根据地震纵波速度分析青藏高原地壳放射性生热率和地幔热状态
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摘要
从1974年至今,人们对青藏高原的研究积累了大量的地球物理资料。笔者搜集了23条地震剖面纵波数据,利用地震纵波速度和生热率的关系,绘制了各条剖面的地壳岩石生热率随深度变化的等值线,并结合已有的大地热流数据,得到了地幔热流密度分布情况。从地幔热流密度分布可以看出:在班公—怒江缝合带、印度—雅鲁藏布江缝合带、拉萨地体上存在地幔热流较高区域;该区域位于地块碰撞挤压带上,地层构造复杂,地热资源丰富,以著名的羊八井地热田为代表。初步推断该区域地幔岩浆较活跃。
A large amount of geophysical data of Tibetan Plateau has been accumulated since 1974 when the modern geophysical exploration about Tibetan Plateau began.P-wave velocities of 23 deep seismic sounding profiles are collected and relationship curve of crustal radiogenic heat and P-wave velocity(A-Vp) in each profile was plotted.The mantle heat flow contour map of Tibetan Plateau is drawn reference to terrestrial heat flow data sets.There is a very high mantle heat flow area on the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone,Indus-Yarlung suture and Lhasa block.It can be infered that the magma under the area is possible active.
A large amount of geophysical data of Tibetan Plateau has been accumulated since 1974 when the modern geophysical exploration about Tibetan Plateau began.P-wave velocities of 23 deep seismic sounding profiles are collected and relationship curve of crustal radiogenic heat and P-wave velocity(A-Vp) in each profile was plotted.The mantle heat flow contour map of Tibetan Plateau is drawn reference to terrestrial heat flow data sets.There is a very high mantle heat flow area on the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone,Indus-Yarlung suture and Lhasa block.It can be infered that the magma under the area is possible active.
引文
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[2]潘裕生,孔祥儒.青藏高原岩石圈结构演化与动力学[M].广州:广东科技出版社.1997.Pan Yu-sheng,Kong Xiang-ru.Tibetan PlateauLithosphere Structure Evolution and Dynamics[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and TechnologyPublishing House,1997.
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[6]An Y,Harrison T M.Geologic Evolution of theHimalayan-Tibetan Orogen[J].Annual Review ofEarth and Planetary Sciences,2000,28:211-280.
[7]Zhang Z J,Deng Y F,Teng J W,et al.An Overviewof the Crustal Structure of the Tibetan Plateau After35Years of Deep Seismic Soundings[J].Journal ofAsian Earth Sciences,2011,40(3):977-989.
[8]滕吉文,熊绍柏,孙克忠,等.西藏高原当雄—亚东地带地壳与上地幔结构和速度分布的爆炸地震研究[J].地球物理学报,1981,24(2):155-170.Teng Ji-wen,Xiong Shao-bai,Sun Ke-zhong,et al.Explosion Seismic Study for Velocity Distribution andStructure of the Crust and Upper Mantle fromDamxung to Yadong of Xizang Plateau[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,1981,24(2):155-170.
[9]Teng J W,Sun K Z.Deep Seismic Reflection Wavesand Structure of the Crust from Danxiong to Yadongon the Xizang Plateau(Tibet)[J].Physics of theEarth and Planetary Interiors,1983,31(4):293-306.
[10]Zhang Z J,Teng J W,Li Y K,et al.CrustalStructure of Seismic Velocity in Southern Tibet andEast-Westward Escape of the Crustal Material:AnExample by Wide-Angle Seismic Profile from PeiguTso to Pumoyong Tso[J].Science in China:SeriesD,2004,47(6):500-506.
[11]张中杰,滕吉文,李英康,等.藏南地壳速度结构与地壳物质东西向“逃逸”:以佩枯错—普莫雍错宽角反射剖面为例[J].中国科学:D辑,2002,45(6):550-558.Zhang Zhong-jie,Teng Ji-wen,Li Ying-kang,et al.East-West Crustal Structure and“Down-Bowing”Moho Under the Northern Tibet Revealed by Wide-Angle Seismic Profile[J].Science in China:Series D,2002,45(6):550-558.
[12]李秋生,彭苏萍,高锐,等.青藏高原北部巴颜喀拉构造带基底隆起的地震学证据[J].地质通报,2003,22(10):782-788.Li Qiu-sheng,Peng Su-ping,Gao Rui,et al.SeismicEvidence of the Basement Uplift in the Bayan HarTectonic Belt,Qinghai,and Its Tectonic Significance[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2003,22(10):782-788.
