中国东部海域岩石圈结构面波层析成像
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摘要
本文通过面波层析成像得到了中国东部海域及邻近地区的地壳上地幔 S 波速度图像,给出了主要构造单元的区划及其结构特征,并讨论了速度结构与现今构造活动及构造演化历史的关系.研究区内中下地壳的平均速度与地震活动存在比较显著的关系,强震基本都发生在低速区内或高低速过渡区.太行山以东地壳内存在几条北西向低速带,其中张家口—渤海地震带下方的低速带最为显著.东部海域划分成北黄海、南黄海、东海、和冲绳海槽等4个构造块体.北黄海具有较薄较高速的岩石圈,与南华北盆地类似,推测是中生代特提斯洋向北俯冲造成岩石圈减薄的遗迹.北华北地区具有低速的地壳和较厚的岩石圈,岩石圈地幔速度偏低且上下比较均匀,可能反映中生代沿北方缝合带持续碰撞作用的特点.南黄海具有相对较厚的岩石圈,较多地保存了下扬子克拉通的特征.在下扬子与华北地块的拼合过程中,洋壳俯冲可能是北黄海和苏皖地区上地幔低速特征的成因.在125°E以东的朝鲜半岛地区未发现这一拼合过程的遗迹.有可能整个朝鲜半岛都是华北地块的一部分;但也有可能是太平洋俯冲和日本海张开的作用完全改造了朝鲜半岛的岩石圈上地幔,抹去了以往构造运动的痕迹.东海地区的地壳厚度,特别是岩石圈厚度向冲绳海槽方向减小,反映出菲律宾海板块俯冲在弧后广大地区都有影响.冲绳海槽地区可见俯冲的菲律宾海板片以及板片上方显著低速的地壳和上地幔,为冲绳海槽的弧后扩张机制提供了证据.
This paper presents the S-wave velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in the marginal seas of east China resulted from surface wave tomography,describes the structural features of various tectonic units in the region,and discusses their relation with present tectonic activity and past evolution history.The average velocity of the middle and lower crust has a remarkable relation with strong earthquakes,which took place within the low velocity zones or along the boundaries between low and high velocity.There are several NW-trending low velocity zones in the crust east of the Taihang Mountains,among them the one beneath the Zhangjiakou- Bohai seismic belt is most conspicuous.The sea area can he divided into 4 tectonic units,i.e., the northern and southern Yellow Sea,the East China Sea,and the Okinawa Trough.The northern Yellow Sea has a thin and high velocity lithosphere similar to that of southern North China Basin,presumably resulted from Mesozoic lithosphere thinning caused by the northward subduction of Paleotethys.In contrast the northern North China has a low velocity crust and thicker lithosphere,the velocity of lithospheric mantle is rather low and homogeneous vertically, probably indicating the result of long-lasting Mesozoic collision along the northern suture zones. The southern Yellow Sea has a thicker lithosphere with the characteristics of lower Yangtze craton.In the suturing process of lower Yangtze and North China the subduction of oceanic lithosphere might have caused the low velocity features of the upper mantle in northern Yellow Sea and Su-Wan region.However,such suturing relics were not found in Korea Peninsula east of 125°E.It may imply that the whole Korea Peninsula is a part of North China Craton,or the effect of Pacific subduction and Japan Sea opening might have totally reformed the lithospheric mantle beneath the peninsula and erased the sign of past suturing.In the East China Sea the crust, especially the lithosphere thins towards the Okinawa Trough,indicating that the subduction of Philippine plate affects a vast back-arc area.In the Okinawa Trough the subducting Philippine slab and the conspicuously low velocities above the slab are clearly seen,providing evidence for the back-arc spreading mechanism of the Okinawa Trough formation.
This paper presents the S-wave velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in the marginal seas of east China resulted from surface wave tomography,describes the structural features of various tectonic units in the region,and discusses their relation with present tectonic activity and past evolution history.The average velocity of the middle and lower crust has a remarkable relation with strong earthquakes,which took place within the low velocity zones or along the boundaries between low and high velocity.There are several NW-trending low velocity zones in the crust east of the Taihang Mountains,among them the one beneath the Zhangjiakou- Bohai seismic belt is most conspicuous.The sea area can he divided into 4 tectonic units,i.e., the northern and southern Yellow Sea,the East China Sea,and the Okinawa Trough.The northern Yellow Sea has a thin and high velocity lithosphere similar to that of southern North China Basin,presumably resulted from Mesozoic lithosphere thinning caused by the northward subduction of Paleotethys.In contrast the northern North China has a low velocity crust and thicker lithosphere,the velocity of lithospheric mantle is rather low and homogeneous vertically, probably indicating the result of long-lasting Mesozoic collision along the northern suture zones. The southern Yellow Sea has a thicker lithosphere with the characteristics of lower Yangtze craton.In the suturing process of lower Yangtze and North China the subduction of oceanic lithosphere might have caused the low velocity features of the upper mantle in northern Yellow Sea and Su-Wan region.However,such suturing relics were not found in Korea Peninsula east of 125°E.It may imply that the whole Korea Peninsula is a part of North China Craton,or the effect of Pacific subduction and Japan Sea opening might have totally reformed the lithospheric mantle beneath the peninsula and erased the sign of past suturing.In the East China Sea the crust, especially the lithosphere thins towards the Okinawa Trough,indicating that the subduction of Philippine plate affects a vast back-arc area.In the Okinawa Trough the subducting Philippine slab and the conspicuously low velocities above the slab are clearly seen,providing evidence for the back-arc spreading mechanism of the Okinawa Trough formation.
