歧口凹陷后裂陷期构造特征与浅层油气成藏
摘要
歧口凹陷馆陶组底界是一个区域上可对比的不整合界面,将盆地演化划分为古近纪裂陷期和新近纪—第四纪后裂陷期,后裂陷期构造样式主要为断层以及断层相关褶皱、火成岩构造。本文基于高精度三维地震资料精细解释,揭示了歧口凹陷后裂陷期的构造特征,通过计算断层活动速率了解了歧口凹陷的构造活动规律,得出以下认识:①断层构造包括继承性活动的主干断层及在后裂陷期构造应力场下发育的大量近东西向新生断层,在平面上两类断层成小角度相交,整体构成帚状构造,表现出明显的右旋张扭特征;②褶皱构造包括逆牵引褶皱、正形负花状构造、披覆背斜,在平面上披覆背斜、逆牵引褶皱和正形负花状构造基本上依次向东排列,但在局部地区也有相互共存的现象;③火成岩构造表现为一个火山通道发育多个帽型构造,火山顶部表现为强反射层,后裂陷期地层超覆其上,在火成岩构造旁侧断层发育;④断层活动速率计算结果表明,后裂陷期主干断层活动趋势主要分为断层活动速率由逐渐增大到逐渐变小、逐渐增大、混合型三种,其中前两种类型断层对油气的运聚最为有利,控制的油田分布最多。综合分析后认为,歧口凹陷内最有利的浅层油气藏类型是断层相关褶皱型油气藏和潜山披覆背斜型油气藏,火成岩活动对油气的生成和运聚也具有重要意义。
The bottom surface of the Guantao Formation,in Qikou sag,is an important unconformity interface which can be traced in the region.This surface divides the basin evolution into the rifting stage in Paleogene and post-rifting stage in Neogene-Quaternary.The most post-rifting structure styles include faults,faulted-folds and the igneous structures in the Qikou sag.Through detailed interpretation on high quality 3D seismic data,we summarize the post-rifting structure characteristics and calculate fault active rate to determine the tectonic activity law in Qikou sag.Then we get the following observations:①The active faults includes continued growing main faults and numerous EW trended new faults,and these two kinds of faults intersects to each other with low angle which show as the broom shape on the plane,associated with the regional dextral tensile shearing stress field.②The fold structure includes drape anticline,reservoir drag fold and normal shaped negative flower structure which distributes orderly from west to east on the plane,but they coexist together in some place.③Igneous structures usually show as a long volcanic channel with several hat shape structures.The top of volcano characterizes as strong reflections because of the onlap of the overlaying strata,and several faults formed beside these volcano channels.④The main fault active rates show that the activity of the post-rifting faults can be divided into three types in Qikou sag:continuous decrease after continuous increase,continuous increase and mixed pattern.The first and second types of the faults are most beneficial to hydrocarbon accumulations and distributed in the oil fields.The most valuable shallow reservoirs in Qikou sag are the faulted-fold type and the buried-hill drape anticline type.Active igneous rocks are also very valuable to the generation and migration of the hydrocarbon.
The bottom surface of the Guantao Formation,in Qikou sag,is an important unconformity interface which can be traced in the region.This surface divides the basin evolution into the rifting stage in Paleogene and post-rifting stage in Neogene-Quaternary.The most post-rifting structure styles include faults,faulted-folds and the igneous structures in the Qikou sag.Through detailed interpretation on high quality 3D seismic data,we summarize the post-rifting structure characteristics and calculate fault active rate to determine the tectonic activity law in Qikou sag.Then we get the following observations:①The active faults includes continued growing main faults and numerous EW trended new faults,and these two kinds of faults intersects to each other with low angle which show as the broom shape on the plane,associated with the regional dextral tensile shearing stress field.②The fold structure includes drape anticline,reservoir drag fold and normal shaped negative flower structure which distributes orderly from west to east on the plane,but they coexist together in some place.③Igneous structures usually show as a long volcanic channel with several hat shape structures.The top of volcano characterizes as strong reflections because of the onlap of the overlaying strata,and several faults formed beside these volcano channels.④The main fault active rates show that the activity of the post-rifting faults can be divided into three types in Qikou sag:continuous decrease after continuous increase,continuous increase and mixed pattern.The first and second types of the faults are most beneficial to hydrocarbon accumulations and distributed in the oil fields.The most valuable shallow reservoirs in Qikou sag are the faulted-fold type and the buried-hill drape anticline type.Active igneous rocks are also very valuable to the generation and migration of the hydrocarbon.
