chinese).
戚学祥,张坚新,李海兵,等.2004.北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带的同位素年代学及其地质意义[J].地学前缘,11(4):469—479.QI Xue-xiang,ZHANG Jian-xin,LI Hai-bing,et al.2004.Geochronology of the dextral strike ductile shear zone insouth margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains and its geological significance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,11(4):469—479(in Chinese).
数学手册编写组.1979.数学手册[M].北京:人民教育出版社.Compiling Group of Handbook of Mathematics.1979.Handbook of Mathematics[M].People s Education PublishingHouse,Beijing(in Chinese).
汪集,黄少鹏.1990.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第二版)[J].地震地质,12(4):351—363.WANG Ji-yang,Huang Shao-peng.1990.Compilation of heat flow data in the China continental area(2nd edition)[J].Seismology and Geology,12(4):364—366.
王绳祖.1996.地壳、上地幔变形属性的判别[J].地震地质,18(3):215—224.WANG Sheng-zu.1996.Deformation property recognition of the crust and upper mantle[J].Seismology and Geology,18(3):215—224(in Chinese).
王绳祖.1998.地壳地幔中网状和均匀塑性流动及流动律[A].见:郑亚东主编.构造地质学·地质力学:第30届国际地质大会论文集(第14卷).北京:地质出版社.1—11.WANG Sheng-zu.1997.Netlike and homogeneous plastic flows in the crust and mantle and the flow law[A].In:ZHENG Ya-dong(ed).Structural Geology and Geomechanics:Proc30th Int Geol Congr Beijing,Vol.14.Utrecht,the Netherlands:VSP(International Science Publishers).3—15.
王绳祖.2001.亚洲中东部岩石圈下层网络状塑性流动与应变场[J].地质论评,47(5):459—466.WANG Sheng-zu.2001.Netlike plastic-flow and strain field in the lower lithosphere in central-eastern Asia[J].Geological Review,47(5):459—466(in Chinese).
王绳祖.2004a.中国大陆塑性流动网络与相对稳定块体对大地热流分布的影响[A].见:张忠杰等主编.中国大陆地球深部结构与动力学研究:庆贺滕吉文院士从事地球物理研究50周年.北京:科学出版社.434—447.WANG Sheng-zu.2004a.The effects of plastic-flownetworks and relative stable blocks on the distribution of heat flowin the China continent[A].In:ZHANG Zhong-jieet al.(eds).Researches on Deep Earth Structure and Dynam-ics in the China Continent.Science Press,Beijing.434—447.
王绳祖.2004b.大陆岩石圈塑性流动网络的延性弱面效应[J].地震地质,26(3):405—415.WANG Sheng-zu.2004b.Ductile weakness-plane effect of plastic-flow networks in the continental lithosphere[J].Seismology and Geology,26(3):405—415(in Chinese).
王绳祖.2005.亚洲中东部岩石圈网状塑性流动控制下的多层应变速率场[J].地震地质,27(2):260—272.WANG Sheng-zu.2005.Multi-layer strain rate field controlled by netlike plastic-flow in the lithosphere in Central-Eastern Asia[J].Seismology and Geology,27(2):260—272(in Chinese).
王绳祖,张四昌,田勤俭,等.2001.大陆动力学:网状塑性流动与多级构造变形[M].北京:地震出版社.WANG Sheng-zu,ZHANG Si-chang,TIAN Qin-jian,et al.2001.Continental Dynamics:Netlike Plastic-Flow andHierarchical Tectonic Deformation[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
张家声.1983.沂沭断裂带中段基底韧性剪切带[J].地震地质,5(2):11—23.ZHANG Jia-sheng.1983.The basement ductile shear zone of the middle Yihe-Shuhe fault zone[J].Seismology andGeology,5(2):11—23(in Chinese).
