塔中地区海相碳酸盐岩特大型油气田发现的关键技术
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摘要
塔中隆起海相碳酸盐岩成藏地质异常复杂,地面条件极其艰苦,油气勘探开发面临世界级难题挑战。经过15年艰苦攻关,发展了海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏理论:古隆起及斜坡控藏控储、多成因叠合复合缝洞系统地质模型、多充注点多期次大面积复式混源成藏理论;创新了海相油气勘探开发配套技术:大漠区超深层碳酸盐岩地震采集处理、缝洞量化雕刻、烃类检测、高产稳产井部署、超深高温碳酸盐岩钻井完井工艺、缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层大型酸压改造等配套技术。运用上述理论及技术查明了塔中隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩十亿吨级凝析气田,已探明中国奥陶系第一个礁滩复合体大型油气田,3×108 t油气规模基本落实,100×104 t产能初步建成;发现了塔中北坡鹰山组层间岩溶大型凝析气田,7×108 t油气规模逐步明朗,400×104 t产能建设全面启动。创新成果丰富了海相油气地质理论,推动了关键技术的进步。
The marine carbonate reservoir in Tazhong uplift in Tarim basin is characterized by complicated geology and surface conditions,and its petroleum exploration faces challenges in world-level difficulties.After 15-year researches and practices,the hydrocarbon accumulation theories for marine carbonate reservoirs have been developed,such as the reserves-and hydrocarbon accumulation-controlling theory,the geologic model for multi-origin superimposed and complex fractured-vuggy system,the multi-charging location and multistage large-scale complex mixed sources accumulation theory.The matching technologies for marine petroleum exploration and development are created,including super-deep carbonate rock seismic gathering and processing in desert region,quantitative imagery of fractures and caves,hydrocarbon detection,allocation of high-and stable-production wells,drilling and completion technologies for super-deep and high-temperature carbonate reservoir,and large acid fracturing and alteration technology for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir.By means of these theories and technologies,a billion-ton-grade condensate gas field of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong uplift has been found out,proving the first reef flat complex oil-gas field of Ordovician in China,from which 300 million tons of reserves have been proven basically,and one million-ton productivity has been built up comprehensively.Also,a large scale condensate gas field with interlayer karst of Yingshan formation in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift has been discovered,from which 700 million tons of reserves could be determined,and 4 million-ton productivity construction has been completely started up.These evolutional achievements enrich the marine hydrocarbon theory and promote the progress of the key technologies.
The marine carbonate reservoir in Tazhong uplift in Tarim basin is characterized by complicated geology and surface conditions,and its petroleum exploration faces challenges in world-level difficulties.After 15-year researches and practices,the hydrocarbon accumulation theories for marine carbonate reservoirs have been developed,such as the reserves-and hydrocarbon accumulation-controlling theory,the geologic model for multi-origin superimposed and complex fractured-vuggy system,the multi-charging location and multistage large-scale complex mixed sources accumulation theory.The matching technologies for marine petroleum exploration and development are created,including super-deep carbonate rock seismic gathering and processing in desert region,quantitative imagery of fractures and caves,hydrocarbon detection,allocation of high-and stable-production wells,drilling and completion technologies for super-deep and high-temperature carbonate reservoir,and large acid fracturing and alteration technology for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir.By means of these theories and technologies,a billion-ton-grade condensate gas field of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong uplift has been found out,proving the first reef flat complex oil-gas field of Ordovician in China,from which 300 million tons of reserves have been proven basically,and one million-ton productivity has been built up comprehensively.Also,a large scale condensate gas field with interlayer karst of Yingshan formation in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift has been discovered,from which 700 million tons of reserves could be determined,and 4 million-ton productivity construction has been completely started up.These evolutional achievements enrich the marine hydrocarbon theory and promote the progress of the key technologies.
引文
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[2]金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):15-22.
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[5]朱光有,张水昌.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):793-802.
[6]何君,韩剑发,潘文庆.轮南古隆起奥陶系潜山油气成藏机理[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):44-48.
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[10]韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系天然气特征及其与油气聚集的关系[J].地学前缘,2009.
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[12]杨海军,刘胜,李宇平,等.塔中地区中-上奥陶统碳酸盐岩储集层特征分析[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(l-2):73-83.
[13]罗春树,杨海军,蔡振忠,等.塔中82井区优质储集层的主探因素[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(5):589-591.
[14]朱光有,张水昌,王欢欢,等.塔里木盆地北部深层风化壳储集层的形成与分布[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2 384-2 398.
[15]王振宇,李宇平,陈景山,等.塔中地区中晚奥陶世碳酸盐岩陆棚边缘大气成岩透镜体的发育特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):152-160.
[16]孙玉善,韩杰,张丽娟,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统礁滩体基质次生孔隙成因——以塔中62井区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(5):541-547.
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[18]邬光辉,李建军,卢玉红.塔中Ⅰ号断裂带奥陶系灰岩裂第32卷第3期王招明,等:塔中地区海相碳酸盐岩特大型油气田发现的关键技术缝特征探讨[J].石油学报,1999,20(4):19-23.
[19]秦启荣,刘胜,张宗命.塔中Ⅰ号断裂带O2+3石灰岩裂缝期次研究[J].天然气工业,2002,22(6):127-128.
