皖北新元古界软沉积物液化变形-塌落叠合构造的古地震成因研究
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摘要
在皖北新元古界四十里长山组下部粉砂岩层中,发育有一个软沉积物液化变形-塌落叠合构造。观测剖面共分为三部分:下部为啸积砾岩未变形层,中部为液化均一层、球枕状层和塌落叠合层,上部为震积不整合面,不整合面之上为啸积砾岩未变形层。共同构成一个完整的地震-海啸震积岩序列。中部的液化均一层、球枕状层和塌落叠合层是震积事件的主旋回层。对剖面特征及成因机理研究分析后发现,该剖面位于浅海陆棚边缘斜坡相带。在古地震多旋回脉动震颤作用下,经液化均一变形,负载体下沉滑覆及盖层塌落多重叠合,最终形成具有软沉积物变形特征的叠合构造。四十里长山组沉积期,位于浅海陆棚边缘斜坡地带的粉砂质软沉积物,为震颤变形的能量转化提供了物质基础。而强地震的多旋回脉动作用,给软沉积物液化均一变形、负载体下沉滑覆、盖层塌落叠合等提供了原动力。
Liquefaction deformation-slump composite structures of soft-sediments are developed in the bottom siltstone layer of Neoproterozoic Sishilichangshan Formation in northern Anhui Province. Detailed observation reveals that this section can be divided into three parts. The lower part is a tsunamite layer with no deformation, the middle part is a composite structure which includes liquefaction homogeneous layer, ball-pillow-like layer and slump composite layer, and the upper part is a seismic unconformity layer covered with tsunamite undeformed layer. These parts form a complete earthquake-tsunami seismites sequence, with the middle composite structure being the main cycle layer in this seismites event. Based on an analysis of section characteristics and formation mechanism, the authors found that the section is located in the shallow continental shelf margin of the slope facies. In the paleoseismic multicycle and pulsed tremor, the liquefied homogeneous deformation, load stem subsidence and caprock collapse experienced multiple superimposition, and all these factors ultimately formed a composite structure with soft-sediment deformation features. The powder sandy soft sediments in the shallow continental shelf margin of the slope zone provided the material foundation for tremor deformation energy conversion in Sishilichangshan Formation sediment period. The multicycle pulse of a strong earthquake provided the drivingforce for the soft sediment liquefaction uniform deformation, load stem subsidence, caprock collapse and superimposition.
Liquefaction deformation-slump composite structures of soft-sediments are developed in the bottom siltstone layer of Neoproterozoic Sishilichangshan Formation in northern Anhui Province. Detailed observation reveals that this section can be divided into three parts. The lower part is a tsunamite layer with no deformation, the middle part is a composite structure which includes liquefaction homogeneous layer, ball-pillow-like layer and slump composite layer, and the upper part is a seismic unconformity layer covered with tsunamite undeformed layer. These parts form a complete earthquake-tsunami seismites sequence, with the middle composite structure being the main cycle layer in this seismites event. Based on an analysis of section characteristics and formation mechanism, the authors found that the section is located in the shallow continental shelf margin of the slope facies. In the paleoseismic multicycle and pulsed tremor, the liquefied homogeneous deformation, load stem subsidence and caprock collapse experienced multiple superimposition, and all these factors ultimately formed a composite structure with soft-sediment deformation features. The powder sandy soft sediments in the shallow continental shelf margin of the slope zone provided the material foundation for tremor deformation energy conversion in Sishilichangshan Formation sediment period. The multicycle pulse of a strong earthquake provided the drivingforce for the soft sediment liquefaction uniform deformation, load stem subsidence, caprock collapse and superimposition.
引文
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潘国强,刘家润,孔庆友,吴俊奇,张庆龙,曾家湖,刘道忠.2000.徐宿地区震旦纪地质事件及其成因讨论[J].高校地质学报,6(4):566-575.
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乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,李海兵,彭阳,张传恒,章雨旭.2006.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社.
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乔秀夫.1996.中国震积岩的研究与展望[J].地质论评,42(4):317-320.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震一海啸序列[J].科学通报,33(8):609-611.
田洪水,李洪奎,王金光,郭广军,张增奇.2007.沂沭断裂带及其近区的地震成因岩石新认识[J].地球学报,28(5):496-505.
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DU Yuan-sheng,SHI G,GONG Yi-ming,XU Ya-jun.2007.Per-mian Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures Related to Earth-quake in the Southern Sydney Basin,Eastern Australia[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,81(4):511-518(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
FENG Xian-yue.1989.Study on the deformation caused by seismicvibrational liquefaction[J].Inland Earthquake,3(4):209-307(in Chinese with English abstract).
JIA Zhi-hai,HONG Tian-qiu,ZHENG Wen-wu,LI Shuang-ying.2003.The characters and environments of the seismites of theneoproterzoic Wangshan Formation in North Anhui[J].Journalof Stratigraphy,27(2):146-158(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
LI Shuang-ying,HONG Tian-qiu,ZHENG Wen-wu,JIA Zhi-hai.2003.Neoproterozoic slumping deposit in the Liulaobei For-mation in the north of Anhui and its implication[J].Journal ofHefei University of Technology(Natural Science),26(6):1115-1120(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIANG Ding-yi,NIE Ze-tong,SONG Zhi-min,WAN Xiao-qiao.1997.Seismostratigraphy at its Germination Stage-A briefhistory of research on seismite and its prospect[J].GeologicalJournal of China Universitiesf,3(4):458-461(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
LIANG Ding-yi,NIE Ze-tong,SONG Zhi-min,ZHAO Chong-he.2010.The Macro-characteristics and Distinguish of SeismicTraces on the Marine Strata[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,32(2):101-105(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIANG Ding-yi,NIE Ze-tong,SONG Zhi-min.1994a.A Re-studyon Seismite and Seismo-Unconformity:Taking Western Si-chuan and Western Yunnan as an Example[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),19(6):845-850(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIANG Ding-yi,NIE Ze-tong,SONG Zhi-min.1994b.ExtensionalDongwu Movement in Western Margin of Yangtze Region[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),19(4):443-453(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIANG Ding-yi,NIE Ze-tong,WAN Xiao-qiao,CHEN Guo-min.1991.On the seismite and seismodisconformity——Take theW.Hunan and W.Yunnan regions as an example[J].Geo-science,5(2):138-147(in Chinese with English abstract).
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