煤层多分支水平井安全钻井技术
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摘要
通过对煤层地质特征、钻井工程特点以及现场实践分析,归纳了煤层损害与井壁失稳机理,提出了煤层多分支水平井安全钻井策略。研究表明:应力敏感、流体及固相侵入、水相圈闭是煤层损害的主要类型;控制钻井液滤失量,增强滤液与煤层配伍性,提高煤层能量,完善煤层损害解除方法是保护煤层的有效手段;地质情况复杂,煤岩强度低,钻进液性能不稳、密度不合理,清水充气不均是清水充气欠平衡钻进多分支井水平井煤层损害和井壁失稳的主要机理;开展三维地震优选布井,钻井工艺,清水改性及暂堵-返排钻井液体系等配套技术研究有利于煤层多分支水平井钻井安全。
Coalbed damage mechanism,borehole instability mechanism and safety drilling technologies of multi-lateral horizontal wells in coalbed were proposed,which studied by coalbed geology,drilling engineering characteristics and field practices.The research show that stress sensitivity,fluid and solid phase intrusive,water phase trap are main types of coalbed damage.Controlling drilling fluid filtration,enhancing compatibility of filtrate and coalbed,improving coalbed energy and damage relieve means are the effective measures of controling formation damage.Geological conditions complex,coal rock of low intensity,water inflatable uneven,drilling fluids properties instability,and drilling fluids density unreasonable are main reasons of coalbed damage and wellbore stability,during drilling in coalbed by multi-lateral well.Conducting studies,which on three-dimensional seismic optimization disposing wells,drilling technology,water modification and temporary shielding-flowback drilling fluids system,are useful to realize coalbed multi-lateral horizontal safety drilling.
Coalbed damage mechanism,borehole instability mechanism and safety drilling technologies of multi-lateral horizontal wells in coalbed were proposed,which studied by coalbed geology,drilling engineering characteristics and field practices.The research show that stress sensitivity,fluid and solid phase intrusive,water phase trap are main types of coalbed damage.Controlling drilling fluid filtration,enhancing compatibility of filtrate and coalbed,improving coalbed energy and damage relieve means are the effective measures of controling formation damage.Geological conditions complex,coal rock of low intensity,water inflatable uneven,drilling fluids properties instability,and drilling fluids density unreasonable are main reasons of coalbed damage and wellbore stability,during drilling in coalbed by multi-lateral well.Conducting studies,which on three-dimensional seismic optimization disposing wells,drilling technology,water modification and temporary shielding-flowback drilling fluids system,are useful to realize coalbed multi-lateral horizontal safety drilling.
引文
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[8]孟尚志,王竹平,鄢捷年.钻井完井过程中煤层气储层伤害机理分析与控制措施[J].中国煤层气,2007,4(1):34-36.Meng Shangzhi,Wang Zhuping,Yan Jienian.Formation damage fac-tor analysis and control measures for coalbed methane reservoirs dur-ing drilling process[J].China Coalbed Methane,2007,4(1):34-36.
[9]赵阳升,杨栋,胡耀青,等.低渗透煤储层煤层气开采有效技术途径的研究[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(5):455-458.Zhao Yangsheng,Yang Dong,Hu Yaoqing,et al.Study on the effec-tive technology way for mining methane in low permeability coalseam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(5):455-458.
[10]张群,冯三利,杨锡禄.试论我国煤层气的基本储层特点及开发策略[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(3):230-235.Zhang Qun,Feng Sanli,Yang Xilu.Basic reservoir characteristicsand development strategy of coalbed methane resource in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(3):230-235.
[11]叶建平,史保生,张春才.中国煤储层渗透性及其主要影响因素[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(2):118-122.Ye Jianping,Shi Baosheng,Zhang Chuncai.Coal reservoir permea-bility and its controlled factors in China[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,1999,24(2):118-122.
[12]Chen Z,Khaja N,Valencia K L.Formation damage induced by frac-ture fluids in coalbed methane reservoirs[J].SPE101127,2006:11-13.
[13]游利军,康毅力,陈一健,等.致密砂岩气藏水相圈闭损害实验研究及应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2006,23(2):4-7.You Lijun,Kang Yili,Chen Yijian,et al.Experiments and applica-tions of water phase trapping in tight gas sand reservoir[J].DrillingFluid&Completion Fluid,2006,23(2):4-7.
[14]Glenn Penny,John T Pursley.Field studies of drilling and comple-tion fluids to minimize damage and enhance gas production in un-conventional reservoirs[J].SPE107844,2007.
