准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑构造与油气勘探
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摘要
二维—三维地震资料、大地电磁测深资料(MT)及地表构造调查综合研究揭示,准噶尔盆地西北缘发育高陡走滑断层和正花状构造,可划分为扎伊尔-哈拉阿拉特山(达尔布特断层)隆起区、断块-褶皱带、斜坡带3个构造带。准噶尔盆地西北缘具有右行走滑变形性质,发育高陡走滑断层和雁行排列短轴倾伏背斜(鼻状构造),不发育逆冲推覆断层和线性褶皱。准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑构造发育于二叠纪末期—三叠纪,与相邻的达尔布特右行走滑断层同步发育;新生代,达尔布特断层发生左行走滑,但准噶尔盆地西北缘没有发生大的变形。准噶尔盆地西北缘3个构造带具有不同的圈闭类型和勘探目标,隆起区发育披覆不整合岩性油气藏,断块-褶皱带发育背斜—断块油气藏,斜坡带发育不整合面控制的岩性油气藏。
The fault system in the NW margin of the Junggar Basin,western China,affords an exceptional opportunity to document structural features of a major strike-slip fault using two-and three-dimensional seismic reflection and magnetotelluric(MT) data.The fault zone displayed vertical strike-slip faults and positive flower structures,in which three structural units,the Zaire-Halaalat uplifted belt(Dalabute strike-slip fault),the Keramay-Xiazijie fault block folded belt,and the Mahu Lake slope belt were identified in the NW margin of the Junggar Basin.The right lateral strike-slip deformation occurs commonly in this margin,thus vertical strike-slip faults and en echelon brachy plunging anticlines(nose-like structure) are well-developed in the Zaire-Haraalat uplifted belt close to the Dalabute strike-slip fault,while thrust-nappe faults and linear folds are seldom seen.Devonian to Upper Carboniferous volcanic,volcaniclastic and flysch rocks crop out along the belt.The Keramay-Xiazijie fault-block folded belt consists of slip faults and en echelon folds.The stepping pattern and orientation of en echelon structures indicated a right-lateral sense about N20—40E azimuth of slip in the west part and W-E azimuth of slip in the east part of the Keramay-Xiazijie belt.Fault segments with a clockwise orientation were characterized by convergent structures.The Carboniferous,Permian and Triassic had folded and formed unconformity by Jurassic and Cretaceous,indicating a deformation developed in Late Permian to Triassic.The exposed Dalabute fault was reactivated in Cenozoic,which was affected by the long-distance compression of the Cenozoic India-Asia collision.The NW margin of the Junggar Basin was not apparently deformed in Cenozoic and three different types of potential hydrocarbon traps were formed in the NW margin of the Junggar Basin,they are drape unconformity lithologic traps in the uplifted belt,anticlinal fault-block traps in the Keramay-Xiazijie fault block folded belt and unconformity-controlled lithologic traps in the Mahu Lake slope belt.
The fault system in the NW margin of the Junggar Basin,western China,affords an exceptional opportunity to document structural features of a major strike-slip fault using two-and three-dimensional seismic reflection and magnetotelluric(MT) data.The fault zone displayed vertical strike-slip faults and positive flower structures,in which three structural units,the Zaire-Halaalat uplifted belt(Dalabute strike-slip fault),the Keramay-Xiazijie fault block folded belt,and the Mahu Lake slope belt were identified in the NW margin of the Junggar Basin.The right lateral strike-slip deformation occurs commonly in this margin,thus vertical strike-slip faults and en echelon brachy plunging anticlines(nose-like structure) are well-developed in the Zaire-Haraalat uplifted belt close to the Dalabute strike-slip fault,while thrust-nappe faults and linear folds are seldom seen.Devonian to Upper Carboniferous volcanic,volcaniclastic and flysch rocks crop out along the belt.The Keramay-Xiazijie fault-block folded belt consists of slip faults and en echelon folds.The stepping pattern and orientation of en echelon structures indicated a right-lateral sense about N20—40E azimuth of slip in the west part and W-E azimuth of slip in the east part of the Keramay-Xiazijie belt.Fault segments with a clockwise orientation were characterized by convergent structures.The Carboniferous,Permian and Triassic had folded and formed unconformity by Jurassic and Cretaceous,indicating a deformation developed in Late Permian to Triassic.The exposed Dalabute fault was reactivated in Cenozoic,which was affected by the long-distance compression of the Cenozoic India-Asia collision.The NW margin of the Junggar Basin was not apparently deformed in Cenozoic and three different types of potential hydrocarbon traps were formed in the NW margin of the Junggar Basin,they are drape unconformity lithologic traps in the uplifted belt,anticlinal fault-block traps in the Keramay-Xiazijie fault block folded belt and unconformity-controlled lithologic traps in the Mahu Lake slope belt.
