2010年河南太康M_S4.6地震序列震源参数的精确确定
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摘要
精确确定地震的震源机制解、震源深度和序列的相对位置是地震危险性分析的重要基础.2010年10月24日和2011年3月8日,河南太康地区分别发生MS4.6和MS4.1显著地震,为分析该弱震、少震区的地震危险性,本文利用CAP方法反演了震源机制解和震源深度,并结合深度震相波形记录进一步确认了深度的可靠性.结果显示,两次地震的震源机制解较为接近,均以走滑为主,深度也均为13km左右.此外,以主震作为参考事件,采用主事件法对余震的水平位置进行了相对定位,定位结果显示余震空间上分布的走向分别与主震震源机制解两个节面走向大致相同.本文结果为研究当地地震危险性提供了一定依据.
Determinations of focal mechanism,focal depth and earthquake sequences relative locations play an important role on seismic hazard evaluation.On Oct 24,2010 and Mar 8,2011,a MS4.6 event and a MS4.1 event occurred in Taikang region.To evaluate the seismic hazard of this region,focal mechanisms and focal depths of these two events are inverted by CAP method.Depth phase sSmS are also used to confirm focal depths.The inversion results show that these two events have similar focal mechanisms,and focal depths are about 13 km.In addition,relative epicenter relocation is performed to relocate the aftershocks using the main shock as the reference event.The spatial orientations of relocated aftershocks show conjugate distribution,corresponding to the two fault planes of the main shock.The results provide fundamental information for seismic hazard study in this region.
Determinations of focal mechanism,focal depth and earthquake sequences relative locations play an important role on seismic hazard evaluation.On Oct 24,2010 and Mar 8,2011,a MS4.6 event and a MS4.1 event occurred in Taikang region.To evaluate the seismic hazard of this region,focal mechanisms and focal depths of these two events are inverted by CAP method.Depth phase sSmS are also used to confirm focal depths.The inversion results show that these two events have similar focal mechanisms,and focal depths are about 13 km.In addition,relative epicenter relocation is performed to relocate the aftershocks using the main shock as the reference event.The spatial orientations of relocated aftershocks show conjugate distribution,corresponding to the two fault planes of the main shock.The results provide fundamental information for seismic hazard study in this region.
引文
[1]罗艳,倪四道,曾祥方等.一个发生在沉积盖层里的破坏性地震:2010年1月31日四川遂宁-重庆潼南地震.科学通报,2011,56(2):147-152.Luo Y,Ni S D,Zeng X F,et al.The M5.0Suining-Tongnan(China)earthquake of 31 January 2010:A destructiveearthquake occurring in sedimentary cover.China Sci.Bull.,2011,56(6):521-525.
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[26]周仕勇,许忠淮,韩京等.主地震定位法分析以及1997年新疆伽师强震群高精度定位.地震学报,1999,21(3):258-265.Zhou S Y,Xu Z H,Han J,et al.Analysis of master eventearthquake location and high-resolution relocation of 1997Jiashi strong earthquake swarm in Xinjiang province.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1999,21(3):258-265.
[27]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of data backup centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[28]孙武城,徐杰,杨主恩.上海奉贤至内蒙阿拉善左旗地学断面1∶100万说明书.北京:地震出版社,1992.Sun W C,Xu J,Yang Z E.Explanation of Fengxian,Shanghai-Alashanqi Inner Mongolia Geotransect(inChinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.
[29]Somerville P,Yoshimura J.The influence of critical Mohoreflections on strong ground motions recorded in SanFrancisco and Oakland during the 1989 Loma Prietaearthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1990,17(8):1203-1206.
[30]罗艳,倪四道,陈颙.超临界距离上SmS震相对强地面振动衰减关系影响的初步探讨.中国地震,2010,26(2):131-141.Luo Y,Ni S D,Chen Y.A case study on the effect of post-critical SmS on ground motion in Yingjiang,YunnanProvince,China.Earthquake Research in China(inChinese),2010,26(2):131-141.
[31]嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):611-620.Jia S X,Zhang X K.Crustal structure and comparison ofdifferent tectonic blocks in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):611-620.
[32]Klein F W.User's Guid to HYPOINVERSE-2000,a FortranProgram to Solve for earthquake Locations and Magnitudes.U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report,2007.
[33]谢智,刘尧兴,胡卫建等.河南及邻区地震的震源机制.西北地震学报,2002,24(3):283-286.Xie Z,Liu Y Y,Hu W J,et al.The focal mechanism ofearthquake in Henan and its adjacent region.NorthwesternSeismological Journal(in Chinese),2002,24(3):283-286.