引文
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[3]郭兴伟,施小斌,丘学林,吴智平,杨小秋.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷新生代裂后不整合、加速沉降事件及其成因浅析.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):455～464Guo Xing-wei,Shi Xiao-bin,Qiu Xue-lin,Wu Zhi-ping and Yang Xiao-qiu.Cenozoic post-rift uncon-formity and the accelerated subsidence events of theJiyang depression,Bohai Bay basin and preliminaryanalyses on their original mechanism.Chinese Journalof Geophysics,2007,50(2):455～464
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[7]陈蓉,李勇,丘东洲等.黄骅坳陷新近系馆陶组Ⅲ段辫状河相高分辨率层序分析.沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(3):56～60Chen Rong,Li Yong,Qiu Dong-zhou et al.High-res-olution sequence stratigraphic analysis of the braidedriver facies in the 3rd member of the Neogene Guan-tao Formation,Huanghua depression.SedimentaryGeology and Tethyan Geology,2006,26(3):56～60
[8]孙小霞,李勇,丘东洲等.黄骅坳陷新近系馆陶组重矿物特征及物源区意义.沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(3):61～66Sun Xiao-xia,Li Yong,Qiu Dong-zhou et al.Theheavy minerals and provenances of the NeogeneGuantao Formation in the Huanghua depression.Sed-imentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2006,26(3):61～66
[9]Hooper E C D.Fluid migration along growth faults incompacting sediments.Journal of Petroleum Geolo-gy,1991,14(2):161～180
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[11]张福利.黄骅坳陷中、北区构造特征与油气分布规律[硕士学位论文].山东青岛:石油大学,2007,54
[12]张杰等.黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷热史和油气成藏史.石油与天然气地质,2005,26(4):505～511Zhang Jie et al.Thermal evolution and reservoiringhistory in Qikou sag,Huanghua depression.Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(4):505～511
[13]高长海,查明.大港油田埕北断阶带油气成藏过程分析.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2008,30(4):47～53Gao Chang-hai,Zha Ming.Hydrocarbon accumula-tion process in Chengbei fault step belt of Dagang Oil-field.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(JJPI),2008,30(4):47～53
[14]吴孔友等.黄骅坳陷埕北断坡不整合特征与油气成藏.古地理学报,2008,10(5):545～554Wu Kong-you et al.Characteristics of unconformityand hydrocarbon accumulation in Chengbei fault slopeof Huanghua Depression.Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2008,10(5):545～554
[15]王华崇,冉启全,胡永乐.大港枣园油田火成岩岩相.石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5):21～24Wang Hua-chong,Ran Qi-quan and Hu Yong-le.Igneouslithofacies in Zao 35Block,Dagang Oilfield.PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(5):21～24
[16]冉启全,胡永乐,任宝生.火成岩岩性识别方法及其应用研究——以大港枣园油田枣35块火成岩油藏为例.中国海上油气,2005,17(1):25～30Ran Qi-quan,Hu Yong-le and Ren Bao-sheng.A lithol-ogic identification method of igneous rocks and its appli-cation:a case of the igneous reservoir in Block Zao-35.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2005,17(1):25～30
[2]孙玉梅,李友川,龚再升,张功成.渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷油气晚期成藏的流体包裹体证据.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2009,28(1):24～33Sun Yu-mei,Li You-chuan,Gong Zai-sheng andZhang Gong-cheng.Fluid inclusion evidence for late-stage petroleum accumulation Bozhong depresion,Bo-hai Gulf basin.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrologyand Geochemistry,2009,28(1):24～33
[3]郭兴伟,施小斌,丘学林,吴智平,杨小秋.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷新生代裂后不整合、加速沉降事件及其成因浅析.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):455～464Guo Xing-wei,Shi Xiao-bin,Qiu Xue-lin,Wu Zhi-ping and Yang Xiao-qiu.Cenozoic post-rift uncon-formity and the accelerated subsidence events of theJiyang depression,Bohai Bay basin and preliminaryanalyses on their original mechanism.Chinese Journalof Geophysics,2007,50(2):455～464