引文
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[3] 郝天珧,刘建华,Suh Mancheol等.黄海及其邻区深部结构特点与地质演化.地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :803～808 Hao T Y.Liu J H,Suh M,et al.Deep structure characteristics and geological evolution of the Yellow Sea and its adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6) :803～808
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[5] 胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧等.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析.地球物理学报,2006． 49(4) :1053～1061 Xu Y,Liu J H.Hao T Y.et al.P wave velocity structure and tectonics analysis of lithospheric mantle in eastern China seas and adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4) :1053～1061
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[7] 裴建新,韩波.张训华.小波分析与解析延拓方法相结合研究东海深部构造.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(6) :55～59 Pei J X.Han B,Zhang X H.Research on deep structures of East China Sea by combining upward continuation and wavelet analysis methods.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology(in Chinese).2007,27(6) :55～59
[8] Wang Z,Huang R,Huang J.et al.P-wave velocity and gradient images beneath the Okinawa Trough.Tectonophysics,2008． 455:1～13
[9] 杨金玉,徐世浙,余海龙等.视密度反演在东海及邻区重力异常解释中的应用.地球物理学报,2008,51(6) :1909～1916 Yang J Y,Xu S Z,Yu H L,et al.Application of apparent density inversion method in the East China Sea and adjacent area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008． 51(6) :1909～1916
[10] 滕吉文,张中杰,胡家富等.中国东南大陆及陆缘地带的瑞利波频散与剪切波三维速度结构.地球物理学报,2001． 44(5) :663～677 Teng J W,Zhang Z J,Hu J H,et al.The Rayleigh wave dispersion and three dimensional velocity structure in continent and its margin of southeast China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001． 44(5) :663～677
[11] 郑月军,黄忠贤,刘福田等.中国东部海域地壳上地幔瑞利波 速度结构研究.地球物理学报,2000,43(4) :480～487 Zheng Y J,Huang Z X,Liu F T.et al.Rayleigh wave velocity and structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the seas in eastern China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(4) :480～487
[12] 朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林等.东亚西太平洋边缘海高分辨率面波层析成像.地球物理学报,2002,45(5) :646～664 Zhu J S,Cao J M,Cai X L,et al.High resolution surface wave tomography in East Asia and west Pacific marginal seas.Chinese.J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(5) :646～664
[13] 彭艳菊,黄忠贤,苏伟.中国边缘海岩石层面波层析成像.见:李家彪,高抒主编.中国边缘海岩石层结构与动力过程.北京:海洋出版社,2003． 8～14 Peng Y J,Huang Z X,Su W.Surface wave tomography of the lithosphere in marginal seas of China.In:Li J B,Gao S eds.Lithosphere Structure and Dynamic Process in China Marginal Sea.Beijing:Ocean Press,2003． 8～14
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[15] Huang Z,Peng Y,Luo Y,et al.Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh waves in East Asia.Geophys.Res.Lett.,31,L15617,doi:10． 1029/2004GL020399,2004
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[17] 陈学波,张景发,唐荣余等.中国及外围地区莫霍面深度分布图.北京:地震出版社,2001 Chen X B,Zhang J F,Tang R Y.et al.Map of Moho Depths in China and Adjacent Areas.Beijing:Seismological Press,2001
[18] 徐杰,马宗晋,陈国光等.中国大陆东部新构造期北西向断裂带的初步探讨.地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):193～198 Xu J,Ma Z J,Chen G G,et al.NW-trending active fault zones of the eastern Chinese continent in neotectonic time.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2003,10(Special Issue):193～198
[19] Menzies M,Xu Y,Zhang H,et al.Integration of geology,geophysics and geochemistry:A key to understanding the North China Craton.Lithos,2007,96:1～21
[20] 张宏福,周新华,范蔚茗等.华北东南部中生代岩石圈地幔性质、组成、富集过程及其形成机理.岩石学报,2005,21(4) :1271～1280 Zhang H F,Zhou X H,Fan W M,et al.Nature,composition,enrichment processes and its mechanism of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the southeastern North China Craton.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2005． 21(4) :1271～1280
[21] Zhang H F,Sun M,Zhou M F,et al.Highly heterogeneous Late Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton:evidence from Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic systematics of maric igneous rocks.Geol.Mag.,2004,141:55～62,doi:10． 1017/S0016756803008331
[22] 蔡乾忠.中国东部与朝鲜大地构造单元对应划分.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1995,15(1) :7～24 Cai Q Z.Corresponding division of the geotectonic units of eastern China and Korea.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),1995． 15(1) :7～24
[23] Jeon H,Cho M,Kim H,et al.Early Archean to Middle Jurassic evolution of the Korean Peninsula and its correlation with Chinese cratons:SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age constraints.Journal of Geology,2007,115:525～539
[24] Oh C W,Kim S W,Choi S G,et al.First finding of eclogite facies metamorphic event in South Korea and its correlation with the Dabie-Sulu collision belt in China.Journal of Geology (in Chinese),2005,113:226～232
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