柴达木盆地西部地区新生代演化特征与青藏高原隆升
摘要
通过对柴达木盆地西部地区(柴西地区)地震剖面构造-沉积相演化的分析,结合基底岩性及区域构造运动历史,重建了柴西地区新生代构造-沉积动态演化框架。柴西地区新生代以来一直处在印欧板块碰撞所引起的青藏高原阶段性隆升的挤压构造背景下,经历了两大构造变形期:第一变形期主要发育在古近纪,变形高峰在下干柴沟组上段,第二变形期发育在新近纪—第四纪,变形强度日益加剧。剖面沉积相的变化体现柴西地区经历了水进—静水沉降—水退的过程,平面沉积相演变是沉积中心受构造运动控制的直接结果;受构造演化控制柴西地区以Ⅺ号(油狮断裂)和油北断裂为分界线,由南至北地表形态表现为3种不同样式:柴西南区断裂发育,柴西中部为英雄岭新生造山带,柴西北区主要发育冲断褶皱。柴西地区构造-沉积演化特征是对青藏高原阶隆升的响应,同时记录了青藏高原向北间歇性蔓延生长的过程。
on the basis of the analysis of structure and sedimentary evolution of the seismic section in Western Qaidam Basin and combining the basement lithology,faults distribution and history of tectonic movement,we reconstructed the dynamical evolution framework of structure and sedimentation of Western Qaidam Basin during the Cenozoic.Our results suggested that Western Qaidam Basin was under the compression tectonic background of the Tibetan Plateau uplift caused by the collision of India and Eurasia in the Cenozoic and underwent two violent periods of tectonic deformation.The Western Qaidam Basin had undergone two periods of tectonic deformation.The first ocurred in the Paleocene,and reached the peak at the E23;the second was in the Neocene-Quaternary,and the deformation intensified rapidly.The forces transmitted from the south to the north,while the tectonic deformation spread from the west to the east,which indicated that the thrust of the Kunlun fault and the slip of the Altyn Tagh fault were controlled by the collision of the India-Asia Plate and the northward uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.Changes of the sedimentary facies indicatd that Western Qaidam Basin has undergone a process: Inflow-sedimentation-recession and the evolution of sedimentary facies were the result of tectonics.Separated by Youbei fault,in northern region of Western Qaidam Basin there existed thrust folders with the interphase upwarping and depression,generally with closed anticlines and relatively broad synclines,whose axial direction was consistent with the trend of Kunlun Mountains.Between Youbei fault and Ⅺ fault was the palingenetic Yingxiongling orogenic which made obvious elevation difference(about 800m) between the Yingxiongling region and the northern and southern Western Qaidam Basin.The characteristics of structure-sedimentation evolution in Western Qaidam Basin was in response to Tibetan Plateau uplift,and was a good record of intermittent spread of the Tibetan Plateau northward as well.
on the basis of the analysis of structure and sedimentary evolution of the seismic section in Western Qaidam Basin and combining the basement lithology,faults distribution and history of tectonic movement,we reconstructed the dynamical evolution framework of structure and sedimentation of Western Qaidam Basin during the Cenozoic.Our results suggested that Western Qaidam Basin was under the compression tectonic background of the Tibetan Plateau uplift caused by the collision of India and Eurasia in the Cenozoic and underwent two violent periods of tectonic deformation.The Western Qaidam Basin had undergone two periods of tectonic deformation.The first ocurred in the Paleocene,and reached the peak at the E23;the second was in the Neocene-Quaternary,and the deformation intensified rapidly.The forces transmitted from the south to the north,while the tectonic deformation spread from the west to the east,which indicated that the thrust of the Kunlun fault and the slip of the Altyn Tagh fault were controlled by the collision of the India-Asia Plate and the northward uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.Changes of the sedimentary facies indicatd that Western Qaidam Basin has undergone a process: Inflow-sedimentation-recession and the evolution of sedimentary facies were the result of tectonics.Separated by Youbei fault,in northern region of Western Qaidam Basin there existed thrust folders with the interphase upwarping and depression,generally with closed anticlines and relatively broad synclines,whose axial direction was consistent with the trend of Kunlun Mountains.Between Youbei fault and Ⅺ fault was the palingenetic Yingxiongling orogenic which made obvious elevation difference(about 800m) between the Yingxiongling region and the northern and southern Western Qaidam Basin.The characteristics of structure-sedimentation evolution in Western Qaidam Basin was in response to Tibetan Plateau uplift,and was a good record of intermittent spread of the Tibetan Plateau northward as well.
