基于动电效应的岩芯渗透率实验测量
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摘要
根据孔隙介质的动电耦合理论设计了一套岩芯渗透率测量系统.实验采用交流锁相放大技术,在低频12～42 Hz范围内完成了砂岩岩样流动电势和电渗实验,得到了流动电势系数Ks和电渗压力系数K_E,进而计算出岩样动电渗透率,对于中、高渗透率岩样,测量得出的动电渗透率与常规气测渗透率差异较小,两者具有很好的相关性.实验表明,动电测量可作为岩样渗透率测量的一种方法,同时揭示了利用地层动电测井信号反演地层参数的可能性,实验结果对于分析天然地震动电效应也有参考意义.
An experimental test system is devised to measure the rock permeability on the basis of rock electrokinetic effects.By employing the AC lock-in technique,the streaming potential and electroosmosis pressure experiments are conducted at the low frequency range between 12 Hz and 42 Hz.The streaming potential coefficient K_S and electroosmotic pressure coefficient K_E are obtained.The rock permeability is then calculated from these coefficients and the measured conductivity of the rock based on the electrokinetic theory.For the middle and high permeability samples,there are little differences between the electrokinetic permeability and gas permeability, and there is a good correlation between them.This experimental study not only shows that rock permeability can be measured with the electrokinetic technique,but also reveals the possibility to inverse the formation parameters from electrokinetic well logging signals.The electrokinetic experiments are also useful for the understanding of earthquake-excited electric field.
An experimental test system is devised to measure the rock permeability on the basis of rock electrokinetic effects.By employing the AC lock-in technique,the streaming potential and electroosmosis pressure experiments are conducted at the low frequency range between 12 Hz and 42 Hz.The streaming potential coefficient K_S and electroosmotic pressure coefficient K_E are obtained.The rock permeability is then calculated from these coefficients and the measured conductivity of the rock based on the electrokinetic theory.For the middle and high permeability samples,there are little differences between the electrokinetic permeability and gas permeability, and there is a good correlation between them.This experimental study not only shows that rock permeability can be measured with the electrokinetic technique,but also reveals the possibility to inverse the formation parameters from electrokinetic well logging signals.The electrokinetic experiments are also useful for the understanding of earthquake-excited electric field.
引文
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[5] Pengra D B,Li S X,Wong P Z.Determination of rock properties by low-frequency AC electrokinetics.J.Geophys.Res.,1999,104:29485～29508
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[14] 石昆法.震电效应原理和初步实验结果.地球物理学报,2001,44(5) :720～728 Shi K F.Seismo-electric effect theory and preliminary experimental results.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5) :720～728
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[16] 胡恒山,刘家琦,王洪滨等.基于简化的Pride理论声电效应测井响应.地球物理学报,2003,46(2) :259～264 Hu H S,Liu J Q,Wang H B,et al.Simulation of acoustoelectric well logging based on simplified Pride equations.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(2) :259～264
[17] 崔志文.多孔介质声学模型与多极源声电效应测井和多极随钻声测井的理论与数值研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学,2004 Cui Z W.Theoretical and numerical study of modified Biot's models,acoustoelectric well logging and acoustic logging while drilling excited by multipole acoustic sources[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University,2004
[18] 关威,胡恒山,储昭坦.声诱导电磁场的赫兹矢量表示与多极声电测井模拟.物理学报,2006,55(1) :267～274 Guan W,Hu H S,Chu Z T.Formulation of the acousticallyinduced electromagnetic field in a porous formation in terms of Hertz vectors and simulation of the borehole electromagnetic field excited by an acoustic multipole source.Acta Physica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,55(1) :267～274
[19] Scheidegger A E.The Physics of Flow Through Porous Media.New York:MacMillan,1960
[20] 高永新,胡恒山.水平分层孔隙介质中点源激发的震电波场数值模拟及分析.地球物理学报,2009,52(8) :2093～2104 Gao Y X,Hu H S.Numerical simulation and analysis of seismoelectromagnetic wave field excited by a point source in layered porous media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(8) :2093～2104
[21] Morgan F D,Williams E R,Madden T R.Streaming potential of westerly granite with applications.J.Geophys.Res.,1989,94:12449～12461
[22] Korpi G K,DeBruyn P L.Measurements of streaming potentials.J.Colloid Interface Sci.,1971,40:263
[23] 高晋占.微弱信号检测.北京:清华大学出版社,2004 Gao J Z.Detection of Weak Signals(in Chinese).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004
[24] Johnson D L,Koplik J,Dashen R.Theory of dynamic permeability and tortuosity in fluid-saturated porous media.J.Fluid Mech.,1987,176:379～402
[25] Philip M R,Morgan F D,Lesmes D P,et al.Frequency dependent streaming potentials.J.Colloid Interface Sci.,2001,234:194～203