[13]崔作舟,卢德源,陈纪平,等.攀西地区的深部地壳结构与构造[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(6):566-580.Cui Zuo-zhou,Lu De-yuan,Chen Ji-ping,et al,TheDeep Structural and Tectonic Features of the Crust inPanxi Area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1987,30(6):566-580.
[14]熊绍柏,郑晔,尹周勋,等.丽江—攀枝花—者海地带二维地壳结构及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报.1993,36(4):434-444.Xiong Shao-bai,Zheng Ye,Yin Zhou-xun,et al.The2-D Structure and It’s Tectonic Implications of theCrust in the Lijiang-Panzhihua-Zhehai Region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1993,36(4):434-444.
[15]王有学,韩果花,姜枚,等.阿尔泰—阿尔金地学断面地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2):240-249.Wang You-xue,Han Guo-hua,Jiang Mei,et al.Crustal Structure Along the Geosciences Transectfrom Altay to Altun Tagh[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2004,47(2):240-249.
[16]王有学,Mooney W D,韩果花,等.台湾—阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金—龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):98-106.Wang You-xue,Mooney W D,Han Guo-hua,et al.Crustal P-Wave Velocity Structure from Altyn Taghto Longmen Mountains Along the Taiwan-AltayGeoscience Transect[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2005,48(1):98-106.
[17]崔作舟,李秋生,吴朝东,等.格尔木—额济纳旗地学断面的地壳结构和深部构造[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊1):15-28.Cui Zuo-zhou,Li Qiu-sheng,Wu Chao-dong,et al.The Crustal and Deep Structures in Golmud-EjinaqiGGT[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1995,38(Sup.1):15-28.
[18]Zhao W J,Mechie J,Brown L D,et al.CrustalStructure of Central Tibet as Derived from IndepthWide-Angle Seismic Data[J].Geophysical JournalInternational,2001,145:486-498.
[19]熊绍柏,刘洪兵.青藏高原西部的地壳结构[J].科学通报,1997,42(12),1309-1312.Xiong Shao-bai,Liu Hong-bing.The CrustalStructure of Northern Tibetan Plateau[J].ChineseScience Bulletin,1997,42(12),1309-1312.
[20]李松林,张先康,张成科,等.玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):210-217.Li Song-lin,Zhang Xian-kang,Zhang Cheng-ke,etal.A Preliminary Study on the Crustal VelocityStructure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian by Means ofDeep Seismic Sounding Profile[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2002,45(2):210-217.
[21]Li Q S,Gao R,Lu D Y,et al.An Explosive SeismicSounding Profile Across the Transition Zone BetweenWest Kunlun Mts.and Tarim Basin[J].Science inChina:Series D,2001,44(7):666-672.
[22]王椿镛,韩渭宾,吴建平,等.松潘—甘孜造山带地壳速度结构[J].地震学报,2003,25(3):229-241.Wang Chun-yong,Han Wei-bin,Wu Jian-ping,etal.Crustal Structure Beneath the Songpan-GarzeOrogenic Belt[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,25(3):229-241.
[23]Wang C Y,Wu J P,Lou H,et al.P-Wave CrustalVelocity Structure in Western Sichuan and EasternTibetan Region[J].Science in China:Series D:EarthSciences,2003,46(Sup.):254-265.
[24]Zhang Z J,Wang G J,Sun R M,et al.P-WaveVelocity of the Crust from Chayu,Xizang to GongheQinghai in the Southeastern Tibet[C]//RobertWesson.AGU Fall Meeting.San Francisco:[s.n.],2003.
[25]孙宏兵.青藏高原深部物质物理属性和状态的三维结构及其深部动力学过程[R].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2003.Sun Hong-bing.Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Deep MaterialPhysical Properties and the State of Three-Dimensional Structure and Deep Dynamic Process[R].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003.
[26]张中杰,白志明,王椿镛,等.三江地区地壳结构及动力学意义:云南遮放—宾川地震反射/折射剖面的启示[J].中国科学:D辑,2005,35(4):314-319.Zhang Zhong-jie,Bai Zhi-ming,Wang Chun-yong,etal.The Crustal Structure Under Sanjiang and ItsDynamic Implications:Revealed by SeismicReflection/Refraction Profile Between Zhefang andBinchuan,Yunnan[J].Science in China:Series D,2005,48(9):1329-1336.
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