琼东南盆地深水块体流构成及其沉积特征
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摘要
为了深化对琼东南盆地深水区沉积体系的认识,基于琼东南盆地深水区2D和3D地震资料,发现琼东南盆地深水区发育大量的块体流沉积.通过对块体流沉积进行精细刻画,识别出一些典型的块体流沉积特征:滑移体、陆坡陡崖、搬运块体、残余块体、挤压脊、逆冲断层以及块体流顶部的滞留沉积等.陡倾陆坡上块体流以杂乱反射为特征,地层变形剧烈,而宽缓陆坡上块体流以发育地层变形微弱的滑移体为特征,反映出陆坡角度对于块体流发育及其内部结构特征有明显的控制作用.大规模块体流沉积作为深海沉积的重要组成部分,对于深海沉积物的空间展布具有重要的控制作用:一方面,通过不规则顶面影响随后沉积物的输送通道和沉积体的内部结构;另一方面,对已沉积的地层产生直接的侵蚀作用,破坏原始沉积地层的内部结构,造成潜在储层中地质流体的逸散.因此,鉴于块体流对深水沉积体系重要的影响,有必要加强对块体流沉积的精细研究,以更好地指导深水油气勘探.
In order to understand the deepwater depositional system in Qiongdongnan basin better,this study interprets the deepwater depositional architectures based on the regional 2D and 3D seismic data and it is found that large-scale MTDs are well developed in Qiongdongnan basin.According to the detailed study on MTDs,typical elements have been identified such as slide,escarpment,transported blocks,remnant blocks,compression ridge,thrust fault and ponded depositon on the irregular top surface.The MTDs on the slope with steep angles are characterized by chaotic seismic facies with tense deformation,while those on the gentle-angle slope are characterized by the slide with less deformation,which indicates that the angle of the slope has obvious control effect on the development and internal architecture features of MTDs.Being regarded as an important part of deepwater deposition,MTDs have an important effect on the spatial distribution of sediment in deepwater.On the one hand,the irregular top surface of MTDs affects the distribution and internal architecture of succedent sediments;on the other hand,MTDs erodes the former strata directly and wrecks the internal structure of former strata.And also,the erosion can give rise to effusion of the fluid in potential reservoir.Hence,according to its important role in deepwater deposition system,it is necessary to further the elaborate study on the MTDs to make the deepwater exploration more efficiently.
In order to understand the deepwater depositional system in Qiongdongnan basin better,this study interprets the deepwater depositional architectures based on the regional 2D and 3D seismic data and it is found that large-scale MTDs are well developed in Qiongdongnan basin.According to the detailed study on MTDs,typical elements have been identified such as slide,escarpment,transported blocks,remnant blocks,compression ridge,thrust fault and ponded depositon on the irregular top surface.The MTDs on the slope with steep angles are characterized by chaotic seismic facies with tense deformation,while those on the gentle-angle slope are characterized by the slide with less deformation,which indicates that the angle of the slope has obvious control effect on the development and internal architecture features of MTDs.Being regarded as an important part of deepwater deposition,MTDs have an important effect on the spatial distribution of sediment in deepwater.On the one hand,the irregular top surface of MTDs affects the distribution and internal architecture of succedent sediments;on the other hand,MTDs erodes the former strata directly and wrecks the internal structure of former strata.And also,the erosion can give rise to effusion of the fluid in potential reservoir.Hence,according to its important role in deepwater deposition system,it is necessary to further the elaborate study on the MTDs to make the deepwater exploration more efficiently.
引文
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Frey-Martinez,J.,Cartwright,J.,Hall,B.,2005.3Dseismicinterpretation of slump complexes:examples from the continental margin of Israel.Basin Research,17(1):83-108.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2005.00255.x
Frey-Martinez,J.,Cartwright,J.,James,D.,2006.Frontallyconfined versus frontally emergent submarine landslides:a3Dseismic characterisation.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(5):585-604.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.04.002
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He,J.X.,Yan,W.,Ma,W.H.,et al.,2010.Analogy of oiland gas geology between quasi-passive margin of northern South China Sea and global oil and gas enriched areas in deep water.Natural Gas Geoscience,21(6):897908,995(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,Y.L.,Xie,X.N.,Li,J.L.,et al.,2010.Depositionalcharacteristics and controlling factors of continentalslope system in the Qiongdongnan basin.GeologicalScience and Technology Information,29(2):118-122(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Li,C.G.,Fan,F.X.,Yan,J.,2007.The slipping zone in thenorth of the shelf break in the East China Sea.MarineSciences,31(5):90-92(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,M.B.,Jin,X.L.,Li,J.B.,et al.,2005.Miocene deposition and Palaeo-slope evolvement of the middle part of northern continental slope in the South China Sea.ActaOceanologica Sinica,27(3):73-79(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Li,Q.Y.,Zheng,H.B.,Zhong,G.F.,et al.,2005.Tectonicevents indicated by Late Oligocene slumped depositsfrom the South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal ofChina University of Geosciences,30(1):19-24(inChinese with English abstract).
