地震荷载作用下陡倾角顺层开挖斜坡的变形破坏模型试验
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摘要
在汶川地震灾区,顺层陡倾斜坡是一类地震山地灾害非常发育的斜坡类型,而开挖往往加剧了斜坡的地震山地灾害。为了重现斜坡的变形破坏过程,分析斜坡在地震荷载作用下的变形破坏规律。选取平武县平通镇桑树坪滑坡所处斜坡作为顺层陡倾角开挖损伤斜坡的典型实例,进行地震荷载作用下变形破坏的室内物理模型试验。结果表明,开挖加剧了斜坡在地震荷载作用下的变形破坏。从破坏形式来看,顺层陡倾斜坡的坡变形破坏兼具崩塌和滑动二者特征,与野外调查结果吻合。从整个变形破坏过程来看,可以划分为以下阶段:a.地震初始阶段,此阶段开挖呈契形体岩层在地震作用下沿层面微小滑动,坡脚应力剧增;b.开挖岩层坡脚溃曲阶段;c.全面下滑阶段;d.岩层滑动受阻-倾倒阶段。
In the Wenchuan earthquake,steep dip bedding slope is a kind of slope that seismic mountain disaster very development and the slope earthquake disaster is often exacerbated by the excavation.In order to reproduce the process and analysis regularity of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load.The author chooses San Shuping landslide located Pingwu County as the typical examples of steep dip excavation damage bedding slope,and the indoor physical model test of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load are carried out.The results show that slope deformation and failure is intensified by the excavation.Collapse and sliding is the main form of failure and the results consistent with the field investigation.From the whole process of deformation and failure of view,it can be divided into the four stages.First,the initial phase of the earthquake.A wedge rock by excavation small slides along the rock layers and the slope toe stress increase sharply under the action of seismic load in this stage.Second,rock layers by excavation break-bend at slope toe.Third,the rock layers by excavation overall decline stage.Last,the rock slide blocked and dumping.
In the Wenchuan earthquake,steep dip bedding slope is a kind of slope that seismic mountain disaster very development and the slope earthquake disaster is often exacerbated by the excavation.In order to reproduce the process and analysis regularity of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load.The author chooses San Shuping landslide located Pingwu County as the typical examples of steep dip excavation damage bedding slope,and the indoor physical model test of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load are carried out.The results show that slope deformation and failure is intensified by the excavation.Collapse and sliding is the main form of failure and the results consistent with the field investigation.From the whole process of deformation and failure of view,it can be divided into the four stages.First,the initial phase of the earthquake.A wedge rock by excavation small slides along the rock layers and the slope toe stress increase sharply under the action of seismic load in this stage.Second,rock layers by excavation break-bend at slope toe.Third,the rock layers by excavation overall decline stage.Last,the rock slide blocked and dumping.
引文
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[16]刘勇,张继春,肖清华.振动作用下顺层岩质边坡滑移失稳的试验研究[J].路基工程,2008(2):3-5.LIU Yong,ZHANG Jichun,XIAO Qinghua.Model Test theSliding and Instability of Bedded Slope under the Action of Vi-bration[J]Subgrade Engineering,2008(2):3-5.
[17]肖克强,李海波,刘亚群,等.地震荷载作用下顺层岩体边坡变形特征分析[J].岩土力学,2007,28(8):1557-1564.XIAO Keqiang,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al.Study on deforma-tion characteristics of bedding slopes under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(8):1557-1564.
[18]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385-2394.LI Haibo,XIAO Keqiang,LIU Yaqun.Factor of safety analysisof bedding rock slope under seismic load[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2385-2394.
[19]罗先启,葛修润.滑坡模型试验理论及其应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:16-27.
[2]Cui P,Zhu Y,Han Y,et al.The 12 May 2008 WenchuanEarthquake lakes:distribution and preliminary risk evaluation[J].Landslides,2009,6(3):209-223.
[3]Huang R Q,Li W L.Development and distribution of geo-hazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2009,52(4):810-819.
