琼东南盆地深水区结构构造特征与油气勘探潜力
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摘要
在对新采集和处理的高精度地震资料进行详细的构造-地层解释的基础上,将琼东南盆地划分为北部隆起区、中央坳陷区和南部隆起区3个一级构造单元,并识别了重要的北西向"堑垒"构造带,表明盆地整体呈现"南北分带,东西分块"的基本构造格架特征。对北部隆起区和中央坳陷区重要分界地质标志——2号断裂系统开展了详细的地质构造解释和断裂活动性定量分析,证实2号断层具有区段式活动特征。研究了各构造单元凹陷的结构特征,识别出半地堑、地堑和复式地堑3种基本类型和与之对应的10种次级类型。以盆地构造单元划分为基础,结合已有地质资料和勘探成果,综合分析认为盆地各区带具有良好的油气勘探潜力。
According to analysis of the newly acquired high-quality seismic reflection data,the Qiongdongnan Basin is divided into three first-order structural units,i.e.northern uplift,central depression,and southern uplift.An NW-trending graben and horst belt is identified,showing that the structural framework of the basin is characterized by zones in the north-south direction and blocks in the west-east direction.A detailed interpretation of geological structures and quantitative analysis of faulting is carried out on the No.2 fault system,which is an important boundary marker between the northern uplift and the central depression.Results indicate that No.2 fault is characteristic of segmented faulting.The structural characteristics of sags in each structural unit is studied and the sags are classified into three types,half-graben,graben,and compound graben,which are further divided into ten subtypes.On the basis of the structural unit classification,along with existing geological data and exploration achievements,it is believed that the petroleum exploration potential is good in the structural units of the basin.
According to analysis of the newly acquired high-quality seismic reflection data,the Qiongdongnan Basin is divided into three first-order structural units,i.e.northern uplift,central depression,and southern uplift.An NW-trending graben and horst belt is identified,showing that the structural framework of the basin is characterized by zones in the north-south direction and blocks in the west-east direction.A detailed interpretation of geological structures and quantitative analysis of faulting is carried out on the No.2 fault system,which is an important boundary marker between the northern uplift and the central depression.Results indicate that No.2 fault is characteristic of segmented faulting.The structural characteristics of sags in each structural unit is studied and the sags are classified into three types,half-graben,graben,and compound graben,which are further divided into ten subtypes.On the basis of the structural unit classification,along with existing geological data and exploration achievements,it is believed that the petroleum exploration potential is good in the structural units of the basin.
引文
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[12]Huang B J,Xiao X M,Li X X.Geochemistry and origins of natural gases in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,offshore of South China Sea[J].Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(7):1009-1025.
[13]姜华,王华,肖军,等.应用古地貌分析方法进行有利区带预测:以琼东南盆地②号断裂带为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(4):436-441.Jiang Hua,Wang Hua,Xiao Jun,et al.Palaeogeomorphologic prediction of favorable zones:Take Fault②of Qiongdongnan Basin as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(4):436-441.
[14]刘杨,邵芸,于五一,等.烃类物质在海面的赋存特征与遥感检测:以中国南海海域为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(1):116-121.Liu Yang,Shao Yun,Yu Wuyi,et al.Expression of hydrocarbon on sea surface and its remote sensing detection:Taking the South China Sea area as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(1):116-121.
[15]Xia K,Xia S,Chen Z,et al.Geothermal characteristics of the South China Sea[M]//Gupta M L,Yamano M.Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal energy in Asia.New Delhi:IBH Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.,1995.
[16]Taylor B H D E.Origin and history of the South China Sea Basin[M]//Hayes D E.Tectonic and geologic evolution of southeast Asian seas and islands.Washington D C:American Geophysical Union,1980:23-56.
[17]雷超,任建业,裴健翔,等.琼东南盆地深水区构造格局和幕式演化过程分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(1):151-162.Lei Chao,Ren Jianye,Pei Jianxiang,et al.Tectonic framework and multiple episode tectonic evolution in deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin,northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(1):151-162.
