轮古西地区碳酸盐岩油藏特征与失利井研究
摘要
以塔里木盆地塔北地区轮南西部奥陶系碳酸盐岩潜山风化壳油藏为例,通过对工区20多口探井的地质、测井资料以及地球化学分析化验资料的系统分析,研究了轮南西部轮古西地区碳酸盐岩油藏特点、成藏特征以及勘探失利原因。认为轮古西地区奥陶系鹰山组为主要含油层系,油气分布在风化壳面以下180m范围内,以晶间孔、粒内溶蚀孔以及各种构造缝和溶蚀缝为主要储集空间;晚海西期油气充注成藏,之后经历构造抬升,油气遭受强烈生物降解,原油具有高密度、高黏度、高沥青质、高蜡、高含硫、低饱芳比的特征;钻探失利的主要原因可归结为碳酸盐岩储层强烈的非均质性、圈闭的落实程度差、岩溶缝洞体系内复杂的油水分布关系、地震资料解释精度低等。古地貌、岩溶储层、断层是油气富集的主控因素,在深大断裂带附近,古岩溶、裂缝与溶洞发育区,油气产能较高。
In this paper,the Ordovician weathering crust reservoir in west Lungu region of Tarim Basin is taken as an example.Through the systematic analysis of geological,seismic,logging,and geochemical data derived from more than 20 exploration wells,the carbonate reservoir characteristics and accumulation features of west Lunnan region are studied,and then,the reasons leading to exploration failure are discussed by detailed analysis on the wells.The study shows that in west Lungu region,the Ordovician Yingshan Group is demonstrated as the main oil-bearing formation,in which hydrocarbons are distributed within 180m beneath the weathering crust surface.The reservoir space here mainly includes intergranular pore,intragranular pore,structural fractures and corroded fissures.Hydrocarbons are initially charged and accumulated here as a reservoir in late Hercynian period,then undergone an intense biodegradation due to tectonic uplift,which lead to the characteristics of high density,high viscosity,high-quality asphalt,high wax,high sulfur and low saturated/aromatic of the petroleum.The failure of those wells can be generally summarized as:strong carbonate reservoir heterogeneity,ascertainment of traps and complex distribution of oil-water in the karst fracture-cave system,accuracy of seismic interpretation,etc.The palaeogeomorphology,karst reservoir and fault are critical factors for oil and gas accumulations,high petroleum production usually occurs near discordogenic fault where the fracture and cave are well developed.Therefore,deeper drillings are suggested to be performed in this zone in future.
In this paper,the Ordovician weathering crust reservoir in west Lungu region of Tarim Basin is taken as an example.Through the systematic analysis of geological,seismic,logging,and geochemical data derived from more than 20 exploration wells,the carbonate reservoir characteristics and accumulation features of west Lunnan region are studied,and then,the reasons leading to exploration failure are discussed by detailed analysis on the wells.The study shows that in west Lungu region,the Ordovician Yingshan Group is demonstrated as the main oil-bearing formation,in which hydrocarbons are distributed within 180m beneath the weathering crust surface.The reservoir space here mainly includes intergranular pore,intragranular pore,structural fractures and corroded fissures.Hydrocarbons are initially charged and accumulated here as a reservoir in late Hercynian period,then undergone an intense biodegradation due to tectonic uplift,which lead to the characteristics of high density,high viscosity,high-quality asphalt,high wax,high sulfur and low saturated/aromatic of the petroleum.The failure of those wells can be generally summarized as:strong carbonate reservoir heterogeneity,ascertainment of traps and complex distribution of oil-water in the karst fracture-cave system,accuracy of seismic interpretation,etc.The palaeogeomorphology,karst reservoir and fault are critical factors for oil and gas accumulations,high petroleum production usually occurs near discordogenic fault where the fracture and cave are well developed.Therefore,deeper drillings are suggested to be performed in this zone in future.
引文
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[18]朱光有,张水昌,赵文智,等.中国稠油区浅层天然气地球化学特征与成因机制[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2007,37(增刊Ⅱ):80-89.
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[21]周兴熙.再论网络状油气藏与轮南潜山勘探对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):4-7.
[22]Zhu G Y,Zhang S C,Liang Y B,et al.Formation mecha-nism and controlling factors of natural gas reservoirs of the Jialingjiang formation in the east Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(5):805-816.
[23]张宝民,刘静江.中国岩溶储集层分类与特征及相关的理论问题[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):12-29.
[24]Fei Qi,Wang Xiepei.Significant role of structural frac-tures in Renqiu buried-hill oil field in eastern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,1984,68(8):971-982.
[25]鲁新便.岩溶缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层的非均质性[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(4):360-362.
[26]郭建华.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系潜山古岩溶及其所控制的储层非均质性[J].沉积学报,1993,11(1):56-64.
[27]朱光有,张水昌,王欢欢.等.塔里木盆地北部深层风化壳储层的形成与分布[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2384-2398.
[28]王琪,史基安,陈国俊,等.塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩环境特征及其对储层物性的控制作用[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):548-555.
[29]刘小平,孙冬胜,吴欣松.古岩溶地貌及其对岩溶储层的控制——以塔里木盆地轮古西地区奥陶系为例[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(3):265-268.
[30]Zhao W Z,Zhu G Y,Zhang S C.Relationship between the later strong gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bul-letin,2009,54(17):3076-3089.
[31]顾家裕.塔里木盆地轮南地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩岩溶储层特征及形成模式[J].古地理学报,1999,1(1):54-60.
