小浪底库岸1~#滑坡体安全评价
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摘要
库岸稳定分析一般假定材料参数为常量,与库水位升降时材料参数随饱和状态变化而变化的实际情况不符,计算精度受限,影响库岸安全评判。基于非饱和土力学理论与有效应力原理,定义材料参数为饱和度的函数,引入非饱和流固耦合模型进行库岸稳定数值分析。以小浪底库岸1#滑坡体为例,进行水位升降、降雨、地震等因素的影响分析,并与相关成果进行对比。研究表明:将材料参数定义为饱和度的函数时,可以更好地描述土体的湿化过程;非饱和流固耦合模型的分析结果与实际情况基本相符,该模型可用于库岸稳定分析;相对于极限平衡法而言,有限单元法可以考虑材料的本构关系,并能提供渗流、应力位移等信息,更适用于库岸稳定性分析。研究成果可供库岸安全评价与防治时参考。
Generally,material parameters are assumed as constant in stability analysis of reservoir bank;it is inconsistent with the fact that material parameters would vary with change in saturation state as change in water level.The precision of calculation is limited;thus safety judgment of bank is influenced.Based on theory of unsaturated soil mechanics and principle of effective stress,not only material parameters are assumed as the function of saturation,but also the model of unsaturated liquid-solid coupling is introduced to numerical analysis of bank stability.Taking landslide No.1 at the bank of Xiaolangdi Reservoir for example,several works such as change in water level,rainfall,earthquake,etc.are carried out as well as the contrast of correlative results are worked out.Study shows that results of the model of unsaturated liquid-solid coupling are consistent with the fact basically;thus the model can be used to analyze the stability of reservoir bank.Moreover,material parameters defined as the function of saturation state,soak process of soil can be described better.Finally,relative to limit equilibrium method,not only constitute relation of stress and strain about material can be considered,but also results of seepage,stress,displacement,etc.can be achieved with the finite element method;thus it will be applicable to stability analysis of bank.The research results can be used as reference for safety evaluation and prevention and treatment of reservoir banks.
Generally,material parameters are assumed as constant in stability analysis of reservoir bank;it is inconsistent with the fact that material parameters would vary with change in saturation state as change in water level.The precision of calculation is limited;thus safety judgment of bank is influenced.Based on theory of unsaturated soil mechanics and principle of effective stress,not only material parameters are assumed as the function of saturation,but also the model of unsaturated liquid-solid coupling is introduced to numerical analysis of bank stability.Taking landslide No.1 at the bank of Xiaolangdi Reservoir for example,several works such as change in water level,rainfall,earthquake,etc.are carried out as well as the contrast of correlative results are worked out.Study shows that results of the model of unsaturated liquid-solid coupling are consistent with the fact basically;thus the model can be used to analyze the stability of reservoir bank.Moreover,material parameters defined as the function of saturation state,soak process of soil can be described better.Finally,relative to limit equilibrium method,not only constitute relation of stress and strain about material can be considered,but also results of seepage,stress,displacement,etc.can be achieved with the finite element method;thus it will be applicable to stability analysis of bank.The research results can be used as reference for safety evaluation and prevention and treatment of reservoir banks.
引文
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[12]王环玲,徐卫亚,童富国.泄洪雾雨区裂隙岩质边坡饱和-非饱和渗流场与应力场耦合分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2 397-2 403.(WANG Huanling,XU Weiya,TONG Fuguo.Coupled analysis of fracture rock mass slope saturated-unsaturated seepage field and stress field in flood discharge atomized rain area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2 397-2 403.(in Chinese))
[13]徐平,李同录,李萍.考虑非饱和渗流作用下三峡库岸滑坡稳定性研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(1):7-12.(XU Ping,LI Tonglu,LI Ping.Stability study on Majiagou Landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Area with consideration of unsaturated seepage[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2010,21(1):7-12.(in Chinese))
[14]沈珠江.非饱和土简化固结理论及其应用[J].水利水运工程学报,2003,(4):1-6.(SHEN Zhujiang.Simplified consolidation theory for unsaturated soils and its application[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2003,(4):1-6.(in Chinese))
[15]GEO-SLOPE International Ltd..GEO-SLOPE user's manual[R].Alberta,Canada:GEO-SLOPE International Ltd.,2001.
