华南雪峰山薄皮-厚皮构造转换过程:来自桑植—安化剖面的证据
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摘要
对于雪峰山及其北西侧邻区发育的厚皮-薄皮构造样式前人已进行过较多研究,但关于厚皮和薄皮构造组合样式间的关系及转换过程则较少涉及,因此难以建立起区域性运动学模式;并导致对华南大地构造,特别是中—新生代构造体制的不同认识。对穿越雪峰山北东段及其北西侧邻区的薄皮-厚皮(桑植—安化)剖面进行了详细的构造样式、运动学与变形过程分析,结合地震剖面和大地电磁测深对深部构造的解释,综合区域构造关系,我们认为:早志留世至中泥盆世雪峰山板溪群等基底沿高角度断层逆冲抬升形成厚皮构造;中三叠世至侏罗纪,厚皮构造重新活化,大庸断裂带(亦称慈利—张家界—保靖断裂带)由一系列高角度断层向下收敛并沿板溪群内的板岩发育平缓的顺层滑脱断层,同时向北西侧逆冲形成薄皮构造。其薄皮构造样式主要为箱状向斜及受由深至浅的断坪-断坡式拆离断层控制的平缓背斜。
Thick-skinned thrust separating from thin-skinned thrust by the Dayong fault in Xuefeng Mountain and area on its northwest,brings variable interpretations of Mesozoic tectonic process in South China,and thus the structural style and origin of the Dayong fault are the keys to well understand tectonics of Xuefeng Mountain.Field investigation,interpretation of the data of seismic section and magnetotelluric sounding along Sangzhi-Anhua tectonic section are applied in this paper.The results indicate that the thick-skinned thrust was produced by thrusting the Banxi Group over the Lower Paleozoic in Early Silurian to Middle Devonian.The re-activation of the thick-skinned thrust during Middle Triassic to Jurassic turned Dayong fault into a detachment fault along weak layer of Banxi Group with tiny dip angle towards southeast,which overprinted the old thick-skinned thrust in the meantime.This late deformation also resulted in a NW-ward overthrusting,fault-related chevron syncline and flat-ramp thrust fault,known as the thin-skinned thrust.Therefore,we conclude that the original thick-skinned thrust developed in Paleozoic era was overprinted,with a detachment fault in Xuefeng Mountain,by the NW-ward thrust in Mesozoic era which also produced the thin-skinned thrust on its northwest side.
Thick-skinned thrust separating from thin-skinned thrust by the Dayong fault in Xuefeng Mountain and area on its northwest,brings variable interpretations of Mesozoic tectonic process in South China,and thus the structural style and origin of the Dayong fault are the keys to well understand tectonics of Xuefeng Mountain.Field investigation,interpretation of the data of seismic section and magnetotelluric sounding along Sangzhi-Anhua tectonic section are applied in this paper.The results indicate that the thick-skinned thrust was produced by thrusting the Banxi Group over the Lower Paleozoic in Early Silurian to Middle Devonian.The re-activation of the thick-skinned thrust during Middle Triassic to Jurassic turned Dayong fault into a detachment fault along weak layer of Banxi Group with tiny dip angle towards southeast,which overprinted the old thick-skinned thrust in the meantime.This late deformation also resulted in a NW-ward overthrusting,fault-related chevron syncline and flat-ramp thrust fault,known as the thin-skinned thrust.Therefore,we conclude that the original thick-skinned thrust developed in Paleozoic era was overprinted,with a detachment fault in Xuefeng Mountain,by the NW-ward thrust in Mesozoic era which also produced the thin-skinned thrust on its northwest side.
引文
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[13]杨绍祥.湘西花垣—张家界逆冲断裂带地质特征及其控矿意义[J].湖南地质,1998,17(2):96-99.
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[16]张长厚.大陆板内构造变形及其动力学机制[J].地学前缘,2008,15(3):140-149.
[17]谢建磊,杨坤光,马昌前.湘西花垣—张家界断裂带构造变形特征与ESR定年[J].高校地质学报,2006,12(1):14-21.
[18]侯光久,索书田,郑贵州,等.雪峰山加里东造山运动及其体制转换[J].湖南地质,1998,17(3):141-144.
[19]周小进,杨帆.中国南方大陆加里东晚期构造—古地理演化[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(2):128-135.
[20]袁照令,李大明,易顺华.对保靖—慈利逆冲断裂带的认识[J].地质与勘探,2000,36(5):59-61.
[21]齐小兵,翟文建,章泽军.慈利—保靖断裂带的性质及其演化[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(2):54-59.