[4]周心怀,牛成民,滕长宇.环渤中地区新构造运动期断裂活动与油气成藏关系.石油与天然气地质,2009,30(4):469～475Zhou Xin-huai,Niu Cheng-ming and Teng Chang-yu.Relationship between faulting and hydrocarbon poolingduring the Neotectonic movement around the central Bo-hai Bay.Oil&Gas Geology,2009,30(4):469～475
[5]丁巍伟,戴金星,杨池银,陶士振,侯路.黄骅坳陷港西断裂带包裹体中氦同位素组成特征.科学通报,2005,50(16):1768～1773
[6]黄传炎,王华,吴永平,陈思,王家豪,任陪罡,夏存银.歧口凹陷第三系层序格架下的油气藏富集规律.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(5):986～995Huang Chuan-yan,Wang Hua,Wu Yong-ping,ChenSi,Wang Jia-hao,Ren Pei-gang and Xia Cun-yin.A-nalysis of the hydrocarbon enrichment regularity inthe sequence stratigraphic framework of Tertiary inQikou sag.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Sci-ence Edition),2010,40(5):986～995
[7]陈蓉,李勇,丘东洲等.黄骅坳陷新近系馆陶组Ⅲ段辫状河相高分辨率层序分析.沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(3):56～60Chen Rong,Li Yong,Qiu Dong-zhou et al.High-res-olution sequence stratigraphic analysis of the braidedriver facies in the 3rd member of the Neogene Guan-tao Formation,Huanghua depression.SedimentaryGeology and Tethyan Geology,2006,26(3):56～60
[8]孙小霞,李勇,丘东洲等.黄骅坳陷新近系馆陶组重矿物特征及物源区意义.沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(3):61～66Sun Xiao-xia,Li Yong,Qiu Dong-zhou et al.Theheavy minerals and provenances of the NeogeneGuantao Formation in the Huanghua depression.Sed-imentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2006,26(3):61～66
[9]Hooper E C D.Fluid migration along growth faults incompacting sediments.Journal of Petroleum Geolo-gy,1991,14(2):161～180
[10]李洪香,高勇,李会慎等.歧口凹陷斜坡区油气运聚特征及岩性油气藏分布模式.天然气地球科学,2010,21(4):578～583Li Hong-xiang,GaoYong,Li Hui-shen et al.Hydro-carbon accumulation and distributed model of lithol-ogic reservoir in the slope of Qikou sag.Natural GasGeoscience,2010,21(4):578～583
[11]张福利.黄骅坳陷中、北区构造特征与油气分布规律[硕士学位论文].山东青岛:石油大学,2007,54
[12]张杰等.黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷热史和油气成藏史.石油与天然气地质,2005,26(4):505～511Zhang Jie et al.Thermal evolution and reservoiringhistory in Qikou sag,Huanghua depression.Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(4):505～511
[13]高长海,查明.大港油田埕北断阶带油气成藏过程分析.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2008,30(4):47～53Gao Chang-hai,Zha Ming.Hydrocarbon accumula-tion process in Chengbei fault step belt of Dagang Oil-field.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(JJPI),2008,30(4):47～53
[14]吴孔友等.黄骅坳陷埕北断坡不整合特征与油气成藏.古地理学报,2008,10(5):545～554Wu Kong-you et al.Characteristics of unconformityand hydrocarbon accumulation in Chengbei fault slopeof Huanghua Depression.Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2008,10(5):545～554
[15]王华崇,冉启全,胡永乐.大港枣园油田火成岩岩相.石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5):21～24Wang Hua-chong,Ran Qi-quan and Hu Yong-le.Igneouslithofacies in Zao 35Block,Dagang Oilfield.PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(5):21～24
[16]冉启全,胡永乐,任宝生.火成岩岩性识别方法及其应用研究——以大港枣园油田枣35块火成岩油藏为例.中国海上油气,2005,17(1):25～30Ran Qi-quan,Hu Yong-le and Ren Bao-sheng.A lithol-ogic identification method of igneous rocks and its appli-cation:a case of the igneous reservoir in Block Zao-35.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2005,17(1):25～30
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