[4]Huang R Q,Li W L.Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered bythe 12May 2008Wenchuan Earthquake,China[J].Bulletin ofEngineering Geology and the Environment,2009,68(3):363-371.
[5]Qiang X,Fan X M,Huang R Q,et al.Landslide dams triggeredby the Wenchuan Earthquake,SichuanProvince,south westChina[J],Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environ-ment,2009,68(3):373-386.
[6]任光明.顺层坡滑坡形成机制的物理模拟及力学分析[J].山地研究,1998,16(3):182-187.REN Guangming.The Physical Simulation and Mechanical A-nalysis on Landslides Formation Mechanism on consequentSlope[J].Journal of Mountain Research,1998,16(3):182-187.
[7]白云峰.顺层滑坡的发育环境及分布特征[J],自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):39-43.BAI Yunfeng.Development environment and distribution char-acteristics of bedding plane landslides[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,2004,13(3):39-43.
[8]林森,代树林.层状岩体顺层滑动边坡破坏机制及锚固机制的研究[J].铁道建筑,2010(8):97-99.LIN Sen,DAI Shulin.Study on failure and anchoring mecha-nisms for sliding slope of layered rock[J].Railway Engineering,2010(8):97-99.
[9]张毅,朱宏伟,项琴.顺层路堑边坡稳定性影响因素分析[J].西部交通科技,2009(10):24-27.ZHANG yi,ZHU Hongwei,XIANG qin.The Influence of Fac-tors on the Stability of Parallel slope[J].Western China Com-munications Science&Technology,2009(10):24-27.
[10]李安洪,周德培,冯君.顺层岩质路堑边坡破坏模式及设计对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(sup1):2915-2921.LI Anhong,ZHOU Depei,FENG Jun.Failure modes of beddingrock cutting slope and design countermeasures[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(sup1):2915-2921.
[11]冯君,周德培,李安洪.顺层岩质边坡开挖松弛区试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):840-845.FENG Jun,ZHOU Depei,LI Anhong.Physical modeling re-search on relaxation region of consequent rock slope induced byroad cutting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2005,24(5):840-845.
[12]孙书伟,马惠民,张忠平.顺层高边坡开挖松动区研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1665-1668.SUN Shuwei,MA Huimin,ZHANG Zhongping.Study on dis-turbed zone of cutting bedding high rock slope[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2008,29(6):1665-1668.
[13]冯君,周德培,李安洪.顺层岩质边坡开挖稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1474-1478.FENG Jun,ZHOU Depei,LI Anhong.Research on stability ofrock bedded slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(9):1474-1478.
[14]冯君,周德培,李安洪.顺层岩质边坡开挖模型试验及稳定性影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报(英文版),2005,13(3):294-299.FENG Jun,ZHOU Depei,LI Anhong.test and numerical model-ing of the stability of rock bedded slope[J].Journal of Engineer-ing Geology,2005,13(3):294-299.
[15]陈从新,黄平路,卢增木.岩层倾角影响顺层岩石边坡稳定性的模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):476-481,486.CHEN Congxin,HUANG Pinglu,LU Zengmu.Study on corre-lation between stability of consequent rock slope and obliquity ofrock layer by simulation experiment[J].Rock and Soil Mechan-ics,2007,28(3):476-481,486.
[16]刘勇,张继春,肖清华.振动作用下顺层岩质边坡滑移失稳的试验研究[J].路基工程,2008(2):3-5.LIU Yong,ZHANG Jichun,XIAO Qinghua.Model Test theSliding and Instability of Bedded Slope under the Action of Vi-bration[J]Subgrade Engineering,2008(2):3-5.
[17]肖克强,李海波,刘亚群,等.地震荷载作用下顺层岩体边坡变形特征分析[J].岩土力学,2007,28(8):1557-1564.XIAO Keqiang,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al.Study on deforma-tion characteristics of bedding slopes under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(8):1557-1564.
[18]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385-2394.LI Haibo,XIAO Keqiang,LIU Yaqun.Factor of safety analysisof bedding rock slope under seismic load[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2385-2394.
[19]罗先启,葛修润.滑坡模型试验理论及其应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:16-27.
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