[22]丘元禧,张渝昌,马文璞.雪峰山陆内造山带的构造特征与演化[J].高校地质学报,1998,4(4):432-442.
[23]张雄华,罗新民.雪峰古陆边缘上石炭统[J].湖南地质,1995,14(3):145-148.
[24]张岳桥,徐先兵,贾东,等.华南早中生代从印支期碰撞构造体系向燕山期俯冲构造体系转换的形变记录[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):234-247.
[25]杨坤光,梁兴中,谢建磊,等.ESR定年:一种确定脆性断层活动年龄的方法原理与应用[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(4):430-434.
[26]杨奎锋,杨坤光,马昌前.雪峰山安化—溆浦断裂带变形特征及ESR定年[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(3):163-169.
[2]丘元禧,马文璞,范小林,等.“雪峰古陆”加里东期的构造性质和构造演化[J].中国区域地质,1996,(2):150-160.
[3]丘元禧,张渝昌,马文璞,等.雪峰山的构造性质与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:102-121.
[4]Yan D P,Zhou MF,Song HL,et al.Origin and tectonic sig-nificance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within theYangtze Block(South China)[J].Tectonophysics,2003,361:239-254.
[5]Yan D P,Zhang B,Zhou MF,et al.Constraints on the depth,geometry and kinematics of blind detachment faults provided byfault-propagation folds:An example from the Mesozoic fold belt ofSouth China[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2009,31(2):150-162.
[6]颜丹平,汪新文,刘友元.川鄂湘边区褶皱构造样式及其成因机制分析[J].现代地质,2000,14(1):37-43.
[7]颜丹平,金哲龙,张维宸,等.川渝湘鄂薄皮构造带多层拆离滑脱系的岩石力学性质及其对构造变形样式的控制[J].地质通报,2008,27(10):1687-1697.
[8]Wang Y J,Zhang Y H,Fan W M,et al.Structural signaturesand40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Indosinian Xuefengshan tec-tonic belt,South China Block[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27:985-998.
[9]Wang YJ,Fan WM,Sun M,et al.Geochronological,geochemi-cal and geothermal constraints on petrogenesis of the Indosinianperaluminous granites in the South China Block:A case study inthe Hunan Province[J].Lithos,2007,96:475-502.
[10]丁道桂,郭彤楼,胡明霞,等.论江南—雪峰基底拆离式构造——南方构造问题之一[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(2):120-127.
[11]丁道桂,刘光祥.扬子板内递进变形——南方构造问题之二[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(3):238-246.
[12]湖南省地质矿产局.湖南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1988:6-262.
[13]杨绍祥.湘西花垣—张家界逆冲断裂带地质特征及其控矿意义[J].湖南地质,1998,17(2):96-99.
[14]Goleby B R,Shaw R D,Wright C,et al.Geophysical evidencefor thick-skinned crustal deformation in central Australia[J].Nature,1989,337(26):325-330.
[15]Neely T G,Erslev E A.The interplay of fold mechanisms andbasement weaknesses at the transition between Laramide base-ment-involved arches,north-central Wyoming,USA[J].Journalof Structural Geology,2009,31(9):1012-1027.
[16]张长厚.大陆板内构造变形及其动力学机制[J].地学前缘,2008,15(3):140-149.
[17]谢建磊,杨坤光,马昌前.湘西花垣—张家界断裂带构造变形特征与ESR定年[J].高校地质学报,2006,12(1):14-21.
[18]侯光久,索书田,郑贵州,等.雪峰山加里东造山运动及其体制转换[J].湖南地质,1998,17(3):141-144.
[19]周小进,杨帆.中国南方大陆加里东晚期构造—古地理演化[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(2):128-135.
[20]袁照令,李大明,易顺华.对保靖—慈利逆冲断裂带的认识[J].地质与勘探,2000,36(5):59-61.
[21]齐小兵,翟文建,章泽军.慈利—保靖断裂带的性质及其演化[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(2):54-59.
[22]丘元禧,张渝昌,马文璞.雪峰山陆内造山带的构造特征与演化[J].高校地质学报,1998,4(4):432-442.
[23]张雄华,罗新民.雪峰古陆边缘上石炭统[J].湖南地质,1995,14(3):145-148.
[24]张岳桥,徐先兵,贾东,等.华南早中生代从印支期碰撞构造体系向燕山期俯冲构造体系转换的形变记录[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):234-247.
[25]杨坤光,梁兴中,谢建磊,等.ESR定年:一种确定脆性断层活动年龄的方法原理与应用[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(4):430-434.
[26]杨奎锋,杨坤光,马昌前.雪峰山安化—溆浦断裂带变形特征及ESR定年[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(3):163-169.
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