[16]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司.黄河小浪底枢纽近坝岸(边)坡外部变形测量成果报告(1998-2006年)[R].郑州:黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,2006.(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd..Report of results on measure results of outer displacement near dam slope of Xiaolangdi hinge in Yellow river(1998-2006)[R].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]李明俊,齐三红,郭卫新,等.小浪底库区1#滑坡体稳定性分析及变形监测[J].黄河水利职业技术学院学报,2000,12(3):1-3.(LI Mingjun,QI Sanhong,GUO Weixin,et al.Stability analysis and deformation monitor of landslide No.1 in Xiaolangdi Reservoir[J].Journal of Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute,2000,12(3):1-3.(in Chinese))
[3]李季,苏怀智,胡江.龙羊峡近坝库岸滑坡群稳定性分析及预警技术研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(5):599-604.(LI Ji,SU Huaizhi,HU Jiang.Stability analysis and early-warning technology of landslides near Longyangxia Dam[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Science),2008,36(5):599-604.(in Chinese))
[4]邓华锋,李建林,王乐华,等.基于强度折减法的库岸滑坡三维有限元分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5):1 604-1 608.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,WANG Lehua,et al.3D finite element analysis of reservoir bank landslide based on strength reduction method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(5):1 604-1 608.(in Chinese))
[5]陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析——原理、方法、程序[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003:254-256.(CHEN Zuyu.Soil slope stability analysis—theory,methods and programs[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2003:254-256.(in Chinese))
[6]徐文杰,王立朝,胡瑞林.库水位升降作用下大型土石混合体边坡流-固耦合特性及其稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1 491-1 498.(XU Wenjie,WANG Lichao,HU Ruilin.Liquid-solid coupling characteristics and stability analysis of soil-rock mixture slope in rising and drawdown of reservoir water levels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(7):1 491-1 498.(in Chinese))
[7]柴军瑞,李守义.三峡库区泄滩滑坡渗流场与应力场耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1 280-1 284.(CHAI Junrui,LI Shouyi.Coupling analysis of seepage and stress fields in Xietan landslide in Three Gorges region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1 280-1 284.(in Chinese))
[8]FREDLUND D G,RAHARDJO H.Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,1993.
[9]郭剑峰,陈正汉,孙树国.考虑非饱和特性的小浪底大坝边坡稳定分析[J].后勤工程学院学报,2007,23(4):45-49.(GUO Jianfeng,CHEN Zhenghan,SUN Shuguo,et al.Slope stability analysis of Xiaolangdi dam considering the unsaturated characteristies of its clay sloping core[J].Journal of Logistical Encinefring University,2007,23(4):45-49.(in Chinese))
[10]廖红建,盛谦,高石夯,等.库水位下降对滑坡体稳定性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3 454-3 458.(LIAO Hongjian,SHENG Qian,GAO Shihang,et al.Influence of drawdown of reservoir water level on landslide stability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3 454-3 458.(in Chinese))
[11]柳群义,朱自强,何现启,等.水位涨落对库岸滑坡孔隙水压力影响的非饱和渗流分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(增):85-89.(LIU Qunyi,ZHU Ziqiang,HE Xianqi,et al.Unsaturated seepage analysis of the influence of water level fluctuation on pore water pressure of landslide in reservoir area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(Supp).:85-89.(in Chinese))
[12]王环玲,徐卫亚,童富国.泄洪雾雨区裂隙岩质边坡饱和-非饱和渗流场与应力场耦合分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2 397-2 403.(WANG Huanling,XU Weiya,TONG Fuguo.Coupled analysis of fracture rock mass slope saturated-unsaturated seepage field and stress field in flood discharge atomized rain area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2 397-2 403.(in Chinese))
[13]徐平,李同录,李萍.考虑非饱和渗流作用下三峡库岸滑坡稳定性研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(1):7-12.(XU Ping,LI Tonglu,LI Ping.Stability study on Majiagou Landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Area with consideration of unsaturated seepage[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2010,21(1):7-12.(in Chinese))
[14]沈珠江.非饱和土简化固结理论及其应用[J].水利水运工程学报,2003,(4):1-6.(SHEN Zhujiang.Simplified consolidation theory for unsaturated soils and its application[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2003,(4):1-6.(in Chinese))
[15]GEO-SLOPE International Ltd..GEO-SLOPE user's manual[R].Alberta,Canada:GEO-SLOPE International Ltd.,2001.
[16]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司.黄河小浪底枢纽近坝岸(边)坡外部变形测量成果报告(1998-2006年)[R].郑州:黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,2006.(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd..Report of results on measure results of outer displacement near dam slope of Xiaolangdi hinge in Yellow river(1998-2006)[R].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,2006.(in Chinese))
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