克希霍夫叠前深度偏移在川东地区的应用
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摘要
常规叠前深度偏移方法都是将数据延拓到最终面,然后从固定面偏移.在川东复杂山区,地形起伏大,地表切割剧烈,表层结构复杂,地腹构造褶皱剧烈,逆冲断层发育,地震波传播纵横向变化大,如果把数据校正到固定面来偏移,势必带来很大误差,严重影响射线追踪的准确性.另外由于该地区勘探程度较低,钻井资料很少,失去了建立偏移速度场的重要约束条件.为此针对该地区,本文提出了一种利用时间域资料约束的多模式速度-深度模型建立及分析技术,并应用基于浮动地表的Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移技术对川东某工区实际地震资料进行了处理.在该工区的应用表明,这两种技术很好解决了起伏地表的问题,对复杂地质体有较强的适应性,并且在有限钻井资料情况下,也能快速高效建立精确偏移速度场.最终偏移后的结果跟叠后时间偏移处理的结果相比归位精度得到显著提高,断层断点更为清楚,而且过井深度偏移剖面与钻井深度对比吻合也比较好,在井深度对比中各层误差均小于50m,各层深度误差小于1%,为后续的地质研究提供了很好的资料.
Conventional pre-stack depth migration methods need to correct all the data to a fixed datum,then migration from the fixed datum.North east of Sichuan mountainous area has dramatic changing topography,complex seismic geological conditions,and greatly varied lateral and vertical velocity.Therefore,if we correct data in this area to a fixed datum,it may produce a lot of errors,and affect the accuracy of ray tracing.Furthermore,because of low level of exploration,it has very limited well information in this area,therefore it lost the most important constraint for establishing an accurate migration velocity field.In this paper,we introduce the technology of a multi-mode building depth-velocity model by using time domain data as constraint,and process the data with the method of Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration from floating datum.The application of these two technologies in this area demonstrate that they are good solutions to resolve the problem of changing topography,and they also can adapt the complex geological body.When we don't have adequate well information,we still can use them to efficiently build the accurate migration velocity field.The most important thing is we obtain a much better image compared to the poststack time migration method. Moreover the horizon depth in pre-depth migration section is in agreement with the measuring depth of the well. The differences between them are less then 50m, and the errors between them are less then 1%.
Conventional pre-stack depth migration methods need to correct all the data to a fixed datum,then migration from the fixed datum.North east of Sichuan mountainous area has dramatic changing topography,complex seismic geological conditions,and greatly varied lateral and vertical velocity.Therefore,if we correct data in this area to a fixed datum,it may produce a lot of errors,and affect the accuracy of ray tracing.Furthermore,because of low level of exploration,it has very limited well information in this area,therefore it lost the most important constraint for establishing an accurate migration velocity field.In this paper,we introduce the technology of a multi-mode building depth-velocity model by using time domain data as constraint,and process the data with the method of Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration from floating datum.The application of these two technologies in this area demonstrate that they are good solutions to resolve the problem of changing topography,and they also can adapt the complex geological body.When we don't have adequate well information,we still can use them to efficiently build the accurate migration velocity field.The most important thing is we obtain a much better image compared to the poststack time migration method. Moreover the horizon depth in pre-depth migration section is in agreement with the measuring depth of the well. The differences between them are less then 50m, and the errors between them are less then 1%.
引文
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[19] 赵彩绒,蒋志兵.三维叠前深度偏移技术的应用及效果[J].土哈油气,2006,11(1) :78～84． Zhao C R,Jiang Z B.Application and effect of 3D PSDM technique[J].Tuhaoil & Gas,2006,11(1) :78～84．
[20] 刘超颖,王成祥.非稳态相移法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3) :543～546． Liu C Y,Wang C X.Prestack depth migration by nonstationary phase shift method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(3) :543～546．
[21] 金胜汶,许士勇,吴如山.基于波动方程的广义屏叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(5) :684～690． Jin S W,Xu S Y,Wu R S.Wave equation based prestack depth migration using generalized screen propagator[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),2002,45(5) :684～690．
[22] 陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法[j].地球物理学报,2001,44(5) :704～710． Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.Prestack depth migration method based on quasi linear born approximation[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),2001,44(5) :704～710．
[23] 程玖兵,王华忠,马在田.频率-空间域有限差分法叠前深度 偏移[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3) :389～395． Cheng J B,Wang H Z,Ma Z T.Pre-stack depth migration with finite-difference method in frequency-space domain[J].Chinese.J.Geophys,2001,44(3) :389～395．
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[27] 黄新武,吴律,宋炜.拉东投影法三维叠前深度偏移[J],地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :321～326． Huang X W,Wu L,Song W.3-D pre-stack depth migration with Radon projection[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(2) :321～326．
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[2] 杨长春,刘兴材,李幼铭,等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3) :409～415． Yang C C,Liu X C,Li Y M,etal.A methodology for seismic prestack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(3) :409～415．