生井武文,井上雅弘.1978.粘性流体の力学[M].東京:理工学社.Ikui T,Inoue M.1978.Viscous Fluid Mechanics[M].Science and Engineering Press,Tokyo(in Japanese).
Aksoy R.1998.Strain analysis of the Kapidagi Peninsula shear zone in the Ocaklar Granitoid,NW Turkey[J].Tr Jof Earth Sciences,7:79—85.
Audoine E,Savage M K and Gledhill K.2000.Seismic anisotropy from local earthquakes in the transition region froma subduction to a strike-slip plate boundary,New Zealand[J].J Geophys Res,105:8013—8033.
Brun J P and Cobbold P R.1980.Strain heating and thermal softening in continental shear zones:a review[J].JStruct Geol,2(1/2):149—158.
Fleitout L and Froidevaux C.1980.Thermal and mechanical evolution of shear zones[J].J Struct Geol,2(1/2):159—164.
Jischke M C.1975.On the dynamics of descending lithospheric plates and slip zones[J].J Geophys Res,80(35):4809—4813.
Kameyama M,Yuen D A and Karato S-I.1999.Thermal-mechanical effects of low-temperature plasticity(the Peierlsmechanism)on the deformation of a viscoelastic shear zone[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,168(1/2):159—172.
Kuwahara Y,Mamada Y and Ito H.2003.Low-velocity zones along subducting oceanic plates:Their implications inthe subduction-zone seismogenesis and a method to detect them[J].Bull Earthq Res Inst Univ Tokyo,78:197—203.
Nimmo F and Gaidos E.2002.Strike-slip motion and double ridge formation on Europe[J].Geophys Res,107(E4):5021—5028.
Poirier J P.1980.Shear localization and shear instability in materials in ductile field[J].J Struct Geol,2(1/2):135—142.
Regenauer-Lieb K and Yuen D A.2000.Quasi-adiabatic instabilities associated with necking processes of an elasto-viscoplastic lithosphere[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,118(1/2):89—102.
Rolandone F and Jaupart C.2002.The distributions of slip rate and ductile deformation in a strike-slip shear zone[J].Geophys J Int,148:179—192.
Rusmore M E,Gehrels G and Woodsworth G J.2001.Southern continuation of the Coast shear zone and Paleocenestrain partitioning in British Columbia—southeast Alaska[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,113(8):961—975.
Turcotte D L and Oxburgh E R.1968.A fluid theory for the deep structure of dip-slip fault zone[J].Phys EarthPlanet Interior,1:381—386.
Turcotte D L and Schubert G.1982.Geodynamics:Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems[M].Wiley&Sons,New York.
WANG Sheng-zu.1993.Net-like earthquake distribution and plastic-flow network in central and eastern Asia[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,77:177—188.
WANG Sheng-zu.2006.Quantitative expression of heat flow versus tectonic deformation in the China Continent:Theeffects of plastic-flownetwork and stable block[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),80(1):97—109.
Wilson C K,Jones C H,Molnar P,et al.2004.Distributed deformation in the lower crust and upper mantle beneatha continental strike-slip fault zone:Marlborough Fault System,South Island,New Zealand[J].Geology,32:837—840.
Yuen D A,Fleitout L,Schubert G,et al.1978.Shear deformation zones along major transform faults and subductingslabs[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,54:93—119.
Zulauf G.1993.The moldanubian/saxothuringian boundary at the western border of the Bohemian Massif-a PolyphaseStrike-slip Zone[J].Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft,144:68—87.
ДолтманНБ.1976.ФиэическиеСвойстваГорныхПородиПолезныхИскопаемых[M].Москва:Недра.
Doltman N B.1976.Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals[M].Nedra,Moscow(in Russian).
ТихоновАН,СамарскийАА.1953.УравненияМатематическойФизики[M].Москва:Госиздтехтеорлит.
Tihonov A N,Samarskii A A.1953.Equations of Mathematical Physics[M].Gosizdtechtheorlit,Moscow(in Rus-sian).
