四川盆地萎缩衰亡阶段构造层序地层及岩相古地理特征
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摘要
利用石油钻井和地震勘探资料,结合露头沉积相研究,在四川盆地白垩系-第三系中识别出4个不整合面及侵蚀沉积间断面和2个最大洪泛面。以此为基础,将四川盆地白垩系-第三系划分为4个构造层序和6个层序。以构造层序为单元,对四川盆地白垩系-第三系的沉积格局和沉积演化特征进行了研究。结果表明从早白垩世开始,四川盆地因受到周缘构造山系的多次逆冲推覆和构造侵位影响,特别是川东南断褶带自南东向北西的强烈挤压作用,使盆地向北西方向后退和由北向南收缩,沉积盆地逐渐萎缩衰亡,最终结束了四川前陆盆地的沉积历史。在这一过程的早期(早白垩世),在盆地西南角还有水道与西昌盆地相通,盆地处于开放状态;晚期(晚白垩世-第三纪),水道逐渐关闭,出现内陆干旱封闭盆地的盐湖沉积,具有一定的山间盆地沉积特征。
Using the data of drilling and seismic prospecting,outcropping sedimentary facies observation and description,the authors recognize 4 unconformities and erosion hiatus surfaces,2 maximum flooding surfaces within the Cretaceous-Tertiary in Sichuan Basin of China.Further more,they divide the Cretaceous-Tertiary into 4 tectonic sequences and 6 sequences.The characteristics of the Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary framework and evolution are studied by tectonic sequence units.The study shows that from the earlier Early Cretaceous,Sichuan Basin has been effected by multi-times thrust nappes and tectonic emplacements of the periphery structure mountain system.Especially,the strongly squeezing action from southeast to northwest in the fault-fold belt of the southeast of Sichuan Basin has made the basin recession towards northwest and shrink from north to south and the sedimentary basin gradually to atrophy and die out,and finally the sedimentary history of the Sichuan foreland basin ended.In the early period(Early Cretaceous),the basin was opening and the southwest of Sichuan Basin was connected to the Xichang basin by channels.Later(the Late Cretaceous to the Tertiary period),the channels closed gradually,the basin sedimentary of an inland,dry and enclosed saline lakes appeared,and this has the sedimentary characteristics of an intramontane basin.
Using the data of drilling and seismic prospecting,outcropping sedimentary facies observation and description,the authors recognize 4 unconformities and erosion hiatus surfaces,2 maximum flooding surfaces within the Cretaceous-Tertiary in Sichuan Basin of China.Further more,they divide the Cretaceous-Tertiary into 4 tectonic sequences and 6 sequences.The characteristics of the Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary framework and evolution are studied by tectonic sequence units.The study shows that from the earlier Early Cretaceous,Sichuan Basin has been effected by multi-times thrust nappes and tectonic emplacements of the periphery structure mountain system.Especially,the strongly squeezing action from southeast to northwest in the fault-fold belt of the southeast of Sichuan Basin has made the basin recession towards northwest and shrink from north to south and the sedimentary basin gradually to atrophy and die out,and finally the sedimentary history of the Sichuan foreland basin ended.In the early period(Early Cretaceous),the basin was opening and the southwest of Sichuan Basin was connected to the Xichang basin by channels.Later(the Late Cretaceous to the Tertiary period),the channels closed gradually,the basin sedimentary of an inland,dry and enclosed saline lakes appeared,and this has the sedimentary characteristics of an intramontane basin.
引文
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[2]许效松.盆山转移及造盆、造山过程分析[J].岩相古地理,1998,18(6):1-10.
[3]李勇,Allen P A,周荣辉,等.青藏高原东缘中新生代龙门山前陆盆地动力学及其与大陆碰撞作用的耦合关系[J].地质学报,2006,80(8):1101-1109.
[4]陈洪德,刘文均,郑荣才,等.层序地层学理论和研究方法[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1994.
[5]郝子文,姚冬生,谢贻谋,等.四川省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[6]苟宗海.四川龙门山中段前陆盆地沉积相与层序地层划分[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2000,20(4):79-88.
[7]曾洪扬,陈洪德,林良彪,等.川西前陆盆地晚三叠世构造层序岩相古地理特征[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(1):46-49.
[8]林良彪,陈洪德,胡晓强,等.四川盆地上三叠统构造层序划分及盆地演化[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(4):416-422.
[9]严金泉,郭战峰.东秦岭-大别造山带南缘印支期以来构造层序耦合特征分析[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,33(1):9-14.
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