Liu,B.H.,Li,X.S.,Zhao,Y.X.,et al.,2005.Debris transport on the western continental slope of the Okinawatrough:slumping and gravity flowing.Oceanologia etLimnologia Sinica,36(1):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Posamentier,H.W.,Kolla,V.,2003.Seismic geomorphologyand stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-watersettings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,73(3):367-388.doi:10.1306/111302730367
Ren,J.Y.,L,S.T.,2000.Spreading and dynamic setting ofmarginal basins of the western Pacific.Earth ScienceFrontiers,7(3):203-213(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sangree,J.B.,Widmier,J.M.,1978.Seismic stratigraphyand global changes of sea-level,part9:seismic interpretation of clastic depositional facies.American Association of Petroleum Geologists,62(5):752-771.
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Strachan,L.J.,2002.Slump-initiated and controlled syndepositional sandstone remobilization:an example fromthe Namurian of County Clare,Ireland.Sedimentology,49(1):25-41.doi:10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00430.x
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Bull,S.,Cartwright,J.,Huuse,M.,2009.A review of kinematic indicators from mass-transport complexes using3Dseismic data.Marine and Petroleum Geology,26(7):1132-1151.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.01.018
Canals,M.,Lastrasa,G.,Urgelesa,R.,et al.,2004.Slopefailure dynamics and impacts from seafloor and shallowsub-seafloor geophysical data:case studies from theCOSTA project.Marine Geology,213(1-4):9-72.doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.001
Casas,D.,Ercilla,G.,Baraza,J.,et al.,2003.Recent massmovement processes on the Ebro continental slope(NWMediterranean).Marine and Petroleum Geology,20(5):445-457.doi:10.1016/S0264-8172(03)00078-3
Dykstra,M.,Kneller,B.,Milana,J.P.,2006.Deglacial andpostglacial sedimentary architecture in a deeply incisedpaleovalley:paleofjord-the Pennsylvanian(Late Carboniferous)Jejenes Formation,San Juan,Argentina.Geological Society of America Bulletin,118(7-8):913937.doi:10.1130/B25810.1
Frey-Martinez,J.,Cartwright,J.,Hall,B.,2005.3Dseismicinterpretation of slump complexes:examples from the continental margin of Israel.Basin Research,17(1):83-108.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2005.00255.x
Frey-Martinez,J.,Cartwright,J.,James,D.,2006.Frontallyconfined versus frontally emergent submarine landslides:a3Dseismic characterisation.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(5):585-604.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.04.002
Gee,M.J.R.,Gawthorpe,R.L.,Friedmann,J.S.,2005.Giant striations at the base of a submarine landslide.Marine Geology,214(1-3):287-294.doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.09.003
Gee,M.J.R.,Gawthorpe,R.L.,Friedmann,S.J.,2006.Triggering and evolution of a giant submarine landslide,offshore Angola,revealed by3Dseismic stratigraphyand geomorphology.Journal of Sedimentary Research,76(1):9-19.doi:10.2110/jsr.2006.02
Gee,M.J.R.,Uy,H.S.,Warren,J.,et al.,2007.The Brunei slide:agiant submarine landslide on the NorthWest Borneo margin revealed by3Dseismic data.Marine Geology,246(1):9-23.doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2007.07.009
Gong,Z.S.,2004.Neotectonics and petroleum accumulationin offshore Chinese basins.Earth Science—Journal ofChina University of Geosciences,29(5):513-517(inChinese with English abstract).