戚学祥,张坚新,李海兵,等.2004.北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带的同位素年代学及其地质意义[J].地学前缘,11(4):469—479.QI Xue-xiang,ZHANG Jian-xin,LI Hai-bing,et al.2004.Geochronology of the dextral strike ductile shear zone insouth margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains and its geological significance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,11(4):469—479(in Chinese).
数学手册编写组.1979.数学手册[M].北京:人民教育出版社.Compiling Group of Handbook of Mathematics.1979.Handbook of Mathematics[M].People s Education PublishingHouse,Beijing(in Chinese).
汪集,黄少鹏.1990.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第二版)[J].地震地质,12(4):351—363.WANG Ji-yang,Huang Shao-peng.1990.Compilation of heat flow data in the China continental area(2nd edition)[J].Seismology and Geology,12(4):364—366.
王绳祖.1996.地壳、上地幔变形属性的判别[J].地震地质,18(3):215—224.WANG Sheng-zu.1996.Deformation property recognition of the crust and upper mantle[J].Seismology and Geology,18(3):215—224(in Chinese).
王绳祖.1998.地壳地幔中网状和均匀塑性流动及流动律[A].见:郑亚东主编.构造地质学·地质力学:第30届国际地质大会论文集(第14卷).北京:地质出版社.1—11.WANG Sheng-zu.1997.Netlike and homogeneous plastic flows in the crust and mantle and the flow law[A].In:ZHENG Ya-dong(ed).Structural Geology and Geomechanics:Proc30th Int Geol Congr Beijing,Vol.14.Utrecht,the Netherlands:VSP(International Science Publishers).3—15.
王绳祖.2001.亚洲中东部岩石圈下层网络状塑性流动与应变场[J].地质论评,47(5):459—466.WANG Sheng-zu.2001.Netlike plastic-flow and strain field in the lower lithosphere in central-eastern Asia[J].Geological Review,47(5):459—466(in Chinese).
王绳祖.2004a.中国大陆塑性流动网络与相对稳定块体对大地热流分布的影响[A].见:张忠杰等主编.中国大陆地球深部结构与动力学研究:庆贺滕吉文院士从事地球物理研究50周年.北京:科学出版社.434—447.WANG Sheng-zu.2004a.The effects of plastic-flownetworks and relative stable blocks on the distribution of heat flowin the China continent[A].In:ZHANG Zhong-jieet al.(eds).Researches on Deep Earth Structure and Dynam-ics in the China Continent.Science Press,Beijing.434—447.
王绳祖.2004b.大陆岩石圈塑性流动网络的延性弱面效应[J].地震地质,26(3):405—415.WANG Sheng-zu.2004b.Ductile weakness-plane effect of plastic-flow networks in the continental lithosphere[J].Seismology and Geology,26(3):405—415(in Chinese).
王绳祖.2005.亚洲中东部岩石圈网状塑性流动控制下的多层应变速率场[J].地震地质,27(2):260—272.WANG Sheng-zu.2005.Multi-layer strain rate field controlled by netlike plastic-flow in the lithosphere in Central-Eastern Asia[J].Seismology and Geology,27(2):260—272(in Chinese).
王绳祖,张四昌,田勤俭,等.2001.大陆动力学:网状塑性流动与多级构造变形[M].北京:地震出版社.WANG Sheng-zu,ZHANG Si-chang,TIAN Qin-jian,et al.2001.Continental Dynamics:Netlike Plastic-Flow andHierarchical Tectonic Deformation[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
张家声.1983.沂沭断裂带中段基底韧性剪切带[J].地震地质,5(2):11—23.ZHANG Jia-sheng.1983.The basement ductile shear zone of the middle Yihe-Shuhe fault zone[J].Seismology andGeology,5(2):11—23(in Chinese).