[34]方大卫,沈永盛.关于菏泽—昆山北西向地震带的建立及其意义.地震地质,1994,16(4):365-372.Fang D W,Shen Y S.Identification of the NW-trendingHeze-Kunshan seismic zone and its significance.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),1994,16(4):365-372.
[35]张四昌.中国大陆共轭地震构造研究.中国地震,1991,7(2):69-76.Zhang S C.Studies of conjugate seismotectonics of thecontinental earthquakes in China.Earthquake Research inChina(in Chinese),1991,7(2):69-76.
[36]王墩,肖和平,姚运生等.九江—瑞昌地震序列的构造背景与发震构造探讨.大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(1):15-20.Wang D,Xiao H P,Yao Y S,et al.On seismogenic and itsbackground tectonics of Jiujiang-Ruichang seismic sequence.J.Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2007,27(1):15-20.
[2]Geller R J.Shake-up time for Japanese seismology.Nature,2011,472(7344):407-409.
[3]Allen R M,Kanamori H.The potential for earthquake earlywarning in southern California.Science,2003,300(5620):786-789.
[4]万柯松,倪四道,曾祥方等.汶川大地震中的应急地震学.中国科学D辑,2009,39(1):1-10.Wan K S,Ni S D,Zeng X F,et al.Real-time seismology forthe 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China.Sci.Chin.Earth Sci.,2009,52(2):155-165.
[5]Wang W T,Ni S D,Chen Y,et al.Magnitude estimation forearly warning applications using the initial part of P waves:Acase study on the 2008 Wenchuan sequence.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2009,36(16):L16305,doi:10.1029/2009GL038678.
[6]Egozcue J J,Barbat A,Canas J A,et al.A method toestimate intensity occurrence probabilities in low seismicactivity regions.Earthquake Engineering&StructuralDynamics,1991,20(1):43-60.
[7]Atakan K,Midzi V,Moreno T B,et al.Seismic hazard inregions of present day low seismic activity:uncertainties inthe paleoseismic investigations along the Bree Fault Scarp(Roer Graben,Belgium).Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2000,20(5-8):415-427.
[8]许忠淮,阎明,赵仲和.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向.地震学报,1983,5(3):268-279.Xu Z H,Yan M,Zhao Z H.Evaluation of the direction oftectonic stress in north China from recorded data of a largenumber of small earthquakes.Acta Seismologica Sinica(inChinese),1983,5(3):268-279.
[9]周仕勇,许忠淮,陈晓非.伽师强震群震源特征及震源机制力学成因分析.地球物理学报,2001,44(5):654-662.Zhou S Y,Xu Z H,Chen X F.Analysis on the sourcecharacteristics of the 1997Jiashi swarm,western China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):654-662.
[10]胡幸平,俞春泉,陶开等.利用P波初动资料求解汶川地震及其强余震震源机制解.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1711-1718.Hu X P,Yu C Q,Tao K,et al.Focal mechanism solutionsof Wenchuan earthquake and its strong aftershocks obtainedfrom initial P wave polarity analysis.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1711-1718.
[11]Kanamori H,Given J W.Use of long period surface wavesfor rapid determination of earthquake source parameters.Phys.Earth Planet Inter.,1981,27(1):8-31.
[12]Thio H K,Kanamori H.Moment-tensor inversions for localearthquakes using surface waves recorded at TERRAscope.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1995,85(4):1021-1038.
[13]马淑田,姚振兴,纪晨.1996年5月3日内蒙古包头西Ms6.4级地震的震源机制研究.地球物理学报,1998,41(6):795-804.Ma S T,Yao Z X,Ji C.A study for the mechanism of Ms6.4earthquake on May 3,1996at west Baotou,Inner Mongol.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(6):795-804.
[14]许力生,陈运泰.从全球长周期波形资料反演2001年11月14日昆仑山地震时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑,2004,34(3):256-264.Xu L S,Chen Y T.Temporal and spatial rupture process ofthe great Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of November 14,2001from the GDSN long period waveform data.Sci.Chin.Earth Sci.(in Chinese),2005,48(1):112-122.
[15]Zhao L S,Helmberger D V.Source estimation frombroadband regional seismograms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1994,84(1):91-104.
[16]Zhu L P,Helmberger D V.Advancement in sourceestimation techniques using broadband regional seismograms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1996,86(5):1634-1641.
[17]韦生吉,倪四道,崇加军等.2003年8月16日赤峰地震:一个可能发生在下地壳的地震?地球物理学报,2009,52(1):111-119.Wei S J,Ni S D,Chong J J,et al.The 16 August 2003Chifeng earthquake:Is it a lower crust earthquake?ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):111-119.