[3] 李振春,姚云霞,马在田,等.波动方程共成像点道集偏移速度建模[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1) :86～93． Li Z C,Yao Y X,Ma Z T,et al.Common imaging point gather migration velocity modeling based on wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1) :86～93．
[4] Yilmaz.Seismic data analysis:processing,inversion,and interpretation of seismic data[M].Tulsa:SEG,2001．
[5] 韩文功,印兴耀,王兴谋,等.地震技术新进展[M].中国石油大学出版社,2005． Han W G,Yin X Y,Wang X M,etal.New progress in seismic technology[M].China University of Petroleum Press,2005．
[6] 何光明,贺振华,黄德济,等.叠前时间偏移技术在复杂地区三维资料处理中的应用[J].天然气工业.2006,26(5) :46～48． He G M,He Z H,HuangDJ,etal.Application of pre-stack time migration technology in 3D seismic processing in complex area[J].Natural gas industry.2006,26(5) :46～48．
[7] 林伯香,孙晶梅,刘起弘,等.关于浮动基准面概念的讨论[J].石油物探,2005,44(1) :94～97． Lin B X,Sun J M,Liu Q H,etal.Discussion to the concept of the floating datum[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,2005,44(1) :94～97．
[8] Keho T K,Beydoun W.Paraxial Ray kirchhoff migration[J].Geophysics.1988,53:1540～1546．
[9] 张铁强,王正和.叠前深度偏移在复杂构造模型成像中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(4) :281～286． Wang T Q,Wang Z H.The application of pre-stack depth migration on complicated structures'maging[J].Computing techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical exploration,2007,29(4) :281～286．
[10] AL Yahya K.Velocity analysis by iterative profile migration[J].Geophysics,1989,54(6) :718～729．
[11] Ieannot J P,Berranger I.Ray-mapping focusing:a migration velocity analysis for Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration[M].SEG.1994,64:1326～1329．
[12] 杨长春,等.百分比扫描偏移速度分析[A].见:复式油气田论文集(2002) [C].北京:石油工业出版社.Yang C C,et al.Migration velocity analysis with percent of velocity[A].Thesis collections of multiple-trap oil-gas field (2002) [C].Beijing:Published by Petroleum Industry Press.
[13] Ekoro M B,Gu H M.Prestack Kirchhoff time migration for imaging of complex structure in the Nanyang oilfield[J].Chinese iournal of Engineering Geophysics.2007,4(5) :421～424．
[14] 陈志德,刘振宽,李成斌.三维叠前深度偏移速度分析及蒙特卡洛自动层速度拾取[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2) :246～254． Chen Z D,Liu Z K,Li C B.3D pre stack depth migration velocity analysis and automatic monte carlo velocity picking in depth[J].Chinese iournal of Geophysics,2002,45(2) :246～254．
[15] 麻三怀,杨长春,孙福利,等.克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在复杂构造带地震资料处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :754～760． Ma S H,Yang C C,Sun F L,et al.Application of Kirchhoff PSTM to seismic data of complex structure[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(3) :754～760．
[16] 刘礼农,刘洪,李幼铭.SEG/EAGE盐丘和推覆体模型的波动方程三维叠前深度偏移成像[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :312～320． Liu L N,I.iu H,Li Y M.Wave equation 3-D prestack depth migration for the SEG/EAGE salt and overthrust model[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(2) :312～320．
[17] 王喜双,梁齐,徐凌,等.叠前深度偏移技术应用与进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6) :727～734． Wang X S,Liang Q,Xu L,et al.Application and progress of prestack depth migration technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6) :727～734．
[18] 邱光辉.三维叠前深度偏移在地震资料处理中的应用[J].中国水运,2008,8(6) :175～177． Qiu G H.Application of 3D PSDM in seismic data processing[J].China Water Transport,2008,8(6) :175～177．
[19] 赵彩绒,蒋志兵.三维叠前深度偏移技术的应用及效果[J].土哈油气,2006,11(1) :78～84． Zhao C R,Jiang Z B.Application and effect of 3D PSDM technique[J].Tuhaoil & Gas,2006,11(1) :78～84．
[20] 刘超颖,王成祥.非稳态相移法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3) :543～546． Liu C Y,Wang C X.Prestack depth migration by nonstationary phase shift method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(3) :543～546．
[21] 金胜汶,许士勇,吴如山.基于波动方程的广义屏叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(5) :684～690． Jin S W,Xu S Y,Wu R S.Wave equation based prestack depth migration using generalized screen propagator[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),2002,45(5) :684～690．
[22] 陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法[j].地球物理学报,2001,44(5) :704～710． Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.Prestack depth migration method based on quasi linear born approximation[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),2001,44(5) :704～710．
[23] 程玖兵,王华忠,马在田.频率-空间域有限差分法叠前深度 偏移[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3) :389～395． Cheng J B,Wang H Z,Ma Z T.Pre-stack depth migration with finite-difference method in frequency-space domain[J].Chinese.J.Geophys,2001,44(3) :389～395．
[24] 赵玉莲,李录明,王宇超,等.复杂构造地震叠前深度偏移方法及应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(6) :60～62． Zhao Y L,Li L M,Wang Y C,et al.The method of complex structure imaging and its application[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2006,34(6) :60～62．
[25] 张建伟,王余庆.三维叠前深度偏移在复杂构造区的应用[J].成都理工学院学报,2000,27(1) :96～99． Zhang J W,Wang Y Q.Application of 3D prestack depth migration to a complex structure project[J].Journal of Chengdu University of technology,2000,27(1) :96～99．
[26] 马国东.叠前深度域偏移成像技术及其应用[J].中国煤田地质,2008,20(6) :53～55． Ma G D.Prestack depth migration imaging technology and its application[J].Coal Geology of China,2008,20(6) :53～55．
[27] 黄新武,吴律,宋炜.拉东投影法三维叠前深度偏移[J],地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :321～326． Huang X W,Wu L,Song W.3-D pre-stack depth migration with Radon projection[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(2) :321～326．
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