引文
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[8]何登发,尹成,杜社宽,等.前陆冲断带构造分段特征———以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):91-101.He Dengfa,Yin Cheng,Du Shekuan,et al.Characteristics ofstructural segmentation of foreland thrust belts:A case study ofthe fault belts in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(3):91-101.
[9]Sengor A M C,Natalin B A,Burtman V S.Evolution of the Al-taid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crustal growth in Eurasia[J].Nature,1993,364(6435):299-307.
[10]Feng Y M,Coleman R G,Tilton G,et al.Tectonic evolution ofthe west Junggar region,Xinjiang,China[J].Tectonics,1989,8(4):729-752.
[11]Allen M B,Sengor A M C,Natalin B A.Junggar,Turfan andAlakol Basins as Late Permian to Early Triassic extensionalstructures in a sinistral shear zone in the Altaid Orogenic Col-lage,Central-Asia[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1995,152(2):327-338.
[12]Buckman S,Aitchison J C.Tectonic evolution of Palaeozoic terra-nes in West Junggar,Xinjiang,NW China[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,2004,226:101-129.
[13]韩宝福,季建清,宋彪,等.新疆准噶尔晚古生代陆壳垂向生长(Ⅰ)———后碰撞深成岩浆活动的时限[J].岩石学报,2006,22(5):1077-1086.Han Baofu,Ji Jianqing,Song Biao,et al.Late Paleozoic verticalgrowth of continental crust around the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China(PartⅠ):Timing of post-collisional plutonism[J].ActaPetrologica Sinica,2006,22(5):1077-1086.
[14]李宗怀,韩宝福,李辛子,等.新疆准噶尔地区花岗岩中微粒闪长质包体特征及后碰撞花岗质岩浆起源和演化[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(3):214-226.Li Zonghuai,Han Baofu,Li Xinzi,et al.Microgranular dioriticenclaves in Junggar granites and their implications for the originand evolution of post-collisional granitic magmatism in NorthXinjiang[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2004,23(3):214-226.
[15]彭希龄,梁狄刚,王昌桂,等.前陆盆地理论及其在中国的应用[J].石油学报,2006,27(1):132-144.Peng Xiling,Liang Digang,Wang Changgui,et al.Discussion onthe theory of foreland basin and its application in China[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2006,27(1):132-144.
[16]孙自明,洪太元,张涛.新疆北部哈拉阿拉特山走滑—冲断复合构造特征与油气勘探方向[J].地质科学,2008,43(2):309-320.Sun Ziming,Hong Taiyuan,Zhang Tao.Strike-slip-thrust com-posite structures and its relationships to hydrocarbon in Hala'alate mountains,northern Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Geolo-gy,2008,43(2):309-320.
[17]Allen M B,Vincent S J.Fault reactivation in the Junggar region,northwest China:The role of basement structures during Meso-zoic-Cenozoic compression[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1997,154(1):151-155.
[18]孟家峰,郭召杰,方世虎.准噶尔盆地西北缘冲断构造新解[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3):171-180.Meng Jiafeng,Guo Zhaojie,Fang Shihu.A new insight into thethrust structures at the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(3):171-180.
[19]张越迁,汪新,李震华,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘乌尔禾-夏子街走滑构造及油气勘探意义[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):447-450.Zhang Yueqian,Wang Xin,Li Zhenhua,et al.Strike-slip deforma-tion of Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic and exploration implications inthe N-Western margin of the Junggar basin,Xinjiang,China[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):447-450.
[20]Le Guerrou E,Cobbold P R.Influence of erosion and sedimenta-tion on strike-slip fault systems:Insights from analogue models[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(3):421-430.
[21]Suppe J,Connors C D,Zhang Yikun.Shear fault-bend folding[G]∥McClay K R.Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems.AAPG Memoir 82,2004:303-323.
[22]章辉若.准噶尔盆地北缘西段构造特征及其油气勘探意义[D].西安:西北大学,2007.Zhang Huiruo.The tectonic feature and its petroleum explorationmeaning in the western part of the northern Junggar Basin[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2007.
[23]杨庚,王晓波,李本亮,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘斜向挤压构造与油气分布规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(1):26-32.Yang Geng,Wang Xiaobo,Li Benliang,et al.Oblique compres-sional structures and hydrocarbon distribution patterns in thenorthwestern margin of the Junggar Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geolo-gy,2009,30(1):26-32.