[18]郑勇,马宏生,吕坚等.汶川地震强余震(Ms≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系.中国科学D辑,2009,39(4):413-426.Zheng Y,Ma H S,LüJ,et al.Source mechanism of strongaftershocks(Ms≥5.6)of the 2008/05/12 Wenchuan earthquakesand the implication for seismotectonics.Sci.Chin.EarthSci.,2009,52(6):739-753.
[19]Ma S T,Atkinson G M.Focal depths for small to moderateearthquakes(MN≥2.8)in western Quebec,southernOntario,and northern New York.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2006,96(2):609-623.
[20]崇加军,倪四道,曾祥方.sPL,一个近距离确定震源深度的震相.地球物理学报,2010,53(11):2620-2630.Chong J J,Ni S D,Zeng X F.sPL,an effective seismicphase for determining focal depth at near distance.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(11):2620-2630.
[21]罗艳,倪四道,曾祥方等.汶川地震余震区东北端一个余震序列的地震学研究.中国科学D辑,2010,40(6):677-687.Luo Y,Ni S D,Zeng X F,et al.A shallow aftershocksequence in the north-eastern end of the Wenchuanearthquake aftershock zone.Sci.Chin.Earth Sci.,2010,53(11):1655-1664.
[22]邓起东,张培震,冉勇康等.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学D辑,2002,32(12):1020-1030.Deng Q D,Zhang P Z,Ran Y K,et al.Basic feature ofChina active structures.Sci.Chin.Earth Sci.(in Chinese),2002,32(12):1020-1030.
[23]Zhu L P,Rivera L A.A note on the dynamic and staticdisplacements from a point source in multilayered media.Geophys.J.Int.,2002,148(3):619-627.
[24]Spence W.Relative epicenter determination using P-wavearrival-time differences.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1980,70(1):171-183.
[25]杨智娴,陈运泰,张宏志.张北—尚义地震序列的重新定位和发震构造.地震学报,2002,24(4):366-377.Yang Z X,Chen Y T,Zhang H Z.Relocation and seismogenicstructure of the 1998Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake sequence.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(4):366-377.
[26]周仕勇,许忠淮,韩京等.主地震定位法分析以及1997年新疆伽师强震群高精度定位.地震学报,1999,21(3):258-265.Zhou S Y,Xu Z H,Han J,et al.Analysis of master eventearthquake location and high-resolution relocation of 1997Jiashi strong earthquake swarm in Xinjiang province.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1999,21(3):258-265.
[27]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of data backup centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[28]孙武城,徐杰,杨主恩.上海奉贤至内蒙阿拉善左旗地学断面1∶100万说明书.北京:地震出版社,1992.Sun W C,Xu J,Yang Z E.Explanation of Fengxian,Shanghai-Alashanqi Inner Mongolia Geotransect(inChinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.
[29]Somerville P,Yoshimura J.The influence of critical Mohoreflections on strong ground motions recorded in SanFrancisco and Oakland during the 1989 Loma Prietaearthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1990,17(8):1203-1206.
[30]罗艳,倪四道,陈颙.超临界距离上SmS震相对强地面振动衰减关系影响的初步探讨.中国地震,2010,26(2):131-141.Luo Y,Ni S D,Chen Y.A case study on the effect of post-critical SmS on ground motion in Yingjiang,YunnanProvince,China.Earthquake Research in China(inChinese),2010,26(2):131-141.
[31]嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):611-620.Jia S X,Zhang X K.Crustal structure and comparison ofdifferent tectonic blocks in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):611-620.
[32]Klein F W.User's Guid to HYPOINVERSE-2000,a FortranProgram to Solve for earthquake Locations and Magnitudes.U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report,2007.
[33]谢智,刘尧兴,胡卫建等.河南及邻区地震的震源机制.西北地震学报,2002,24(3):283-286.Xie Z,Liu Y Y,Hu W J,et al.The focal mechanism ofearthquake in Henan and its adjacent region.NorthwesternSeismological Journal(in Chinese),2002,24(3):283-286.
[34]方大卫,沈永盛.关于菏泽—昆山北西向地震带的建立及其意义.地震地质,1994,16(4):365-372.Fang D W,Shen Y S.Identification of the NW-trendingHeze-Kunshan seismic zone and its significance.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),1994,16(4):365-372.
[35]张四昌.中国大陆共轭地震构造研究.中国地震,1991,7(2):69-76.Zhang S C.Studies of conjugate seismotectonics of thecontinental earthquakes in China.Earthquake Research inChina(in Chinese),1991,7(2):69-76.
[36]王墩,肖和平,姚运生等.九江—瑞昌地震序列的构造背景与发震构造探讨.大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(1):15-20.Wang D,Xiao H P,Yao Y S,et al.On seismogenic and itsbackground tectonics of Jiujiang-Ruichang seismic sequence.J.Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2007,27(1):15-20.
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