南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏动力学模拟
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摘要
为进一步了解南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物的成藏匹配条件,利用典型二维地震剖面,构建了该区的地质模型,并对其进行了天然气水合物成藏动力学的模拟。研究结果表明:神狐海域具备天然气水合物成藏的温度、压力条件;生物气和热解气的资源潜力巨大,满足水合物形成的气源条件;运移条件优越,有利于天然气水合物的聚集成藏。并提出了该区天然气水合物的成藏模式。
The north slope of the South China Sea is structurally characterized by a passive continental margin and has various Cenozoic oil-and gas-bearing depositional basins,where hydrocarbon resources are abundant,and the geological and tectonic settings,the temperature and pressure regimes as well as the methane-generative potential of thick organic-rich sediments are all favorable for the formation of gas hydrate.As a result,this region is also an ideal area for studying gas hydrate accumulations.In order to understand natural conditions of the gas hydrate formation,based on the typical 2-dimensional seismic image of the Shenhu area,a geological model of gas hydrate reservoirs was established and a dynamic simulation of gas hydrate accumulations was carried out as well.The results indicated that the temperature and pressure of the Shenhu area are appropriate for gas hydrate accumulations,source rocks there have a huge gas-generative potential and hydrocarbon migration conditions are favorable,providing an abundant gas source and good pathways for the gas hydrate formation.A forecasting model of the gas hydrate formation was given based on basin analysis,indicating that the Shenhu area is a better prospect area of gas hydrate because of its huge potential of gas hydrate resources.
The north slope of the South China Sea is structurally characterized by a passive continental margin and has various Cenozoic oil-and gas-bearing depositional basins,where hydrocarbon resources are abundant,and the geological and tectonic settings,the temperature and pressure regimes as well as the methane-generative potential of thick organic-rich sediments are all favorable for the formation of gas hydrate.As a result,this region is also an ideal area for studying gas hydrate accumulations.In order to understand natural conditions of the gas hydrate formation,based on the typical 2-dimensional seismic image of the Shenhu area,a geological model of gas hydrate reservoirs was established and a dynamic simulation of gas hydrate accumulations was carried out as well.The results indicated that the temperature and pressure of the Shenhu area are appropriate for gas hydrate accumulations,source rocks there have a huge gas-generative potential and hydrocarbon migration conditions are favorable,providing an abundant gas source and good pathways for the gas hydrate formation.A forecasting model of the gas hydrate formation was given based on basin analysis,indicating that the Shenhu area is a better prospect area of gas hydrate because of its huge potential of gas hydrate resources.
引文
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[1]Kvenvolden K A,Ginsburg G D,Soloviev V A.Worldwide distri-bution of subaquatic gas hydrates[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1993,13(1):32-40.
[2]Clennell MB,Hovland M,Booth J S,et al.Formation of naturalgas hydrates in marine sedi ments1:Conceptual model of gas hy-drate growth conditioned by host sedi ment properties[J].Jour-nal of Geophysical Research,1999,104(B10):22985-23003.
[3]Kvenvolden K A.Methane hydrates and global cli mate[J].GlobalBiogeochemical Cycles,1988,2(3):221-229.
[4]Dickens G R,O’Neil J R,Rea D C,et al.Dissociation of oceanicmethane hydrate as a cause of the carbonisotope excursion at theend of the Paleocene[J].Paleoceanography,1995,10(6):965-971.
[5]Buffett B,Archer D.Global inventory of methane clathrate:Sen-sitivity to changes in the deep ocean[J].Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,2004,227:185-199.
[6]Grevemeyer I,Villinger H.Gas hydrate stability and the assess-ment of heat flowthrough continental margins[J].InternationalJournal of Geophysics,2001,145(3):647-660.
[7]樊栓狮,刘锋,陈多福.海洋天然气水合物的形成机理探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(5):524-530.Fan Shuanshi,Liu Feng,Chen Duofu.The research of the originmechanism of marine gas hydrate[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2004,15(5):524-530.
[8]陈多福,苏正,冯东.海底天然气渗漏系统水合物成藏过程及控制因素[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(3):38-46.Chen Duofu,Su Zheng,Feng Dong.Formation andits controllingfactors of gas hydrate reservoir in marine gas vent system[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2005,24(3):38-46.
[9]吴时国,姚根顺,董冬冬,等.南海北部陆坡大型气田区天然气水合物的成藏地质构造特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):324-328.Wu Shiguo,Yao Genshun,Dong Dongdong,et al.Geologicalstructures for forming gas hydrate reservoir in the huge deepwa-ter gas field of the northern South China Sea[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2008,29(3):324-328.