生井武文,井上雅弘.1978.粘性流体の力学[M].東京:理工学社.Ikui T,Inoue M.1978.Viscous Fluid Mechanics[M].Science and Engineering Press,Tokyo(in Japanese).
Aksoy R.1998.Strain analysis of the Kapidagi Peninsula shear zone in the Ocaklar Granitoid,NW Turkey[J].Tr Jof Earth Sciences,7:79—85.
Audoine E,Savage M K and Gledhill K.2000.Seismic anisotropy from local earthquakes in the transition region froma subduction to a strike-slip plate boundary,New Zealand[J].J Geophys Res,105:8013—8033.
Brun J P and Cobbold P R.1980.Strain heating and thermal softening in continental shear zones:a review[J].JStruct Geol,2(1/2):149—158.
Fleitout L and Froidevaux C.1980.Thermal and mechanical evolution of shear zones[J].J Struct Geol,2(1/2):159—164.
Jischke M C.1975.On the dynamics of descending lithospheric plates and slip zones[J].J Geophys Res,80(35):4809—4813.
Kameyama M,Yuen D A and Karato S-I.1999.Thermal-mechanical effects of low-temperature plasticity(the Peierlsmechanism)on the deformation of a viscoelastic shear zone[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,168(1/2):159—172.
Kuwahara Y,Mamada Y and Ito H.2003.Low-velocity zones along subducting oceanic plates:Their implications inthe subduction-zone seismogenesis and a method to detect them[J].Bull Earthq Res Inst Univ Tokyo,78:197—203.
Nimmo F and Gaidos E.2002.Strike-slip motion and double ridge formation on Europe[J].Geophys Res,107(E4):5021—5028.
Poirier J P.1980.Shear localization and shear instability in materials in ductile field[J].J Struct Geol,2(1/2):135—142.
Regenauer-Lieb K and Yuen D A.2000.Quasi-adiabatic instabilities associated with necking processes of an elasto-viscoplastic lithosphere[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,118(1/2):89—102.
Rolandone F and Jaupart C.2002.The distributions of slip rate and ductile deformation in a strike-slip shear zone[J].Geophys J Int,148:179—192.
Rusmore M E,Gehrels G and Woodsworth G J.2001.Southern continuation of the Coast shear zone and Paleocenestrain partitioning in British Columbia—southeast Alaska[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,113(8):961—975.
Turcotte D L and Oxburgh E R.1968.A fluid theory for the deep structure of dip-slip fault zone[J].Phys EarthPlanet Interior,1:381—386.
Turcotte D L and Schubert G.1982.Geodynamics:Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems[M].Wiley&Sons,New York.
WANG Sheng-zu.1993.Net-like earthquake distribution and plastic-flow network in central and eastern Asia[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,77:177—188.
WANG Sheng-zu.2006.Quantitative expression of heat flow versus tectonic deformation in the China Continent:Theeffects of plastic-flownetwork and stable block[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),80(1):97—109.
Wilson C K,Jones C H,Molnar P,et al.2004.Distributed deformation in the lower crust and upper mantle beneatha continental strike-slip fault zone:Marlborough Fault System,South Island,New Zealand[J].Geology,32:837—840.
Yuen D A,Fleitout L,Schubert G,et al.1978.Shear deformation zones along major transform faults and subductingslabs[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,54:93—119.
Zulauf G.1993.The moldanubian/saxothuringian boundary at the western border of the Bohemian Massif-a PolyphaseStrike-slip Zone[J].Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft,144:68—87.
ДолтманНБ.1976.ФиэическиеСвойстваГорныхПородиПолезныхИскопаемых[M].Москва:Недра.
Doltman N B.1976.Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals[M].Nedra,Moscow(in Russian).
ТихоновАН,СамарскийАА.1953.УравненияМатематическойФизики[M].Москва:Госиздтехтеорлит.
Tihonov A N,Samarskii A A.1953.Equations of Mathematical Physics[M].Gosizdtechtheorlit,Moscow(in Rus-sian).
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