[24]管树巍,张朝军,何登发,等.前陆冲断带复杂构造解析与建模———以准噶尔盆地南缘第一排背斜带为例[J].地质学报,2006,80(8):1131-1140.Guan Shuwei,Zhang Chaojun,He Dengfa,et al.Complex struc-tural analysis and modeling:The first row of anticlinal belt onthe southern margin of the Junggar Basin[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2006,80(8):1131-1140.
[25]Sylvester A G.Strike-slip faults[J].Geological Society of Ameri-ca Bulletin,1988,100(11):1666-1703.
[26]Finzi Y,Hearn E H,Ben-Zion Y,et al.Structural properties anddeformation patterns of evolving strike-slip faults:Numericalsimulations incorporating damage rheology[J].Pure and AppliedGeophysics,2009,166(10/11):1537-1573.
[27]陈书平,吕丁友,王应斌,等.渤海盆地新近纪—第四纪走滑作用及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):894-899.Chen Shuping,LüDingyou,Wang Yingbin,et al.Neogene-Qua-ternary strike-slip movement in Bohai Basin and its significancein petroleum exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):894-899.
[28]池英柳,赵文智.渤海湾盆地新生代走滑构造与油气聚集[J].石油学报,2000,21(2):14-20.Chi Yingliu,Zhao Wenzhi.Strike-slip deformation during the Ce-nozoic and its influence on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Bo-hai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(2):14-20.
[2]蔡忠贤,陈发景,贾振远.准噶尔盆地的类型和构造演化[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):431-439.Cai Zhongxian,Chen Fajing,Jia Zhenyuan.Types and tectonic e-volution of Junger Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(4):431-439.
[3]陈发景,汪新文,汪新伟.准噶尔盆地的原型和构造演化[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):77-89.Chen Fajing,Wang Xinwen,Wang Xinwei.Prototype and tecton-ic evolution of the Junggar basin,northwestern China[J].EarthScience Frontiers,2005,12(3):77-89.
[4]赵白.准噶尔盆地的形成与演化[J].新疆石油地质,1992,13(3):191-196.Zhao Bai.Formation and evolution of Junggar Basin[J].XinjiangPetroleum Geology,1992,13(3):191-196.
[5]刘振宇,徐怀宝,庞雷.准噶尔盆地乌夏断裂带构造迁移特征[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(4):399-402.Liu Zhenyu,Xu Huaibao,Pang Lei.Characteristics of structuralmigration in Wu-Xia Fault Belt,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Pe-troleum Geology,2007,28(4):399-402.
[6]管树巍,李本亮,侯连华,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘下盘掩伏构造油气勘探新领域[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(1):17-22.Guan Shuwei,Li Benliang,Hou Lianhua,et al.New hydrocarbonexploration areas in foot-wall covered structures in northwesternmargin of Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Develop-ment,2008,35(1):17-22.
[7]何登发,管树巍,张年富,等.准噶尔盆地哈拉阿拉特山冲断带构造及找油意义[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3):267-269.He Dengfa,Guan Shuwei,Zhang Nianfu,et al.Thrust belt struc-ture and significance for petroleum exploration in Hala’alatMountain in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J].XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2006,27(3):267-269.
[8]何登发,尹成,杜社宽,等.前陆冲断带构造分段特征———以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):91-101.He Dengfa,Yin Cheng,Du Shekuan,et al.Characteristics ofstructural segmentation of foreland thrust belts:A case study ofthe fault belts in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(3):91-101.
[9]Sengor A M C,Natalin B A,Burtman V S.Evolution of the Al-taid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crustal growth in Eurasia[J].Nature,1993,364(6435):299-307.
[10]Feng Y M,Coleman R G,Tilton G,et al.Tectonic evolution ofthe west Junggar region,Xinjiang,China[J].Tectonics,1989,8(4):729-752.
[11]Allen M B,Sengor A M C,Natalin B A.Junggar,Turfan andAlakol Basins as Late Permian to Early Triassic extensionalstructures in a sinistral shear zone in the Altaid Orogenic Col-lage,Central-Asia[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1995,152(2):327-338.
[12]Buckman S,Aitchison J C.Tectonic evolution of Palaeozoic terra-nes in West Junggar,Xinjiang,NW China[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,2004,226:101-129.
