大容量气枪震源及其波形特征
|
摘要
大容量低频组合气枪震源已成功应用于南海北部海陆联测实验及陆上水库实验,其信号传播最远距离可达255km.为了探讨气枪信号的波形特征,从广东省地震台网数据中选择了台基相同、震级与震中距相近的珠海台的地震记录,将气枪震源、天然地震和爆破三种震源的波形特征进行了对比分析,结果表明,气枪信号特征明显,信号主频4~8Hz,振幅±0.15μm·s-1,波形一般具有3~5个峰值,并随时间有规律变化,易于准确识别.实验探测结果说明,这种能量强、重复性好、探测精度高、绿色环保的枪阵组合震源可广泛应用于海洋与陆地深部结构研究.
The large volume air-gun sources have been successfully applied in onshore-offshore seismic experiments in northern South China Sea, and in a reservoir located in Hebei Province. The permanent stations can receive the seismic signals from the air-gun sources as far as 255 km away. The seismic waveform characters are easily identified comparing with the waveforms of natural earthquake and explosion of similar magnitude. The air-gun signals usually have 4～8 Hz dominant frequency, 3～5 wave peaks, ±0.15 μm·s ~ -1 amplitude, and distributed at regular time-intervals. And this kind of air-gun sources have many advantages, such as high energy, high repeatability of firing, high S/N ratio, and environmental protection. The above characters indicate that the new 1500 LL air-gun sources are very suitable for studying continental and oceanic crustal structures.
The large volume air-gun sources have been successfully applied in onshore-offshore seismic experiments in northern South China Sea, and in a reservoir located in Hebei Province. The permanent stations can receive the seismic signals from the air-gun sources as far as 255 km away. The seismic waveform characters are easily identified comparing with the waveforms of natural earthquake and explosion of similar magnitude. The air-gun signals usually have 4～8 Hz dominant frequency, 3～5 wave peaks, ±0.15 μm·s ~ -1 amplitude, and distributed at regular time-intervals. And this kind of air-gun sources have many advantages, such as high energy, high repeatability of firing, high S/N ratio, and environmental protection. The above characters indicate that the new 1500 LL air-gun sources are very suitable for studying continental and oceanic crustal structures.
引文
[1]陈,朱日祥.设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议.地球科学进展,2005,20(5):485~489Chen Y,Zhu RX.Proposed project of“Underground Bright Lump”.Adv.Earth Sci.(in Chinese),2005,20(5):485~489
[2]Qiu XL,Chen Y,Zhu R X,et al.The application of large volume airgun sources to the onshore-offshore seismic surveys:Implication fromthe experimental results in northern South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(4):553~560
[3]周宝华,刘威北.气枪震源的发展与使用分析(上).物探装备,1998,8(1):1~6Zhou B H,Liu WB.The development and application of air-gun source(1).Equip.Geophys.Prosp.(in Chinese),1998,8(1):1~6
[4]周宝华,刘威北.气枪震源的发展与使用分析(下).物探装备,1998,8(2):1~5Zhou B H,Liu WB.The development and application of air-gun source(2).Equip.Geophys.Prosp.(in Chinese),1998,8(2):1~5
[5]Dragoset B.Introductionto air guns and air-gun arrays.The Leading Edge,2000,19(8):892~897
[6]Nazareth J J,Clayton R W.Crustal structure of the Borderland-Continent Transition Zone of southern California adjacent to Los Angeles.JGR,2003,108(B8),2404,doi:10.1029/2001JB000223
[7]McIntosh K,Nakamura Y,Wang TK,et al.Crustal-scale seismic profiles across Taiwan and the western Philippine Sea.Tectonophysics,2005,401:23~54
[8]Melhuish A,Holbrook WS,Davey F,et al.Crustal and upper mantle seismic structure of the Australian Plate,South Island,New Zealand.Tectonophysics,2005,395:113~135
[9]Van Avendonk HJ A,Holbrook WS,Okaya D,et al.Continental crust under compression:Aseismic refraction study of South Island Geophysical Transect I,South Island,New Zealand.JGR,2004,109(B06302),doi:10.1029/2003JB002790