[15]郑力会,孟尚志,曹园,等.绒囊钻井液控制煤层气储层伤害室内研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):439-442.Zheng Lihui,Meng Shangzhi,Cao Yuan,et al.Laboratory studies oncontrol coalbed methane formation damage by fuzzy-ball based drill-ing fluids[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):439-442.
[2]饶孟余,杨陆武,张遂安,等.煤层气多分支水平井钻井关键技术研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(7):52-55.Rao Mengyu,Yang Luwu,Zhang Suian,et al.Critical drilling tech-niques of multilateral horizontal wells used to develop coalbed meth-ane reservoirs[J].Nature Gas Industrial,2007,27(7):52-55.
[3]杨陆武,孙茂远,胡爱梅,等.适合中国煤层气藏特点的开发技术[J].石油学报,2002,23(4):46-50.Yang Luwu,Sun Maoyuan,Hu Aimei,et al.New technology seriesfavorable to develop coalbed methane reservoirs[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2002,23(4):46-50.
[4]田中岚.山西晋城地区煤层气钻井完井技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(3):25-28.Tian Zhonglan.Drilling and completion techniques for coalbed meth-ane wells in Jincheng Area,Shanxi,China[J].Coal Geology&Ex-ploration,2001,29(3):25-28.
[5]郑毅,黄洪春.中国煤层气钻完井技术发展现状及发展方向[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):81-85.Zheng Yi,Huang Hongchun.Development of drilling and completiontechnology of coalbed methane wells in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sini-ca,2002,23(3):81-85.
[6]乔磊,申瑞臣,黄洪春,等.煤层气多分支水平井钻井工艺研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):112-115.Qiao Lei,Shen Ruichen,Huang Hongchun,et al.Drilling technologyof multi branch horizontal well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):112-115.
[7]梁大川,蒲晓林,徐兴华.煤岩坍塌的特殊性及钻井液对策[J].西南石油学院学报,2002,24(6):28-31.Liang Dachuan,Pu Xiaolin,Xu Xinghua.The particularity of coalbedcollapsed and drilling fluid countermeasures[J].Journal of South-west Petroleum Institute,2002,24(6):28-31.
[8]孟尚志,王竹平,鄢捷年.钻井完井过程中煤层气储层伤害机理分析与控制措施[J].中国煤层气,2007,4(1):34-36.Meng Shangzhi,Wang Zhuping,Yan Jienian.Formation damage fac-tor analysis and control measures for coalbed methane reservoirs dur-ing drilling process[J].China Coalbed Methane,2007,4(1):34-36.
[9]赵阳升,杨栋,胡耀青,等.低渗透煤储层煤层气开采有效技术途径的研究[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(5):455-458.Zhao Yangsheng,Yang Dong,Hu Yaoqing,et al.Study on the effec-tive technology way for mining methane in low permeability coalseam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(5):455-458.
[10]张群,冯三利,杨锡禄.试论我国煤层气的基本储层特点及开发策略[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(3):230-235.Zhang Qun,Feng Sanli,Yang Xilu.Basic reservoir characteristicsand development strategy of coalbed methane resource in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(3):230-235.
[11]叶建平,史保生,张春才.中国煤储层渗透性及其主要影响因素[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(2):118-122.Ye Jianping,Shi Baosheng,Zhang Chuncai.Coal reservoir permea-bility and its controlled factors in China[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,1999,24(2):118-122.
[12]Chen Z,Khaja N,Valencia K L.Formation damage induced by frac-ture fluids in coalbed methane reservoirs[J].SPE101127,2006:11-13.
[13]游利军,康毅力,陈一健,等.致密砂岩气藏水相圈闭损害实验研究及应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2006,23(2):4-7.You Lijun,Kang Yili,Chen Yijian,et al.Experiments and applica-tions of water phase trapping in tight gas sand reservoir[J].DrillingFluid&Completion Fluid,2006,23(2):4-7.
[14]Glenn Penny,John T Pursley.Field studies of drilling and comple-tion fluids to minimize damage and enhance gas production in un-conventional reservoirs[J].SPE107844,2007.
[15]郑力会,孟尚志,曹园,等.绒囊钻井液控制煤层气储层伤害室内研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):439-442.Zheng Lihui,Meng Shangzhi,Cao Yuan,et al.Laboratory studies oncontrol coalbed methane formation damage by fuzzy-ball based drill-ing fluids[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):439-442.
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