[18]钟志洪,王良书,李绪宣,等.琼东南盆地古近系沉积充填演化及其区域构造意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):29-36.Zhong Zhihong,Wang Liangshu,Li Xuxuan,et al.The Paleogene basin-filling evolution of Qiongdongnan Basin and its relation with seafloor spreading of the South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2004,24(1):29-36.
[19]Gawthorpe R L,Leedert M R.Tectono-sedimentary evolution of active extensional basins[J].Basin Research,2000,12:195-218.
[20]朱伟林.中国近海新生代含油气盆地古湖泊学与烃源条件[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.Zhu Weilin.Characteristics of paleolimnology and source rock in oil-bearing basins offshore China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.
[21]姚根顺,袁圣强,吴时国,等.琼东南盆地深水区双物源沉积模式及勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):685-691.Yao Genshun,Yuan Shengqiang,Wu Shiguo,et al.Double provenance depositional model and exploration prospect in deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):685-691.
[22]苏明,李俊良,姜涛,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷的形态及成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):85-93.Su Ming,Li Junliang,Jiang Tao,et al.Morphological features and formation mechanism of central canyon in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(4):85-93.
[23]Wu S G,Yuan S Q,Zhang G C,et al.Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(6):817-823.
[24]吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,等.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):22-26,32.Wu Shiguo,Sun Qiliang,Wu Tuoyu,et al.Polygonal fault and oil-gas accumulation in deep-water area of Qiongdongnan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(1):22-26,32.
[25]王秀娟,吴时国,王大伟,等.琼东南盆地多边形断层在流体运移和天然气水合物成藏中的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):122-128.Wang Xiujuan,Wu Shiguo,Wang Dawei,et al.The role of polygonal faults in fluid migration and gas hydrate reservoir forming in Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(1):122-128.
[2]朱伟林.南海北部深水区油气勘探关键地质问题[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1059-1064.Zhu Weilin.Some key geological issues on oil and gas exploration in the northern deepwater area of the South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(8):1059-1064.
[3]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区:南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-22.Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Wu Shiguo,et al.Deepwater area:The new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-22.
[4]吴时国,姚根顺,董冬冬,等.南海北部陆坡大型气田区天然气水合物的成藏地质构造特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):324-328.Wu Shiguo,Yao Genshun,Dong Dongdong,et al.Geological structures for forming gas hydrate reservoir in the huge deepwater gas field of the northern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):324-328.
[5]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,等.南海珠江深水扇系统及油气[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Peng Dajun,et al.The Pearl River deep-water fan system and petroleum in South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[6]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.Gong Zaisheng,Li Sitian,Xie Taijun,et al.Basin analysis and oil-gas accumulation on the northern continental margin of South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.
[7]Zhu W L,Huang B J,Mi L J,et al.Geochemistry,origin,and deep-water exploration potential of natural gases in the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan Basins,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(6):741-761.
[8]罗东红,邹信波,梁卫,等.珠江口盆地LFX13-1油田Z37油藏高采收率剖析[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):601-607.Luo Donghong,Zou Xinbo,Liang Wei,et al.Analyses on the high recovery of Z37 reservoir in LFX13-1 Oilfield,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):601-607.
[9]王振峰,何家雄,裴秋波.莺-琼盆地和珠江口盆地西部CO2成因及运聚分布特征[J].中国海上油气:地质,2003,17(5):293-297 Wang Zhenfeng,He Jiaxiong,Pei Qiubo.The origin and migration-accumulation features of CO2 in Yingqiong Basin and the western Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Geology,2003,17(5):293-297.
