阿克库勒地区三叠系湖底扇沉积及其主控因素
摘要
综合应用地震、测井、岩心、粒度分析等资料,对塔里木盆地阿克库勒地区中、上三叠统湖底扇沉积特征及其主控因素进行分析。结果表明:研究区发育富砂型、富砾型两类湖底扇,二者在发育背景、沉积特征、控制因素及含油性等方面存在明显差异;富砂型湖底扇发育于研究区南部辫状河三角洲前方,物源为远源搬运,供给充足,规模大,分选中等,主要受古地貌控制,发育相对稳定;富砾型湖底扇仅在研究区北部轮台断裂附近发育,属近源搬运,规模小,粒度粗,分选极差,主要受断裂控制,具有阵发性特点;物源条件、古地貌以及触发机制的差异性控制了不同湖底扇的沉积特征;在富砂型湖底扇中发现了大量的油气藏,相对富砾型湖底扇更具有较大的油气勘探潜力。
Based on seismic,well logs,core and grain size analysis data,the sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of the middle and upper Triassic sublacustrine fans of Akekule area in Tarim Basin were researched.The results indicate that two kinds of fans,named sand-rich sublacustrine fan and conglomerate-rich sublacustrine fan,are developed in the study area.Significant differences were found between these two types of fans in the aspects of development settings,sedimentary characteristics,main controlling factors and oiliness.The sand-rich sublacustrine fan is located in front of the braided river delta and mainly develops in the southern part of the research area.The fan,far from the source,develops stably with moderate sorting and wide distribution.It is mainly controlled by palaeogeomorphy.On the contrary,the conglomerate-rich sublacustrine fan,whose paroxysmal development is largely influenced by faulting,develops in the northern part of the research area,near the Luntai fault.As a result,this fan is small in scale,close to the source area,and coarse-grained with poor sorting.The source,the palaeogeomorphy and the trigger mechanism together determine the characteristic difference of sublacustrine fan sediment.Since a great number of reservoirs were discovered within the sand-rich sublacustrine fans,it can be concluded that sand-rich sublacustrine fan has better prospect for petroleum exploration compared with conglomerate-rich fan.
Based on seismic,well logs,core and grain size analysis data,the sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of the middle and upper Triassic sublacustrine fans of Akekule area in Tarim Basin were researched.The results indicate that two kinds of fans,named sand-rich sublacustrine fan and conglomerate-rich sublacustrine fan,are developed in the study area.Significant differences were found between these two types of fans in the aspects of development settings,sedimentary characteristics,main controlling factors and oiliness.The sand-rich sublacustrine fan is located in front of the braided river delta and mainly develops in the southern part of the research area.The fan,far from the source,develops stably with moderate sorting and wide distribution.It is mainly controlled by palaeogeomorphy.On the contrary,the conglomerate-rich sublacustrine fan,whose paroxysmal development is largely influenced by faulting,develops in the northern part of the research area,near the Luntai fault.As a result,this fan is small in scale,close to the source area,and coarse-grained with poor sorting.The source,the palaeogeomorphy and the trigger mechanism together determine the characteristic difference of sublacustrine fan sediment.Since a great number of reservoirs were discovered within the sand-rich sublacustrine fans,it can be concluded that sand-rich sublacustrine fan has better prospect for petroleum exploration compared with conglomerate-rich fan.
引文
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[13]刘桂珍,鲍志东,王英民.松辽盆地西斜坡古沟谷-坡折带特征及其对储层分布的控制[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(6):12-16.LIUGui-zhen,BAO Zhi-dong,WANG Ying-min.Char-acteristics of valley-slope break zone in the western slopeof Songliao Basin and its control over reservoir distribu-tion[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edi-tion of Natural Science),2008,32(6):12-16.
[14]冯有良.断陷湖盆沟谷及构造坡折对砂体的控制作用[J].石油学报,2006,27(1):13-16.FENG You-liang.Control of valley and tectonic slope-break zone on sand bodies in rift-subsidence basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(1):13-16.
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[16]鄢继华,陈世悦,宋国奇,等.三角洲前缘滑塌浊积岩形成过程初探[J].沉积学报,2004,22(4):573-578.YAN Ji-hua,CHENShi-yue,SONG Guo-qi,et al.Pre-liminary study on the formation of fluxoturbidite in frontof delta[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(4):573-578.
[17]操应长,刘晖.湖盆三角洲沉积坡度带特征及其与滑塌浊积岩分布关系的初步探讨[J].地质论评,2007,53(4):454-459.CHAO Ying-chang,LIU Hui.Discussion on the rela-tionship between distribution of fluxoturbidite and depo-sitional slope of delta in lacustrine basin[J].GeologicalReview,2007,53(4):454-459.
[18]郑荣才,文华国,韩永林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区长6油层组湖底滑塌浊积扇沉积特征及其研究意义[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,33(6):566-575.ZHENG Rong-cai,WEN Hua-guo,HAN Yong-lin,etal.Discovery and significance of sublacustrine slumpturbidite fans in Chang 6 oil-bearing formation of Baibaoregion in Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu U-niversity of Technology(Science of Technology Edition),2006,33(6):566-575.
[19]MALETJ P,LAIGLE D,REMAITRE A,et al.Trigge-ring conditions and mobility of debris flows associated tocomplex earthflows[J].Geomaorphology,2005,66(1/4):215-235.
[2]WALKER R G.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancientsubmarine fans:models for exploration for stratigraphictraps[J].American Association of Petroleum GeologistsBulletin,1978,62(6):932-966.
[3]READING H G,RICHARDS M.Turbidite systems indeep-water basin margins classified by grain size andfeeder system[J].American Association of PetroleumGeologists Bulletin,1994,78(5):792-822.
