港口海浪安全数值模拟方法
摘要
在特定条件下海浪会在海湾内发生共振效应,与海湾本身的地形和固有频率有关,当入射波与此频率相近或具有倍数关系时,共振效应导致的波高放大会带来严重危害.传统的理论研究方法只能对规则形状的港口进行考察,本文将地震海啸和平面入射波的数值模拟结合频谱分析方法应用于考察港口海浪安全.利用浅水波方程和有限差分方法,建立了海浪传播的数值模型,用来模拟港口中的波浪行为.针对模拟结果的时间序列做频谱分析研究其共振效应,得出港口中特定点的敏感频率.数值模拟的结果结合当地的波浪观测历史数据可以在未来对港口及其周边区域潜在的灾害分布做出评估.
引文
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2Fukao Y.Tsunami earthquakes and subduction processes near deep-sea trenches.J Geophys Res,1979,84:2303-2314
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4Lynett P,Liu P L F.A numerical study of the run-up generated by three-dimensional landslides.J Geophys Res-Oceans,2005,110:C03006
5Saito T,Furumura T.Three-dimensional simulation of tsunami generation and propagation:Application to intraplate events.J Geophys Res,2009,114:B02307
6Greenslade D,Titov V.A Comparison study of two numerical tsunami forecasting systems.Pure Appl Geophys,2008,165:1991-2001
7Kirby J T,Dalrymple R A.An approximate model for nonlinear dispersion in monochromatic wave propagation models.Coastal Engineering,1986,9:545-561
8Titov V V,Gonzalez F I,Bernard E N,et al.Real-time tsunami forecasting:Challenges and solutions.Nat Hazards,2005,35:41-58
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10Escher J.Wave breaking and shock waves for a periodic shallow water equation.Philos Trans R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,2007,365:2281-2289
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12Li B.Wave equations for regular and irregular water wave propagation.J Waterw Port C-Asce,2008,134:121-142
13Huang H.A review of coastal wave modeling.Adv Mech,2001,31:592-610
14Group T W.The WAM Model:A third generation ocean wave prediction model.J Phys Oceanogr,1988,18:1775-1810
15Komen G J,Cavaleri L,Donelan M,et al.Dynamic and Modelling of Ocean Waves.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1994
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17Koh H L,Teh S Y,Liu P L F,et al.Simulation of Andaman2004tsunami for assessing impact on Malaysia.J Asian Earth Sci,2009,36:74-83
18Titov V V,Synolakis C E.Extreme inundation flows during the Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki tsunami.Geophys Res Lett,1997,24:1315
19Imamura F,Shuto N,Goto C.Numerical simulations of the transoceanic propagation of tsunamis.In:Proceedings of the Sixth Congress Asian and Pacific Regional Division,IAHR.Kyoto,Japan.1988.265-272
20Liu P L F,Woo S B,Cho Y S.COMCOT User Manual Version1.6,2007
21Fuji Y,Satake K.Tsunami source of the2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake inferred from tide gauge and satellite data.Bull Seismol Soc Am,2007,97:S192-S207
22Satake K.Inversion of Tsunami waveforms for the estimation of heterogeneous fault motion of large submarine earthquakes:The1968Tokachi-Oki and1983Japan sea earthquakes.J Geophys Res,1989,94:5627-5636
23Baba T,Cummins P R,Hori T,et al.High precision slip distribution of the1944Tonankai earthquake inferred from tsunami waveforms:Possible slip on a splay fault.Tectonophysics,2006,426:119-134
24Geist E L,Titov V V,Arcas D,et al.Implications of the26December2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on tsunami forecast and assessment models for great subduction-zone earthquakes.Bull Seismol Soc Am,2007,97:S249-S270
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26Yee H C,Warming R F,Harten A.Implicit total variation diminishing(TVD)schemes for steady-state calculations.J Comput Phys,1985,57:327
27Brezina M,Falgout R,Maclachlan S et al.Adaptive smoothed aggregation(?SA multigrid).SIAM Review,2005,47:317-346
28Adams Mark F.Algebraic multigrid methods for constrained linear systems with applications to contact problems in solid mechanics.Numer Linear Algebra Appl,2004,11:141-153
29Wei Y,Mao X Z,Cheung K F.Well-balanced finite-volume model for long-wave runup.J Waterw Port Coast Ocean Eng-ASCE,2006,132:114-124
30Piatanesi A,Lorito S.Rupture process of the2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from tsunami waveform inversion.Bull Seismol Soc Am,2007,97:S223-S231
31Liu Y,Santos A,Wang S M,et al.Tsunami hazards along Chinese coast from potential earthquakes in South China Sea.Phys Earth Planet In,2007,163:233-244
32Palma E D,Matano R P.Dynamical impacts associated with radiation boundary conditions.J Sea Res,2001,46:117-132
33Marchesiello P,McWilliams J C,Shchepetkin A.Open boundary conditions for long-term integration of regional oceanic models.Ocean Model,2001,3:1-20
34Carter G S,Merrifield M A.Open boundary conditions for regional tidal simulations.Ocean Model,2007,18:194-209
35Zhang H,Shi Y L,Yuen D A,et al.Modeling and visualization of tsunamis.Pure Appl Geophys,2008,165:475-496
36Snieder R.A Guided Tour of Mathematical Methods.2ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004
37Stoneley R.The propagation of tsunamis.Geophys J R Astron Soc,1964,8:64-81