[10]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Wu Shiguo,et al.Deepwater area:The new prospecting targets of northern continental margin ofSouth China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.
[11]张光学,祝有海,梁金强,等.构造控制型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):605-612.Zhang Guangxue,Zhu Youhai,Liang Jinqiang,et al.Tectoniccontrols on gas hydrate deposits and their characteristics[J].Ge-osciences,2006,20(4):605-612.
[12]庞雄,陈长民,朱明,等.南海北部陆坡白云深水区油气成藏条件探讨[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(3):145-149.Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Zhu Ming,et al.Adiscussion abouthydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Baiyun deep-water area,the northern continental slope,South China Sea[J].China Off-shore Oil and Gas,2006,18(3):145-149.
[13]张功成.南海北部陆坡深水区构造演化及其特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):528-533.Zhang Gongcheng.Tectonic evolution of deepwater area of northerncontinental marginin South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):528-533.
[14]吴能有,杨胜雄,王宏斌,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的流体运移体系[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1641-1650.Wu Nengyou,Yang Shengxiong,Wang Hongbin,et al.Gas-bear-ing fluid influx sub-systemfor gas hydrate geological systeminShenhu area,northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2009,52(6):1641-1650.
[15]龚跃华,杨胜雄,王宏斌,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(2):210-216.Gong Yuehua,Yang Shengxiong,Wang Hongbin,et al.Gas hy-drate reservoir characteristics of Shenhu area,north slope of theSouth China Sea[J].Geoscience,2009,23(2):210-216.
[16]于兴河,张志杰,苏新,等.中国南海天然气水合物沉积成藏条件初探及其分布[J].地学前缘,2004,11(1):311-315.Yu Xinghe,Zhang Zhijie,Su Xin,et al.Pri mary discussion on ac-cumulation conditions for sedi mentation of gas hydrate and itsdistribution in South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(1):311-315.
[17]于兴河,张志杰.南海北部陆坡区新近系沉积体系特征与天然气水合物分布的关系[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):470-476.Yu Xinghe,Zhang Zhijie.Characteristics of Neogene depositionalsystems onthe northern continental slope of the South China Seaand their relationships with gas hydrate[J].Geology in China,2005,32(3):470-476.
[18]Sweeney J J,Burnham A K.Evaluation of a si mple model of vit-rinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(10):1559-1570.
[19]Burnham A K,Sweeney J J.Achemical kinetic model of vitrinitematuration and reflectance[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Ac-ta,1989,53(10):2649-2657.
[20]翟光明,王善书.中国石油地质志:卷十六:沿海大陆架及毗邻海域油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:101-121.Zhai Guangming,Wang Shanshu.Petroleum geology of China:Vol.16:Oil&gas bearing areas on the continental shelf and itsneighbouring regions[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1990:101-121.
[21]高红芳,杜德莉,钟广见.珠江口盆地沉降史定量模拟和分析[J].南海地质研究,2006(1):11-20.Gao Hongfang,Du Deli,Zhong Guangjian.Quantitative si mula-tion of subsidence history and analysis of Pearl River Mouth Ba-sinin South China Sea[J].Geological South China Sea,2006(1):11-20.
[22]吴能友,蔡秋容.南海大洋钻探184航次初步成果简介[J].海洋地质,1999(4):9-52.Wu Nengyou,Cai Qiurong.The introduction of preli minary re-port of ODP Leg184inthe South China Sea[J].Marine Geology,1999(4):9-52.
[23]黄永样,张光学.我国海域天然气水合物地质-地球物理特征及前景[M].北京:地质出版社,2009:95-105.Huang Yongyang,Zhang Guangxue.The geologic geophysicalcharacteristic and foreground of gas hydrate in China sea[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009:95-105.
[24]傅宁,米立军,张功成.珠江口盆地白云凹陷烃源岩及北部油气成因[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):32-38.Fu Ning,Mi Lijun,Zhang Gongcheng.Source rocks and origin ofoil and gas in the northern Baiyun Depression of Pearl RiverMouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):32-38.
[25]石万忠,陈红汉,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷地层压力演化与油气运移模拟[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):229-236.Shi Wanzhong,Chen Honghan,Chen Changmin,et al.Modellingof pressure evolution and hydrocarbon migrationin the Baiyun De-pression,Pearl River Mouth Basin,China[J].Earth Science:Jour-nal of China University of Geosciences,2006,31(2):229-236.
[26]Kvenvolden K A,Redden G D.Hydrocarbon gas in sedi mentfromthe shelf,slope,and basin of the Bering Sea[J].Geochi micaet Cosmochi mica Acta,1980,44(8):1145-1150.
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