[13]韩宝福,季建清,宋彪,等.新疆准噶尔晚古生代陆壳垂向生长(Ⅰ)———后碰撞深成岩浆活动的时限[J].岩石学报,2006,22(5):1077-1086.Han Baofu,Ji Jianqing,Song Biao,et al.Late Paleozoic verticalgrowth of continental crust around the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China(PartⅠ):Timing of post-collisional plutonism[J].ActaPetrologica Sinica,2006,22(5):1077-1086.
[14]李宗怀,韩宝福,李辛子,等.新疆准噶尔地区花岗岩中微粒闪长质包体特征及后碰撞花岗质岩浆起源和演化[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(3):214-226.Li Zonghuai,Han Baofu,Li Xinzi,et al.Microgranular dioriticenclaves in Junggar granites and their implications for the originand evolution of post-collisional granitic magmatism in NorthXinjiang[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2004,23(3):214-226.
[15]彭希龄,梁狄刚,王昌桂,等.前陆盆地理论及其在中国的应用[J].石油学报,2006,27(1):132-144.Peng Xiling,Liang Digang,Wang Changgui,et al.Discussion onthe theory of foreland basin and its application in China[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2006,27(1):132-144.
[16]孙自明,洪太元,张涛.新疆北部哈拉阿拉特山走滑—冲断复合构造特征与油气勘探方向[J].地质科学,2008,43(2):309-320.Sun Ziming,Hong Taiyuan,Zhang Tao.Strike-slip-thrust com-posite structures and its relationships to hydrocarbon in Hala'alate mountains,northern Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Geolo-gy,2008,43(2):309-320.
[17]Allen M B,Vincent S J.Fault reactivation in the Junggar region,northwest China:The role of basement structures during Meso-zoic-Cenozoic compression[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1997,154(1):151-155.
[18]孟家峰,郭召杰,方世虎.准噶尔盆地西北缘冲断构造新解[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3):171-180.Meng Jiafeng,Guo Zhaojie,Fang Shihu.A new insight into thethrust structures at the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(3):171-180.
[19]张越迁,汪新,李震华,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘乌尔禾-夏子街走滑构造及油气勘探意义[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):447-450.Zhang Yueqian,Wang Xin,Li Zhenhua,et al.Strike-slip deforma-tion of Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic and exploration implications inthe N-Western margin of the Junggar basin,Xinjiang,China[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):447-450.
[20]Le Guerrou E,Cobbold P R.Influence of erosion and sedimenta-tion on strike-slip fault systems:Insights from analogue models[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(3):421-430.
[21]Suppe J,Connors C D,Zhang Yikun.Shear fault-bend folding[G]∥McClay K R.Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems.AAPG Memoir 82,2004:303-323.
[22]章辉若.准噶尔盆地北缘西段构造特征及其油气勘探意义[D].西安:西北大学,2007.Zhang Huiruo.The tectonic feature and its petroleum explorationmeaning in the western part of the northern Junggar Basin[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2007.
[23]杨庚,王晓波,李本亮,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘斜向挤压构造与油气分布规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(1):26-32.Yang Geng,Wang Xiaobo,Li Benliang,et al.Oblique compres-sional structures and hydrocarbon distribution patterns in thenorthwestern margin of the Junggar Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geolo-gy,2009,30(1):26-32.
[24]管树巍,张朝军,何登发,等.前陆冲断带复杂构造解析与建模———以准噶尔盆地南缘第一排背斜带为例[J].地质学报,2006,80(8):1131-1140.Guan Shuwei,Zhang Chaojun,He Dengfa,et al.Complex struc-tural analysis and modeling:The first row of anticlinal belt onthe southern margin of the Junggar Basin[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2006,80(8):1131-1140.
[25]Sylvester A G.Strike-slip faults[J].Geological Society of Ameri-ca Bulletin,1988,100(11):1666-1703.
[26]Finzi Y,Hearn E H,Ben-Zion Y,et al.Structural properties anddeformation patterns of evolving strike-slip faults:Numericalsimulations incorporating damage rheology[J].Pure and AppliedGeophysics,2009,166(10/11):1537-1573.
[27]陈书平,吕丁友,王应斌,等.渤海盆地新近纪—第四纪走滑作用及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):894-899.Chen Shuping,LüDingyou,Wang Yingbin,et al.Neogene-Qua-ternary strike-slip movement in Bohai Basin and its significancein petroleum exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):894-899.
[28]池英柳,赵文智.渤海湾盆地新生代走滑构造与油气聚集[J].石油学报,2000,21(2):14-20.Chi Yingliu,Zhao Wenzhi.Strike-slip deformation during the Ce-nozoic and its influence on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Bo-hai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(2):14-20.
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