[2] 肖立志.核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1998 Xiao L Z.Magnetic Resonance Imaging Logging and Rock's Magnetic Resonance and Its Application(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1998
[3] Tang X M,Cheng C H.Fast inversion of formation permeability from Stoneley wave logs using a simplified Boit-Rosenbaum model.Geophysics,1996,61:639～645
[4] 李舟波.地球物理测井数据处理与综合解释.长春:吉林大学出版社,2003 Li Z B.Processing and Synthesis Interpretation of Geophysics well Logging Data(in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University Press,2003
[5] Pengra D B,Li S X,Wong P Z.Determination of rock properties by low-frequency AC electrokinetics.J.Geophys.Res.,1999,104:29485～29508
[6] Jiang Y G,Shan F K,Zhou L W.A method for measuring electrokinetic coefficients of porous media and its potential application in hydrocarbon exploration.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1998,25:1581 ～1584
[7] Pride S R.Governing equations for the coupled electromagnetics and acoustics of porous media.Phys.Rev.B.,1994,50:15678～15696
[8] Zhu Z,Haartsen M W,Toks(o|¨)z M N.Experimental studies of electrokinetic conversions in fluid-saturated borehole models.Geophysics,1999,64:1349～1356
[9] 胡恒山,王克协.井孔周围轴对称声电耦合波:理论(I).测井技术,1999,23(6) :427～432 Hu H S,Wang K X.Coupled acoustic and electromagnetic waves around a borehole embedded in a porous formation:Theory(I).Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),1999,23(6) :427～432
[10] 胡恒山,王克协.井孔周围轴对称声电耦合波:(Ⅱ)声电效应测井数值模拟.测井技术,2000,24(1) :3～13 Hu H S,Wang K X.Coupled acoustic and electromagnetic waves around a borehole embedded in a porous formation:Numerical simulation of acoustically induced fields(Ⅱ).Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),2000,24(1) :3～13
[11] Mikhailov O V,Queen J,Toks(o|¨)z M N.Using borehole electroseismic measurements to detect and characterize fractured(permeable)zones.Geophysics,2000,65:1098～1112
[12] 胡恒山,李长文,王克协等.声电效应测井模型实验研究.测井 技术,2001,25(2) :89～95 Hu H S,Li C W,Wang K X,et al.Experimental study on coupled acoustic and electromagnetic waves in model wells.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),2001,25(2) :89～95
[13] 刘洪,李幼铭.对利用震电效应勘探油气水的几点看法.石油物探,1994,33(2) :94～101 Liu H,Li Y M.Comments on exploring oil,gas and water using seismoelectric effects.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),1994,33(2) :94～101
[14] 石昆法.震电效应原理和初步实验结果.地球物理学报,2001,44(5) :720～728 Shi K F.Seismo-electric effect theory and preliminary experimental results.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5) :720～728
[15] 陈本池,牟永光,狄帮让.井中震电勘探模型实验研究.石油物探,2003,42(1) :35～38 Chen B C,Mu Y G,Di B R.Seismoelectric measurements in a borehole model.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2003,42(1) :35～38
[16] 胡恒山,刘家琦,王洪滨等.基于简化的Pride理论声电效应测井响应.地球物理学报,2003,46(2) :259～264 Hu H S,Liu J Q,Wang H B,et al.Simulation of acoustoelectric well logging based on simplified Pride equations.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(2) :259～264
[17] 崔志文.多孔介质声学模型与多极源声电效应测井和多极随钻声测井的理论与数值研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学,2004 Cui Z W.Theoretical and numerical study of modified Biot's models,acoustoelectric well logging and acoustic logging while drilling excited by multipole acoustic sources[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University,2004
[18] 关威,胡恒山,储昭坦.声诱导电磁场的赫兹矢量表示与多极声电测井模拟.物理学报,2006,55(1) :267～274 Guan W,Hu H S,Chu Z T.Formulation of the acousticallyinduced electromagnetic field in a porous formation in terms of Hertz vectors and simulation of the borehole electromagnetic field excited by an acoustic multipole source.Acta Physica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,55(1) :267～274
[19] Scheidegger A E.The Physics of Flow Through Porous Media.New York:MacMillan,1960
[20] 高永新,胡恒山.水平分层孔隙介质中点源激发的震电波场数值模拟及分析.地球物理学报,2009,52(8) :2093～2104 Gao Y X,Hu H S.Numerical simulation and analysis of seismoelectromagnetic wave field excited by a point source in layered porous media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(8) :2093～2104
[21] Morgan F D,Williams E R,Madden T R.Streaming potential of westerly granite with applications.J.Geophys.Res.,1989,94:12449～12461
[22] Korpi G K,DeBruyn P L.Measurements of streaming potentials.J.Colloid Interface Sci.,1971,40:263
[23] 高晋占.微弱信号检测.北京:清华大学出版社,2004 Gao J Z.Detection of Weak Signals(in Chinese).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004
[24] Johnson D L,Koplik J,Dashen R.Theory of dynamic permeability and tortuosity in fluid-saturated porous media.J.Fluid Mech.,1987,176:379～402
[25] Philip M R,Morgan F D,Lesmes D P,et al.Frequency dependent streaming potentials.J.Colloid Interface Sci.,2001,234:194～203
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