[10]Qiu XL,Zhao MH,Ye C M,et al.Ocean bottomseismometer and onshore-offshore seismic experiment in northeastern South China Sea.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2004,28(1):28~35
[11]沈萍,郑治真.瞬态谱在地震与核爆识别中的应用.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):233~240Shen P,Zheng Z Z.Application of transient spectrum to discrimination of nuclear explosions and earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):233~240
[12]夏爱国,刘贤伦.利用乌鲁木齐遥测地震台记录识别人工爆破与地震.内陆地震,2002,16(4):337~345Xia AG,Liu XL.Recognition of artificial explosion and earthquake using the records at the Urumqi digital telemetry seismic station.Inland Earthquake(in Chinese),2002,16(4):337~345
[13]刘希强,沈萍,张玲等.用小波变换能量线性度方法识别天然地震与爆破或塌方.西北地震学报,2003,25(3):204~209Liu X Q,Shen P,Zhang L,et al.Using method of energylinearity in wavelet transformto distinguish explosion or collapse fromnature earthquake.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),2003,25(3):204~209
[14]林伟,吴叔坤,陈杏.广东非天然地震的特征与识别.华南地震,2004,24(1):35~43Lin W,Wu S K,Chen X.Characteristics and identifying for non-natural earthquakes in Guangdong.South China Journal of Seismology(in Chinese),2004,24(1):35~43
[15]宋杰,任寰,袁海良.地震波形与爆破波形的比较.四川地震,2004,4:25~46Song J,Ren H,Yuan H L.Compare between earthquake and explosion waves.Earthquake Research in Shichuan(in Chinese),2004,4:25~46
[16]王登伟.遥测地震台网对人工爆破与天然地震的判定.四川地震,2004,4:29~32Wand D W.Wave distinction between explosions and earthquakes recorded in Telemeter Seismic Network of Xichang.Earthquake Researchin Sichuan(in Chinese),2004,4:29~32
[17]张萍,蒋秀琴,苗春兰等.爆破、矿震与地震的波谱差异.地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(3):24~34Zhang P,Jiang X Q,Miao C L,et al.The differences of wave spectrum among explosion,mine tremor and earthquake.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2005,26(3):24~34
[18]马跃军.BOLT气枪震源工作系统故障分析与应用的探讨.物探装备,2002,12(2):117~120Ma YJ.Application and trouble shooting of BOLTair gun seismic source.Equip.Geophys.Prosp.(in Chinese),2002,12(2):117~120
[19]杨怀春,高生军.海洋地震勘探中空气枪震源激发特性研究.石油物探,2004,43(4):323~327Yang HC,Gao SJ.The signatures of seismic wavelet excited by air guns in marine seismic survey.Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(4):323~327
[20]牟磊育,白永福,张伟等.利用功率谱检测气枪信号.地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(5):95~99Mu L Y,Bai YF,Zhang W,et al.The detection air gun signal by use of power spectrum method.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2005,26(5):95~99
[21]何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用.北京:地质出版社,2001.52~77He H Y.The Marine High Resolution Seismic Technique and its Applications(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2001.52~77
[22]赵秀鹏.海洋气枪震源组合及子波模拟.油气地质与采收率,2004,11(4):36~38Zhao X P.Marine air gun array source and wavelet simulation.PetroleumGeology and Recovery Efficiency(in Chinese),2004,11(4):36~38
[23]陈,张先康,丘学林等.陆地人工激发地震波的一种新方法.科学通报,2007,52(11):1317~1321Chen Y,Zhang X K,Qiu XL,et al.Anewwayto generate seismic waves for continental crustal exploration.Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(16):2264~2268
[24]葛洪魁,林建民,王宝善等.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):864~870Ge HK,Lin J M,Wang B S,et al.Afield experiment study of improving the seismic detectability with coded source.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):864~870
[25]Chen AT,Nakamura Y.Velocity structure beneath eastern offshore of southern Taiwan based on OBS data and its tectonic significance.TAO,1998,9(3):409~424
