海啸波近岸共振响应的数值模拟及分析
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摘要
应用有限差分方法求解非线性浅水长波方程,建立了海啸波产生和传播的二维数值模型;对太平洋地震引起的夏威夷群岛海啸波进行模拟,并将模拟结果和测站实测值进行比较,验证了模型的正确性。利用快速傅里叶变换对数值模拟结果进行谱分析,得到整个计算区域的能量谱分布,并给出了发生能量聚集的位置及相应的谱峰周期。讨论了海啸波传播到近岸时可能产生的共振响应现象,发现海啸波和近岸的共振响应不仅与近岸复杂地形有关,还与海啸波传播到近岸时的波浪入射方向有关。
A two-dimensional numerical model of tsunami generation and propagation has been established by discretization of the non-linear shallow water long wave equation with the finite difference method.Tsunami waves around Hawaii islands due to Pacific earthquake were reconstructed and simulated.The simulated results show a good agreement with the data observed by tide gauge.After validation,the spectral distribution of the whole computed domain was analyzed with the Fast Fourier Transform on the simulations.Localities with strong amplification and the corresponding peak periods were revealed.The comparison with resonance from the two different directions of tsunamis shows that the resonance patterns are associated with the topographic features and the incident direction of tsunami waves.
A two-dimensional numerical model of tsunami generation and propagation has been established by discretization of the non-linear shallow water long wave equation with the finite difference method.Tsunami waves around Hawaii islands due to Pacific earthquake were reconstructed and simulated.The simulated results show a good agreement with the data observed by tide gauge.After validation,the spectral distribution of the whole computed domain was analyzed with the Fast Fourier Transform on the simulations.Localities with strong amplification and the corresponding peak periods were revealed.The comparison with resonance from the two different directions of tsunamis shows that the resonance patterns are associated with the topographic features and the incident direction of tsunami waves.
引文
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[8]Rabinovich A B.Spectral analysis of tsunami waves:separation of source and topography effects[J].Jour-nal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(C6):12663-12676.
[9]Munger S,Cheung K F.Resonance in Hawaii watersfrom the 2006 Kuril Islands tsunami[J].GeophysicalResearch Letters,2008,(35):1-7.
[10]Wang X.Numerical modelling of surface and internalwaves over shallow and intermediate water[D].NewYork:Cornell University,2008.
[11]Okada Y.Surface deformation due to shear and ten-sile faults in a half space[J].Bulletin of the Seismo-logical Society of America,1985,75(4):1135-1154.
[12]Hudgins L,Friehe C A,Mayer M E.Wavelet trans-forms and atmospheric turbulence[J].Physical Re-view Letters,1993,(71):3279-3282.
[2]姚远,蔡树群,王盛安.海啸波数值模拟的研究现状[J].海洋科学进展,2007,25(4):488-494.Yao Y,Cai S Q,Wang S A.Present status of studyon numerical simulation of tsunami wave[J].Ad-vances in Marine Science,2007,25(4):488-494.
[3]Wei Y,Mao X Z,Cheung K F.Well-balanced finitevolume model for longwave runup[J].Journal of Wa-terway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,2005,132(2):114-124.
[4]李伟,朱元清,王本龙,等.海啸在冲绳海槽和东海浅水大陆架地形上产生和传播的数值模拟[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2007,28(5):138-142.Li W,Zhu Y Q,Wang B L,et al.The numericalsimulation of tsunamis wave on Okinawa trough andcontinental shelf of the East China Sea[J].Seismo-logical and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2007,28(5):138-142.
[5]温瑞智,任叶飞,周正华.近场海啸数值模拟初步研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2007,27(增):447-450.Wen R Z,Ren Y F,Zhou Z H.Preliminary numericalsimulation of tsunami in near field[J].Journal of Di-saster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2007,27(S):447-450.
[6]黄永林,高俊锁.苏沪浙海岸的地震海啸增水[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2008,28(2):177-183.Huang Y L,Gao J S.Study on sea level uplift duringtsunami along coast of Jiangsu-Shanghai-Zhejiang area[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and MitigationEngineering,2008,28(2):177-183.
[7]Houston J R.Interaction of tsunamis with the Hawai-ian Islands calculated by a finite-element numericalmodel[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,1978,(8):93-102.
[8]Rabinovich A B.Spectral analysis of tsunami waves:separation of source and topography effects[J].Jour-nal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(C6):12663-12676.
[9]Munger S,Cheung K F.Resonance in Hawaii watersfrom the 2006 Kuril Islands tsunami[J].GeophysicalResearch Letters,2008,(35):1-7.
[10]Wang X.Numerical modelling of surface and internalwaves over shallow and intermediate water[D].NewYork:Cornell University,2008.
[11]Okada Y.Surface deformation due to shear and ten-sile faults in a half space[J].Bulletin of the Seismo-logical Society of America,1985,75(4):1135-1154.
[12]Hudgins L,Friehe C A,Mayer M E.Wavelet trans-forms and atmospheric turbulence[J].Physical Re-view Letters,1993,(71):3279-3282.
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