引文
①方小敏,张跃中.柴达木盆地西部构造-地层动态演化与有效圈闭的识辨和筛分.内部报告,敦煌:青海勘探开发研究院,2009.
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[1]Quade J,Cerling T E,Bowman J R.Development of Asianmonsoon revealed by marked ecological shift during the latestMiocene in northern Pakistan[J].Nature,1989,342:163-166.
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[7]Turner S,Hawkesworth C,Liu J,et al.Ti ming of Tibetanuplift constrained by analysis of volcanic rocks[J].Nature,1993,364:50-54.
[8]Coleman M,Hodges K.Evidence for Tibetan Plateau upliftbefore 14 Myr ago froma new mini mumage for east-west ex-tension[J].Nature,1995,374:49-52.
[9]Garzione C N,Dett man D L,Quade J,et al.High ti mes onthe Tibetan Plateau:Paleoelevation of the Thakkhola Gra-ben,Nepal[J].Geology,2000,28:339-342.
[10]Rowley D B,Pierrehumbert R T,Currie B S.A new ap-proach to stable isotope-based paleoalti metry:I mplicationsfor paleoalti metry and paleohypsometry of the High Hi malayasince the Late Miocene[J].Earth and Planetary Science Let-ters,2001,188:253-268.
[11]Spicer R A,Harris N B W,Widdowson M,et al.Constantelevation of southern Tibet over the past 15 million years[J].Nature,2003,421:622-624.
[12]Fang X M,Garzione C,Van der Voo R,et al.Flexural sub-sidence by 29 Ma on the NE edge of Tibet fromthe magne-tostratigraphy of Linxia Basin,China[J].Earth and Planeta-ry Science Letters,2003,210:82-94.
[13]Fang X M,Yan M D,Van der Voo R,et al.Late Cenozoicdeformation and uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau:Evidencefromhigh-resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Guide Basin,Qinghai Province,China[J].Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,2005,117:1208-1225.
[14]Beaumont C,Jamieson R A,Nguyen M H,et al.Crustalchannel flows:1.Numerical models with applications to thetectonics of the Hi malayan-Tibetan orogen[J].Journal of Ge-ophysical Research,2004,109:1029-2003.
[15]Currie B S,Rowley D B,Tabor N.Middle Miocene paleoal-ti metry of southern Tibet:I mplications for the role of mantlethickening and delaminationin the Hi malayan orogen[J].Geology,2005,33:181-184.
[16]Mulch A,Chamberlain C P.The rise and growth of Tibet[J].Nature,2006,439:670-671.
[17]Rowley D B,Currie B S.Palaeo-alti metry of the Late Eoceneto Miocene Lunpola Basin,central Tibet[J].Nature,2006,439:677-681.
[18]吴珍汉,赵逊,叶培盛,等.根据湖湘沉积碳氧同位素估算青藏高原古海拔高度[J].地质学报,2007,81(9):1277-1288.
[19]吴福元,黄宝春,叶凯,等.青藏高原造山带的垮塌与高原隆升[J].岩石学报,2008,24(1):1-30.
[20]翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.重新认识柴达木盆地、力争油气勘探的新突破[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):1-7.
[21]宋廷光.同沉积逆断层的发育特点及油气聚集条件分析[J].青海地质,1997,2:6-13.
[22]范连顺,王明儒.柴达木盆地茫崖坳陷含油气系统及勘探方向[J].石油实验地,1999,21(1):41-47.
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[24]汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木盆地构造古地理分析[J].地学前缘,2000,4(7):421-429.
[25]Xia WC,Zhang N,Yuan X P,et al.Cenozoic QaidamBasinChina:Astronger tectonic inversed,extensional rifted basin[J].The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bul-letin,2001,85:715-736.
[26]尚尔杰.柴达木盆地北缘西段第三系构造基本样式及石油地质意义[J].现代地质,2001,15(4):421-424.
[27]王成善,朱利东,刘志飞.青藏高原北部盆地构造沉积演化与高原向北生长过程[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):373-381.
[28]Zhu L D,Wang C S,Zheng H B,et al.Tectonic and sedi-mentary evolution of basins in the northeast of Qinghai-TibetPlateau and their i mplication for the northward growth of thePlateau[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeocli mateology,Palaeo-ecology,2006,241:49-60.
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