2Fukao Y.Tsunami earthquakes and subduction processes near deep-sea trenches.J Geophys Res,1979,84:2303-2314
3Kervella Y,Dutykh D,Dias F.Comparison between three-dimensional linear and nonlinear tsunami generation models.Theor Comput Fluid Dyn,2007,21:245-269
4Lynett P,Liu P L F.A numerical study of the run-up generated by three-dimensional landslides.J Geophys Res-Oceans,2005,110:C03006
5Saito T,Furumura T.Three-dimensional simulation of tsunami generation and propagation:Application to intraplate events.J Geophys Res,2009,114:B02307
6Greenslade D,Titov V.A Comparison study of two numerical tsunami forecasting systems.Pure Appl Geophys,2008,165:1991-2001
7Kirby J T,Dalrymple R A.An approximate model for nonlinear dispersion in monochromatic wave propagation models.Coastal Engineering,1986,9:545-561
8Titov V V,Gonzalez F I,Bernard E N,et al.Real-time tsunami forecasting:Challenges and solutions.Nat Hazards,2005,35:41-58
9Cavaleri L,Alves J,Ardhuin F,et al.Wave modelling-The state of the art.Prog Oceanogr,2007,75:603-674
10Escher J.Wave breaking and shock waves for a periodic shallow water equation.Philos Trans R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,2007,365:2281-2289
11Hamm L,Madsen P A,Peregrine D H.Wave transformation in the nearshore zone-A review.Coast Eng,1993,21:5-39
12Li B.Wave equations for regular and irregular water wave propagation.J Waterw Port C-Asce,2008,134:121-142
13Huang H.A review of coastal wave modeling.Adv Mech,2001,31:592-610
14Group T W.The WAM Model:A third generation ocean wave prediction model.J Phys Oceanogr,1988,18:1775-1810
15Komen G J,Cavaleri L,Donelan M,et al.Dynamic and Modelling of Ocean Waves.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1994
16Okada Y.Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bull Seismol Soc Am,1985,75:1135-1154
17Koh H L,Teh S Y,Liu P L F,et al.Simulation of Andaman2004tsunami for assessing impact on Malaysia.J Asian Earth Sci,2009,36:74-83
18Titov V V,Synolakis C E.Extreme inundation flows during the Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki tsunami.Geophys Res Lett,1997,24:1315
19Imamura F,Shuto N,Goto C.Numerical simulations of the transoceanic propagation of tsunamis.In:Proceedings of the Sixth Congress Asian and Pacific Regional Division,IAHR.Kyoto,Japan.1988.265-272
20Liu P L F,Woo S B,Cho Y S.COMCOT User Manual Version1.6,2007
21Fuji Y,Satake K.Tsunami source of the2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake inferred from tide gauge and satellite data.Bull Seismol Soc Am,2007,97:S192-S207
22Satake K.Inversion of Tsunami waveforms for the estimation of heterogeneous fault motion of large submarine earthquakes:The1968Tokachi-Oki and1983Japan sea earthquakes.J Geophys Res,1989,94:5627-5636
23Baba T,Cummins P R,Hori T,et al.High precision slip distribution of the1944Tonankai earthquake inferred from tsunami waveforms:Possible slip on a splay fault.Tectonophysics,2006,426:119-134
24Geist E L,Titov V V,Arcas D,et al.Implications of the26December2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on tsunami forecast and assessment models for great subduction-zone earthquakes.Bull Seismol Soc Am,2007,97:S249-S270
25McWilliams J C.Fundamentals of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics.Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,University of California,2006
26Yee H C,Warming R F,Harten A.Implicit total variation diminishing(TVD)schemes for steady-state calculations.J Comput Phys,1985,57:327
27Brezina M,Falgout R,Maclachlan S et al.Adaptive smoothed aggregation(?SA multigrid).SIAM Review,2005,47:317-346
28Adams Mark F.Algebraic multigrid methods for constrained linear systems with applications to contact problems in solid mechanics.Numer Linear Algebra Appl,2004,11:141-153
29Wei Y,Mao X Z,Cheung K F.Well-balanced finite-volume model for long-wave runup.J Waterw Port Coast Ocean Eng-ASCE,2006,132:114-124
30Piatanesi A,Lorito S.Rupture process of the2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from tsunami waveform inversion.Bull Seismol Soc Am,2007,97:S223-S231
31Liu Y,Santos A,Wang S M,et al.Tsunami hazards along Chinese coast from potential earthquakes in South China Sea.Phys Earth Planet In,2007,163:233-244
32Palma E D,Matano R P.Dynamical impacts associated with radiation boundary conditions.J Sea Res,2001,46:117-132
33Marchesiello P,McWilliams J C,Shchepetkin A.Open boundary conditions for long-term integration of regional oceanic models.Ocean Model,2001,3:1-20
34Carter G S,Merrifield M A.Open boundary conditions for regional tidal simulations.Ocean Model,2007,18:194-209
35Zhang H,Shi Y L,Yuen D A,et al.Modeling and visualization of tsunamis.Pure Appl Geophys,2008,165:475-496
36Snieder R.A Guided Tour of Mathematical Methods.2ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004
37Stoneley R.The propagation of tsunamis.Geophys J R Astron Soc,1964,8:64-81
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