[10]佟殿君,任建业,雷超,等.琼东南盆地深水区岩石圈伸展模式及其对裂后期沉降的控制[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(6):963-974.Tong Dianjun,Ren Jianye,Lei Chao,et al.Lithosphere stretching model of deep water in Qiongdongnan Basin,northern continental margin of South China Sea and controlling of the post-rift subsidence[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2009,34(6):963-974.
[11]何家雄,刘海龄,姚永坚,等.南海北部边缘盆地油气地质及资源前景[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.He Jiaxiong,Liu Hailing,Yao Yongjian,et al.Petroleum geology and its exploration potential in petroleum-bearing basin in northern 2011年10月雷超等:琼东南盆地深水区结构构造特征与油气勘探潜力margin of South China Sea[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[12]Huang B J,Xiao X M,Li X X.Geochemistry and origins of natural gases in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,offshore of South China Sea[J].Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(7):1009-1025.
[13]姜华,王华,肖军,等.应用古地貌分析方法进行有利区带预测:以琼东南盆地②号断裂带为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(4):436-441.Jiang Hua,Wang Hua,Xiao Jun,et al.Palaeogeomorphologic prediction of favorable zones:Take Fault②of Qiongdongnan Basin as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(4):436-441.
[14]刘杨,邵芸,于五一,等.烃类物质在海面的赋存特征与遥感检测:以中国南海海域为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(1):116-121.Liu Yang,Shao Yun,Yu Wuyi,et al.Expression of hydrocarbon on sea surface and its remote sensing detection:Taking the South China Sea area as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(1):116-121.
[15]Xia K,Xia S,Chen Z,et al.Geothermal characteristics of the South China Sea[M]//Gupta M L,Yamano M.Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal energy in Asia.New Delhi:IBH Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.,1995.
[16]Taylor B H D E.Origin and history of the South China Sea Basin[M]//Hayes D E.Tectonic and geologic evolution of southeast Asian seas and islands.Washington D C:American Geophysical Union,1980:23-56.
[17]雷超,任建业,裴健翔,等.琼东南盆地深水区构造格局和幕式演化过程分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(1):151-162.Lei Chao,Ren Jianye,Pei Jianxiang,et al.Tectonic framework and multiple episode tectonic evolution in deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin,northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(1):151-162.
[18]钟志洪,王良书,李绪宣,等.琼东南盆地古近系沉积充填演化及其区域构造意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):29-36.Zhong Zhihong,Wang Liangshu,Li Xuxuan,et al.The Paleogene basin-filling evolution of Qiongdongnan Basin and its relation with seafloor spreading of the South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2004,24(1):29-36.
[19]Gawthorpe R L,Leedert M R.Tectono-sedimentary evolution of active extensional basins[J].Basin Research,2000,12:195-218.
[20]朱伟林.中国近海新生代含油气盆地古湖泊学与烃源条件[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.Zhu Weilin.Characteristics of paleolimnology and source rock in oil-bearing basins offshore China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.
[21]姚根顺,袁圣强,吴时国,等.琼东南盆地深水区双物源沉积模式及勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):685-691.Yao Genshun,Yuan Shengqiang,Wu Shiguo,et al.Double provenance depositional model and exploration prospect in deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):685-691.
[22]苏明,李俊良,姜涛,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷的形态及成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):85-93.Su Ming,Li Junliang,Jiang Tao,et al.Morphological features and formation mechanism of central canyon in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(4):85-93.
[23]Wu S G,Yuan S Q,Zhang G C,et al.Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(6):817-823.
[24]吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,等.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):22-26,32.Wu Shiguo,Sun Qiliang,Wu Tuoyu,et al.Polygonal fault and oil-gas accumulation in deep-water area of Qiongdongnan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(1):22-26,32.
[25]王秀娟,吴时国,王大伟,等.琼东南盆地多边形断层在流体运移和天然气水合物成藏中的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):122-128.Wang Xiujuan,Wu Shiguo,Wang Dawei,et al.The role of polygonal faults in fluid migration and gas hydrate reservoir forming in Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(1):122-128.
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