西藏中波河段大型碎屑流成因机制及防治对策
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摘要
我国西部高寒山区发育一种特殊的地质灾害体——寒冻风化碎屑流。在规模较大的堆积体及其邻近区域开展工程建设时,对工程影响较大。以西藏玉曲河中波河段发育的5处大型碎屑流堆积体为研究对象,基于工程地质测绘、区域地质分析、气象资料收集等工作,认为寒冻风化碎屑流是一种基岩剥蚀现象,其形成与特殊的气候、地形、岩性、构造和地震等条件密切相关,是经过几十万年甚至上百万年历史逐渐堆积而成的。结合碎屑堆积体规模大、分布成群、稳定性差、物源区岩块不断崩落等特点,探讨研究区重大工程项目(滇藏铁路、中波水电站等)宜采取的防治措施(如避让、监测等)。研究结果为辖区工程建设提供技术依据,对类似工程提供技术参考。
There are a kind of special geological hazard body as namely as frost weathering debris flow in cold mountains in western China.When the projects are built on the accumulation body with large volume or nearby it,it will have great effect on the projects.Taking the five large-scale debris flow accumulation bodies developed along Zhongbo reach of Yuqu River in Tibet as the study objects,we consider that the frost weathering debris flow is a bedrock denudation phenomenon based on engineering geological mapping,analysis of areal geology and collecting of meteorological data,and so on.Its formation is closely related to the particular climate,topography,lithology,structure and earthquake,and so on.and it is gradually accumulated through a few hundred thousand to a few million years.By considering the characteristics of the debris flows accumulation body such as big scale,distribution in groups,bad stability,continuous falling of blocks in the source area,the preventive measures including avoiding and monitoring in some large-scale projects such as Yunnan—Tibet Railway and Zhongbo Hydropower Station are investigated.The results can provide technical support for the project construction and reference for the similar projects.
There are a kind of special geological hazard body as namely as frost weathering debris flow in cold mountains in western China.When the projects are built on the accumulation body with large volume or nearby it,it will have great effect on the projects.Taking the five large-scale debris flow accumulation bodies developed along Zhongbo reach of Yuqu River in Tibet as the study objects,we consider that the frost weathering debris flow is a bedrock denudation phenomenon based on engineering geological mapping,analysis of areal geology and collecting of meteorological data,and so on.Its formation is closely related to the particular climate,topography,lithology,structure and earthquake,and so on.and it is gradually accumulated through a few hundred thousand to a few million years.By considering the characteristics of the debris flows accumulation body such as big scale,distribution in groups,bad stability,continuous falling of blocks in the source area,the preventive measures including avoiding and monitoring in some large-scale projects such as Yunnan—Tibet Railway and Zhongbo Hydropower Station are investigated.The results can provide technical support for the project construction and reference for the similar projects.
引文
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[10]赵希涛,张永双,胡道功,等.云南丽江地区大具盆地早更新世金沙江砾石层的发现及其意义[J].地质通报,2006,25(12):1 381–1 386.(ZHAO Xitao,ZHANG Yongshuang,HU Daogong,et al.Discovery of early Pleistocene gravels of the Jinsha River in the Daju Basin,Yunnan,China,and its significance[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(12):1 381–1 386.(in Chinese))
[11]张加桂,张永双,曲永新,等.对滇藏铁路三江段工程地质问题的深化认识[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):781–789.(ZHANG Jiagui,ZHANG Yongshuang,QU Yongxin,et al.In-depth discussions on the engineering geological problems along Sanjiang sector of Yunnan—Tibet railway line[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):781–789.(in Chinese))
[12]张永双,胡道功,吴中海,等.滇藏铁路沿线地壳稳定性及重大工程地质问题[M].北京:地质出版社,2009:5–69.(ZHANG Yongshuang,HU Daogong,WU Zhonghai,et al.Regional tectonic stability and engineering geological problems in Yunnan—Tibet railway line[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009:5–69.(in Chinese))
[2]李树德.天山乌鲁木齐河源胜利达坂岩石风化剥蚀速率初探[J].冰川冻土,1981,3(增):114–119.(LI shude.Study on denudation rate of Heyuanshenglidaban rock of Tianshan mountains in Urumchi City[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1981,3(Supp.):114–119.(in Chinese))
[3]BARSCH D.Eine absch?tzung von schattproduktion und schutteransport im bereich aktiver blockgletcher der Schweizer alpen[J].Ieistchrift fur Geomorphologie,1977,21(1):79–86.(in German)
[4]JOHN A.Geomorphological modeling and nature protection in Arctic and subarctic environment[J].Geoforum,1976,7(1):121–137.
[5]LUCKMAN B H.Some observations on the erosion of talus slopes by snow avalanches[C]//Mountain Geomorphology.Vancouver:Tantulas Research,1972:85–100.
[6]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司.西藏自治区玉曲河干流水电规划报告[R].武汉:长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,2009.(Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning,Design and Research,Co.,Ltd..Planning report of Yuqu River main stream in Tibet[R].Wuhan:Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning,Design and Research,Co.,Ltd.,2009.(in Chinese))
[7]明庆忠,史正涛,董铭.长江第一湾成因及形成时代探讨[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(3):119–126.(MING Qingzhong,SHI Zhengtao,DONG Ming.The inquiry on genesis and formation times of the first bend of Yangtze River[J].Progress in Geography,2007,26(3):119–126.(in Chinese))
[8]杨达源,韩志勇,葛兆帅,等.金沙江石鼓—宜宾河段的贯通与深切地貌过程的研究[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(4):564–568.(YANG Dayuan,HAN Zhiyong,GE Zhaoshuai,et al.Geomorphic process of the formation and incision of the section from Shigu to Yibin of the Jinsha River[J].Quaternary Science,2008,28(4):564–568.(in Chinese))
[9]王启国.金沙江虎跳峡河段河床深厚覆盖层成因及工程意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1 455–1 466.(WANG Qiguo.Causes riverbed deep cover and engineering significance of Tiger Leaping Gorge reach of Jinsha River[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1 455–1 466.(in Chinese))
[10]赵希涛,张永双,胡道功,等.云南丽江地区大具盆地早更新世金沙江砾石层的发现及其意义[J].地质通报,2006,25(12):1 381–1 386.(ZHAO Xitao,ZHANG Yongshuang,HU Daogong,et al.Discovery of early Pleistocene gravels of the Jinsha River in the Daju Basin,Yunnan,China,and its significance[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(12):1 381–1 386.(in Chinese))
[11]张加桂,张永双,曲永新,等.对滇藏铁路三江段工程地质问题的深化认识[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):781–789.(ZHANG Jiagui,ZHANG Yongshuang,QU Yongxin,et al.In-depth discussions on the engineering geological problems along Sanjiang sector of Yunnan—Tibet railway line[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):781–789.(in Chinese))
[12]张永双,胡道功,吴中海,等.滇藏铁路沿线地壳稳定性及重大工程地质问题[M].北京:地质出版社,2009:5–69.(ZHANG Yongshuang,HU Daogong,WU Zhonghai,et al.Regional tectonic stability and engineering geological problems in Yunnan—Tibet railway line[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009:5–69.(in Chinese))
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