[20]钱一雄,陈跃,陈强路,等.塔中西北部奥陶系碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀作用[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):47-52.
[21]王振宇,严威,张云峰,等.塔中上奥陶统台缘礁滩体储集层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].新疆地质,2007,25(3):287-290.
[22]刘忠宝,孙华,于柄松,等.裂缝对塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层岩溶发育的控制[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(3):289-291.
[23]何幼斌,张兴阳,戴福贵,等.塔中Ⅰ号断裂带中奥陶统灰岩储集层特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(3):17-20.
[24]赵宗举,周新源,陈学时,等.塔中地区中晚奥陶世古潜山岩溶储集层特征[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(6):660-663.
[25]魏国齐,贾承造,宋惠珍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系构造-沉积模式与碳酸盐岩裂缝储集层预测[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):408-412.
[26]沈安江,王招明,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层成因类型、特征及油气勘探潜力[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(4):1-12.
[27]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.川东北地区飞仙关组高含H2S天然气TSR成因的同位素证据[J].中国科学(D),2005,35(11):1 037-1 046.
[28]姜乃煌,朱光有,张水昌,等.塔里木盆地塔中83井检测出2-硫代金刚烷及其地质意义[J].科学通报,2007,52(24):2 871-2 875.
[29]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波.TSR和H2S对深部碳酸盐岩储集层的溶蚀改造作用——四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储集层形成的重要方式[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2182-2 194.
[30]杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):26-30.
[2]金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):15-22.
[3]张水昌,梁狄刚,朱光有,等.中国海相油气形成的地质基础[J].科学通报,2007,52(增I):19-31.
[4]康玉柱.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系古岩溶特征与油气分布[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(5):472-480.
[5]朱光有,张水昌.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):793-802.
[6]何君,韩剑发,潘文庆.轮南古隆起奥陶系潜山油气成藏机理[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):44-48.
[7]周新源,王招明,杨海军,等.塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(1):45-51.
[8]韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩礁滩复合体油气来源与运聚成藏研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(3):426-435.
[9]赵文智,朱光有,张水昌,等.天然气晚期强充注与塔中奥陶系深部碳酸盐岩储集性能改善关系研究[J].科学通报,2009,54(20):3 218-3 230.
[10]韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系天然气特征及其与油气聚集的关系[J].地学前缘,2009.
[11]顾家裕,方辉,蒋凌志.塔里木盆地奥陶系生物礁的发现及其意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(4):1-3.
[12]杨海军,刘胜,李宇平,等.塔中地区中-上奥陶统碳酸盐岩储集层特征分析[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(l-2):73-83.
[13]罗春树,杨海军,蔡振忠,等.塔中82井区优质储集层的主探因素[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(5):589-591.
[14]朱光有,张水昌,王欢欢,等.塔里木盆地北部深层风化壳储集层的形成与分布[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2 384-2 398.
[15]王振宇,李宇平,陈景山,等.塔中地区中晚奥陶世碳酸盐岩陆棚边缘大气成岩透镜体的发育特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):152-160.
[16]孙玉善,韩杰,张丽娟,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统礁滩体基质次生孔隙成因——以塔中62井区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(5):541-547.
[17]陈景山,王振宇.塔中地区中上奥陶统台地镶边体系分析[J].古地理学报,1999,1(2):8-17.
[18]邬光辉,李建军,卢玉红.塔中Ⅰ号断裂带奥陶系灰岩裂第32卷第3期王招明,等:塔中地区海相碳酸盐岩特大型油气田发现的关键技术缝特征探讨[J].石油学报,1999,20(4):19-23.
[19]秦启荣,刘胜,张宗命.塔中Ⅰ号断裂带O2+3石灰岩裂缝期次研究[J].天然气工业,2002,22(6):127-128.
[20]钱一雄,陈跃,陈强路,等.塔中西北部奥陶系碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀作用[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):47-52.
[21]王振宇,严威,张云峰,等.塔中上奥陶统台缘礁滩体储集层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].新疆地质,2007,25(3):287-290.
[22]刘忠宝,孙华,于柄松,等.裂缝对塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层岩溶发育的控制[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(3):289-291.
[23]何幼斌,张兴阳,戴福贵,等.塔中Ⅰ号断裂带中奥陶统灰岩储集层特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(3):17-20.
[24]赵宗举,周新源,陈学时,等.塔中地区中晚奥陶世古潜山岩溶储集层特征[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(6):660-663.
[25]魏国齐,贾承造,宋惠珍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系构造-沉积模式与碳酸盐岩裂缝储集层预测[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):408-412.
[26]沈安江,王招明,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层成因类型、特征及油气勘探潜力[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(4):1-12.
[27]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.川东北地区飞仙关组高含H2S天然气TSR成因的同位素证据[J].中国科学(D),2005,35(11):1 037-1 046.
[28]姜乃煌,朱光有,张水昌,等.塔里木盆地塔中83井检测出2-硫代金刚烷及其地质意义[J].科学通报,2007,52(24):2 871-2 875.
[29]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波.TSR和H2S对深部碳酸盐岩储集层的溶蚀改造作用——四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储集层形成的重要方式[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2182-2 194.
[30]杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):26-30.
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