He,J.X.,Yan,W.,Ma,W.H.,et al.,2010.Analogy of oiland gas geology between quasi-passive margin of northern South China Sea and global oil and gas enriched areas in deep water.Natural Gas Geoscience,21(6):897908,995(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,Y.L.,Xie,X.N.,Li,J.L.,et al.,2010.Depositionalcharacteristics and controlling factors of continentalslope system in the Qiongdongnan basin.GeologicalScience and Technology Information,29(2):118-122(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huvenne,V.A.I.,Croker,P.F.,Henriet,J.P.,2002.A refreshing3Dview of an ancient sediment collapse andslope failure.Terra Nova,14(1):33-40.doi:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00386.x
Lewis,K.B.,1971.Slumping on a continental slope inclinedat1°-4°.Sedimentology,16(1-2):97-110.doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1971.tb00221.x
Li,C.G.,Fan,F.X.,Yan,J.,2007.The slipping zone in thenorth of the shelf break in the East China Sea.MarineSciences,31(5):90-92(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,M.B.,Jin,X.L.,Li,J.B.,et al.,2005.Miocene deposition and Palaeo-slope evolvement of the middle part of northern continental slope in the South China Sea.ActaOceanologica Sinica,27(3):73-79(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Li,Q.Y.,Zheng,H.B.,Zhong,G.F.,et al.,2005.Tectonicevents indicated by Late Oligocene slumped depositsfrom the South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal ofChina University of Geosciences,30(1):19-24(inChinese with English abstract).
Liu,B.H.,Li,X.S.,Zhao,Y.X.,et al.,2005.Debris transport on the western continental slope of the Okinawatrough:slumping and gravity flowing.Oceanologia etLimnologia Sinica,36(1):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Locat,J.,Lee,H.,2009.Submarine mass movements andtheir consequences:an overview.In:Sassa,K.,Canuti,P.,eds.,Landslides-disaster risk reduction.SpringerVerlag,Berlin,115-142.
Micallef,A.,Masson,D.G.,Berndt,C.,et al.,2009.Development and mass movement processes of the north-easternStoregga slide.Quaternary Science Reviews,28(5-6):433-448.doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.026
Moscardelli,L.,Wood,L.,Mann,P.,2006.Mass-transportcomplexes and associated processes in the offshore areaof Trinidad and Venezuela.AAPG Bulletin,90:10591088.doi:10.1306/02210605052
Owen,M.,Day,S.,Maslin,M.,2007.Late Pleistocene submarine mass movements:occurrence and causes.Quaternary Science Reviews,26(7-8):958-978.doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.12.011
Pickering,K.T.,Corregidor,J.,2005.Mass-transport complexes,(MTCs)and tectonic control on basin-floor submarine fans,Middle Eocene,South Spanish Pyrenees.Journal of Sedimentary Research,75(5):761-783.doi:10.2110/jsr.2005.062
Posamentier,H.W.,Kolla,V.,2003.Seismic geomorphologyand stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-watersettings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,73(3):367-388.doi:10.1306/111302730367
Ren,J.Y.,L,S.T.,2000.Spreading and dynamic setting ofmarginal basins of the western Pacific.Earth ScienceFrontiers,7(3):203-213(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sangree,J.B.,Widmier,J.M.,1978.Seismic stratigraphyand global changes of sea-level,part9:seismic interpretation of clastic depositional facies.American Association of Petroleum Geologists,62(5):752-771.
Shao,L.,Pang,X.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2009.Late Oligocene tectonic event in the northern South China Sea and its implications.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,34(5):717-724(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Silva,A.J.,Baxter,C.D.P.,LaRosa,P.T.,et al.,2004.Investigation of mass wasting on the continental slope andrise.Marine Geology,203(3-4):355-366.doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00315-3
Strachan,L.J.,2002.Slump-initiated and controlled syndepositional sandstone remobilization:an example fromthe Namurian of County Clare,Ireland.Sedimentology,49(1):25-41.doi:10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00430.x
Stevenson,C.J.,Peakall,J.,2010.Effects of topography onlofting gravity flows:implications for the deposition ofdeep-water massive sands.Marine and Petroleum Geology,27:1366-1378.
Sun,Z.,Sun,L.T.,Zhou,D.,et al.,2009.Discussion on theSouth China Sea evolution and lithospheric breakupthrough3Danalogue modeling.Earth Science—Journalof China University of Geosciences,34(3):435-447(in Chinese with English abstract).
Vanneste,M.,Mienert,J.,Bunz,S.,2006.The Hinlopenslide:agiant,submarine slope failure on the northernSvalbard margin,Arctic Ocean.Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,245(1-2):373-388.doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.045
Wang,D.W.,Wu,S.G.,Qing,Z.L.,et al.,2009.Architecture and identification of large Quaternary mass transport depositions in the slope of South China Sea.MarineGeology and Quaternary Geology,29(5):65-72(inChinese with English abstract).
Wang,H.R.,Wang,Y.M.,Qiu,Y.,et al.,2008.Geomorphology and its control of deep-water slope of the margin of the South China Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,30(2):70-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,P.X.,Jian,Z.M.,Zhao,Q.H.,et al.,2003.Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep sea records.Chinese Science Bulletin,48(23):2549-2561.doi:10.1360/03wd0156
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