[26]张志荣,赵庆献,罗文造.可变阵列震源在海洋“探宝号”地震调查船上的应用.气象水文海洋仪器,2005,(1):29~32Zhang Z R,Zhao Q X,Luo W Z.application of variable array hypocenter in ocean“tan bao hao”earthquake investigation ship.Meteorological Hydrological and Marine Instrument(in Chinese),2005,(1):29~32
[27]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明等.南海东北部海陆联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845~852Zhao MH,Qiu X L,Ye C M,et al.An analysis on deep crustal structure alongthe onshore-offshore seismic profile across the Binhai(Littoral)Fault Zone in NESouth China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):845~852
[28]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉等.香港与珠三角地区海陆联测地震数据处理及分析初步结果.热带海洋学报,2007,26(1):35~38Xia S H,Qiu X L,Zhao MH,et al.Data processing of onshore-offshore seismic experiment in Hongkong and Zhujiang River Delta region.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),2007,26(1):35~38
[29]R E谢里夫,LP吉尔达特编.勘探地震学(第二版).初英,李承楚,王宏伟等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1999Sheriff R E,Geldart LP.Exploration Seismology(2nd Edition)(in Chinese).Translated by Chu Y,Li C C,Wang H W,et al.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1999
[2]Qiu XL,Chen Y,Zhu R X,et al.The application of large volume airgun sources to the onshore-offshore seismic surveys:Implication fromthe experimental results in northern South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(4):553~560
[3]周宝华,刘威北.气枪震源的发展与使用分析(上).物探装备,1998,8(1):1~6Zhou B H,Liu WB.The development and application of air-gun source(1).Equip.Geophys.Prosp.(in Chinese),1998,8(1):1~6
[4]周宝华,刘威北.气枪震源的发展与使用分析(下).物探装备,1998,8(2):1~5Zhou B H,Liu WB.The development and application of air-gun source(2).Equip.Geophys.Prosp.(in Chinese),1998,8(2):1~5
[5]Dragoset B.Introductionto air guns and air-gun arrays.The Leading Edge,2000,19(8):892~897
[6]Nazareth J J,Clayton R W.Crustal structure of the Borderland-Continent Transition Zone of southern California adjacent to Los Angeles.JGR,2003,108(B8),2404,doi:10.1029/2001JB000223
[7]McIntosh K,Nakamura Y,Wang TK,et al.Crustal-scale seismic profiles across Taiwan and the western Philippine Sea.Tectonophysics,2005,401:23~54
[8]Melhuish A,Holbrook WS,Davey F,et al.Crustal and upper mantle seismic structure of the Australian Plate,South Island,New Zealand.Tectonophysics,2005,395:113~135
[9]Van Avendonk HJ A,Holbrook WS,Okaya D,et al.Continental crust under compression:Aseismic refraction study of South Island Geophysical Transect I,South Island,New Zealand.JGR,2004,109(B06302),doi:10.1029/2003JB002790
[10]Qiu XL,Zhao MH,Ye C M,et al.Ocean bottomseismometer and onshore-offshore seismic experiment in northeastern South China Sea.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2004,28(1):28~35
[11]沈萍,郑治真.瞬态谱在地震与核爆识别中的应用.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):233~240Shen P,Zheng Z Z.Application of transient spectrum to discrimination of nuclear explosions and earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):233~240
[12]夏爱国,刘贤伦.利用乌鲁木齐遥测地震台记录识别人工爆破与地震.内陆地震,2002,16(4):337~345Xia AG,Liu XL.Recognition of artificial explosion and earthquake using the records at the Urumqi digital telemetry seismic station.Inland Earthquake(in Chinese),2002,16(4):337~345
[13]刘希强,沈萍,张玲等.用小波变换能量线性度方法识别天然地震与爆破或塌方.西北地震学报,2003,25(3):204~209Liu X Q,Shen P,Zhang L,et al.Using method of energylinearity in wavelet transformto distinguish explosion or collapse fromnature earthquake.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),2003,25(3):204~209
[14]林伟,吴叔坤,陈杏.广东非天然地震的特征与识别.华南地震,2004,24(1):35~43Lin W,Wu S K,Chen X.Characteristics and identifying for non-natural earthquakes in Guangdong.South China Journal of Seismology(in Chinese),2004,24(1):35~43