[4]刘招君.湖泊水下扇沉积特征及影响因素:以伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组为例[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):148-154.LIU Zhao-jun.Lacus subaqueous fan sedimentary charac-teristics and influence factors:a case study of Shuangyangformation in Moliqing fault subsidence of Yitong Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(1):148-154.
[5]柳成志,霍广君,张冬玲.辽河盆地西部凹陷冷家油田沙三段扇三角洲:湖底扇沉积模式[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(1):1-4.LIU Cheng-zhi,HUO Guang-jun,ZHANG Dong-ling.Fan delta sublacustrine fan sedimentary models of S3member in Lengjia Oilfield in Liaohe Basin[J].Journal ofDaqing Petroleum Institute,1999,23(1):1-4.
[6]蔺连第,朗艳,金蕙,等.二连盆地乌里雅斯太凹陷早白垩世湖底扇[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):27-32.LIN Lian-di,LANG Yan,JIN Hui,et al.Early creta-ceous sublacustrine fan in Wuliyasitai sag,Erlian Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(3):27-32.
[7]周永昌,杨国龙.塔里木盆地阿克库勒地区油气地质特征及勘探前景[J].石油学报,2001,22(3):1-5.ZHOU Yong-chang,YANG Guo-long.The character andprospect of the petroleum geology of the area of Akekulein Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(3):1-5.
[8]朱建伟,刘招君,魏志平,等.吉林省伊通地堑莫里青断陷水下扇沉积特征[J].古地理学报,2002,4(3):67-73.ZHUJian-wei,LIUZhao-jun,WEI Zhi-ping,et al.Sub-aqueous fans sedimentary features of Moliqing fault de-pression in Yitong graben of Jilin province[J].Journal ofPalaeogeography,2002,4(3):67-73.
[9]孙连浦,刘招君,李本才,等.水下扇岩相特征及形成机制[J].世界地质,2001,20(3):249-256.SUN Lian-pu,LIU Zhao-jun,LI Ben-cai,et al.Subma-rine fans:characterristics of rock facies and mechanismsof deposition[J].World Geology,2001,20(3):249-256.
[10]鄢继华,陈世悦,姜在兴.东营凹陷北部陡坡带近岸水下扇沉积特征[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(1):12-16.YAN Ji-hua,CHEN Shi-yue,JIANG Zai-xing.Sedi-mentary characteristics of nearshore subaqueous fans insteep slope of Dongying depression[J].Journal of theUniversity of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Sci-ence),2005,29(1):12-16.
[11]王金铎,韩文功,于建国,等.东营凹陷沙三段浊积岩体系及其油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2003,30(6):24-29.WANG Jin-duo,HAN Wen-gong,YU Jian-guo,et al.Turbidity system in the third section of Shahejie forma-tion of Dongying sag and its implications on petroleumprospecting[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,30(6):24-29.
[12]陈广坡,王天奇,李林波,等.箕状断陷湖盆湖底扇特征及油气勘探:以二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷腾格尔组二段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(1):63-69.CHEN Guang-po,WANG Tian-qi,LI Lin-bo,et al.Characteristics of sublacustrine fan in half-graben riftlake basin and its petroleum prospecting:case study onthe second member of Tenggeer formation,Saihantalasag,Erlian Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Devel-opment,2010,37(1):63-69.
[13]刘桂珍,鲍志东,王英民.松辽盆地西斜坡古沟谷-坡折带特征及其对储层分布的控制[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(6):12-16.LIUGui-zhen,BAO Zhi-dong,WANG Ying-min.Char-acteristics of valley-slope break zone in the western slopeof Songliao Basin and its control over reservoir distribu-tion[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edi-tion of Natural Science),2008,32(6):12-16.
[14]冯有良.断陷湖盆沟谷及构造坡折对砂体的控制作用[J].石油学报,2006,27(1):13-16.FENG You-liang.Control of valley and tectonic slope-break zone on sand bodies in rift-subsidence basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(1):13-16.
[15]罗水亮,林承焰,翟启世,等.滨南油田毕家地区沙三下亚段沉积特征及沉积模式[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,27(2):12-17.LUO Shui-liang,LIN Cheng-yan,ZHAI Qi-shi,et al.Reservoir sedimentation characteristics and sedimenta-tion model of lower Es3of Bijia block in Binnan Oilfield[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition ofNatural Science),2009,27(2):12-17.
[16]鄢继华,陈世悦,宋国奇,等.三角洲前缘滑塌浊积岩形成过程初探[J].沉积学报,2004,22(4):573-578.YAN Ji-hua,CHENShi-yue,SONG Guo-qi,et al.Pre-liminary study on the formation of fluxoturbidite in frontof delta[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(4):573-578.
[17]操应长,刘晖.湖盆三角洲沉积坡度带特征及其与滑塌浊积岩分布关系的初步探讨[J].地质论评,2007,53(4):454-459.CHAO Ying-chang,LIU Hui.Discussion on the rela-tionship between distribution of fluxoturbidite and depo-sitional slope of delta in lacustrine basin[J].GeologicalReview,2007,53(4):454-459.
[18]郑荣才,文华国,韩永林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区长6油层组湖底滑塌浊积扇沉积特征及其研究意义[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,33(6):566-575.ZHENG Rong-cai,WEN Hua-guo,HAN Yong-lin,etal.Discovery and significance of sublacustrine slumpturbidite fans in Chang 6 oil-bearing formation of Baibaoregion in Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu U-niversity of Technology(Science of Technology Edition),2006,33(6):566-575.
[19]MALETJ P,LAIGLE D,REMAITRE A,et al.Trigge-ring conditions and mobility of debris flows associated tocomplex earthflows[J].Geomaorphology,2005,66(1/4):215-235.
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