[32]徐国强,李国蓉,刘树根,等.塔里木盆地早海西期多期次风化壳岩溶洞穴层[J].地质学报,2005,79(4):557-568.
[33]陈景山,李忠,王振宇,等.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩古岩溶作用于储层分布[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):858-868.
[34]刘静江,于志楠,黄倩,等.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩测试水性质[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3):305-307.
[35]朱蓉,楼章华,云露,等.塔河油田奥陶系油藏地层水赋存分布[J].地质科学.2008,43(2):228-237.
[36]蔡利学,闫相宾.从预探井失利因素看地震技术需求[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(5):31-33,50.
[37]赵雪凤,朱光有,刘钦甫,等.深部海相碳酸盐岩储层孔隙发育的主控因素研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):514-521.
[38]吕修祥,杨宁,周新源,等.塔里木盆地断裂活动对奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的影响[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2008,38(增刊1):48-54.
[2]赵文智,汪泽成,张水昌,等.中国叠合盆地深层海相油气成藏条件与富集区带[J].科学通报,2007,52(增1):9-18.
[3]张水昌,梁狄刚,朱光有,等.中国海相油气田形成的地质基础[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊1):19-31.
[4]朱光有,赵文智,梁英波.中国海相沉积盆地富气机理与天然气的成因探讨[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊):46-57.
[5]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波.中国海相碳酸盐岩气藏H2S形成的控制因素和预测方法[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊):115-125.
[6]李晋超,马永生,张大江,等.中国海相油气勘探若干重大科学问题[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5):1-2.
[7]金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):15-22.
[8]康玉柱.中国古生代海相油气田发现的回顾与启示[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):570-575.
[9]康玉柱.中国东北、华北、西部等地区古生界油气前景探讨[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(3):1-7.
[10]张水昌,梁狄刚,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地海相油气的生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[11]孙龙德.塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩与油气[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(4):10-15.
[12]杨海军,郝芳,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起断裂系统与复式油气聚集[J].地质科学,2007,42(4):795-811.
[13]张水昌,张宝民,王飞宇,等.中—上奥陶统:塔里木盆地的主要油源层[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(1-2):16-22.
[14]张水昌,张保民,王飞宇,等.塔里木盆地两套海相有效烃源层——Ⅰ.有机质性质、发育环境及控制因素[J].自然科学进展,2001,11(3):261-268.
[15]赵孟军,潘文庆,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地轮西地区奥陶系潜山油藏成藏过程及聚集模式[J].科学通报,2007,52(增Ⅰ):174-184.
[16]武芳芳,朱光有,张水昌,等.塔里木盆地油气疏导体系及对油气成藏的控制作用[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):332-341.
[17]刘静江,刘慧荣,谭琳,等.塔里木盆地轮南奥陶系古潜山油气成藏与分布[J].地质科学,2004,39(4):532-542.
[18]朱光有,张水昌,赵文智,等.中国稠油区浅层天然气地球化学特征与成因机制[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2007,37(增刊Ⅱ):80-89.
[19]蒋有录,查明.石油天然气地质与勘探[M].山东东营:中国石油大学版社,2006.
[20]周兴熙.初论碳酸盐岩网络状油气藏——以塔里木盆地轮南奥陶系潜山油藏为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(3):5-10.
[21]周兴熙.再论网络状油气藏与轮南潜山勘探对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):4-7.
[22]Zhu G Y,Zhang S C,Liang Y B,et al.Formation mecha-nism and controlling factors of natural gas reservoirs of the Jialingjiang formation in the east Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(5):805-816.
[23]张宝民,刘静江.中国岩溶储集层分类与特征及相关的理论问题[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):12-29.
[24]Fei Qi,Wang Xiepei.Significant role of structural frac-tures in Renqiu buried-hill oil field in eastern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,1984,68(8):971-982.
[25]鲁新便.岩溶缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层的非均质性[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(4):360-362.
[26]郭建华.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系潜山古岩溶及其所控制的储层非均质性[J].沉积学报,1993,11(1):56-64.
[27]朱光有,张水昌,王欢欢.等.塔里木盆地北部深层风化壳储层的形成与分布[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2384-2398.
[28]王琪,史基安,陈国俊,等.塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩环境特征及其对储层物性的控制作用[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):548-555.
[29]刘小平,孙冬胜,吴欣松.古岩溶地貌及其对岩溶储层的控制——以塔里木盆地轮古西地区奥陶系为例[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(3):265-268.
[30]Zhao W Z,Zhu G Y,Zhang S C.Relationship between the later strong gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bul-letin,2009,54(17):3076-3089.
[31]顾家裕.塔里木盆地轮南地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩岩溶储层特征及形成模式[J].古地理学报,1999,1(1):54-60.
[32]徐国强,李国蓉,刘树根,等.塔里木盆地早海西期多期次风化壳岩溶洞穴层[J].地质学报,2005,79(4):557-568.
[33]陈景山,李忠,王振宇,等.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩古岩溶作用于储层分布[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):858-868.
[34]刘静江,于志楠,黄倩,等.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩测试水性质[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3):305-307.
[35]朱蓉,楼章华,云露,等.塔河油田奥陶系油藏地层水赋存分布[J].地质科学.2008,43(2):228-237.
[36]蔡利学,闫相宾.从预探井失利因素看地震技术需求[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(5):31-33,50.
[37]赵雪凤,朱光有,刘钦甫,等.深部海相碳酸盐岩储层孔隙发育的主控因素研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):514-521.
[38]吕修祥,杨宁,周新源,等.塔里木盆地断裂活动对奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的影响[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2008,38(增刊1):48-54.
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