[15]宋杰,任寰,袁海良.地震波形与爆破波形的比较.四川地震,2004,4:25~46Song J,Ren H,Yuan H L.Compare between earthquake and explosion waves.Earthquake Research in Shichuan(in Chinese),2004,4:25~46
[16]王登伟.遥测地震台网对人工爆破与天然地震的判定.四川地震,2004,4:29~32Wand D W.Wave distinction between explosions and earthquakes recorded in Telemeter Seismic Network of Xichang.Earthquake Researchin Sichuan(in Chinese),2004,4:29~32
[17]张萍,蒋秀琴,苗春兰等.爆破、矿震与地震的波谱差异.地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(3):24~34Zhang P,Jiang X Q,Miao C L,et al.The differences of wave spectrum among explosion,mine tremor and earthquake.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2005,26(3):24~34
[18]马跃军.BOLT气枪震源工作系统故障分析与应用的探讨.物探装备,2002,12(2):117~120Ma YJ.Application and trouble shooting of BOLTair gun seismic source.Equip.Geophys.Prosp.(in Chinese),2002,12(2):117~120
[19]杨怀春,高生军.海洋地震勘探中空气枪震源激发特性研究.石油物探,2004,43(4):323~327Yang HC,Gao SJ.The signatures of seismic wavelet excited by air guns in marine seismic survey.Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(4):323~327
[20]牟磊育,白永福,张伟等.利用功率谱检测气枪信号.地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(5):95~99Mu L Y,Bai YF,Zhang W,et al.The detection air gun signal by use of power spectrum method.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2005,26(5):95~99
[21]何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用.北京:地质出版社,2001.52~77He H Y.The Marine High Resolution Seismic Technique and its Applications(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2001.52~77
[22]赵秀鹏.海洋气枪震源组合及子波模拟.油气地质与采收率,2004,11(4):36~38Zhao X P.Marine air gun array source and wavelet simulation.PetroleumGeology and Recovery Efficiency(in Chinese),2004,11(4):36~38
[23]陈,张先康,丘学林等.陆地人工激发地震波的一种新方法.科学通报,2007,52(11):1317~1321Chen Y,Zhang X K,Qiu XL,et al.Anewwayto generate seismic waves for continental crustal exploration.Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(16):2264~2268
[24]葛洪魁,林建民,王宝善等.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):864~870Ge HK,Lin J M,Wang B S,et al.Afield experiment study of improving the seismic detectability with coded source.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):864~870
[25]Chen AT,Nakamura Y.Velocity structure beneath eastern offshore of southern Taiwan based on OBS data and its tectonic significance.TAO,1998,9(3):409~424
[26]张志荣,赵庆献,罗文造.可变阵列震源在海洋“探宝号”地震调查船上的应用.气象水文海洋仪器,2005,(1):29~32Zhang Z R,Zhao Q X,Luo W Z.application of variable array hypocenter in ocean“tan bao hao”earthquake investigation ship.Meteorological Hydrological and Marine Instrument(in Chinese),2005,(1):29~32
[27]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明等.南海东北部海陆联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845~852Zhao MH,Qiu X L,Ye C M,et al.An analysis on deep crustal structure alongthe onshore-offshore seismic profile across the Binhai(Littoral)Fault Zone in NESouth China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):845~852
[28]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉等.香港与珠三角地区海陆联测地震数据处理及分析初步结果.热带海洋学报,2007,26(1):35~38Xia S H,Qiu X L,Zhao MH,et al.Data processing of onshore-offshore seismic experiment in Hongkong and Zhujiang River Delta region.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),2007,26(1):35~38
[29]R E谢里夫,LP吉尔达特编.勘探地震学(第二版).初英,李承楚,王宏伟等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1999Sheriff R E,Geldart LP.Exploration Seismology(2nd Edition)(in Chinese).Translated by Chu Y,Li C C,Wang H W,et al.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1999
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心