多次回溯高精度快速射线追踪方法研究
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摘要
射线追踪的速度和精度直接影响地震资料的静校正和偏移成像的质量。针对复杂构造和不均匀介质中的地震波传播问题,提出了多次回溯高精度快速射线追踪方法。该方法基于费马原理,首先从震源出发选择目标点,以目标点为中心选定矩形计算网格,计算各网格点到目标点的旅行时,选择震源到网格点再到目标点的最小旅行时作为该目标点的传播时间,同时记录该点前一节点的坐标,这样介质中各目标点均有一条指向震源的射线路径;然后对射线进行回溯,对射线上的任意节点根据追踪半径确定问溯网格,计算地震波从震源到回溯网格中任意网格点再到目标点的传播时间,如果该时间比原目标点的传播时间短,则用该网格点替代原节点。根据精度要求选择合适的回溯次数更新节点信息,获得地震波传播的射线路径。模型试算结果表明,多次回溯高精度快速射线追踪方法是一种有效的初至波射线追踪方法。
The speed and precision of ray tracing affect the quality of statics and migration for seismic data.Aiming at the propagation problem of seismic wave in complex structures and inhomogeneous medium,a high precision fast ray tracing method by multi retracing was proposed.The method is based on Fermat principle,firstly,target point is chosen from source,a rectangular computation grid taking the target point as center is selected,the traveltime from every grid point to target point is calculated,selecting the minimum traveltime from source to grid point to target point as the propagation time for the target point,and recording the coordinate of a point before this target point until every target point in medium had one ray path pointed to source.Then,the ray path is retraced,for arbitrary node on the ray;the retracing grid is identified by ray tracing radius. The propagation time of seismic wave from source to arbitrary grid point in the retracing grid to target point is calculated,if the time is shorter than the original propagation time,then the original node is replaced by this grid point.Favorable retracing times are selected in terms of the precision acquirement to update the node information, and the ray path of seismic wave propagation is obtained. Model testing results that high-precision rapid tracing method by multi retracing is an effective first break ray tracing method.
The speed and precision of ray tracing affect the quality of statics and migration for seismic data.Aiming at the propagation problem of seismic wave in complex structures and inhomogeneous medium,a high precision fast ray tracing method by multi retracing was proposed.The method is based on Fermat principle,firstly,target point is chosen from source,a rectangular computation grid taking the target point as center is selected,the traveltime from every grid point to target point is calculated,selecting the minimum traveltime from source to grid point to target point as the propagation time for the target point,and recording the coordinate of a point before this target point until every target point in medium had one ray path pointed to source.Then,the ray path is retraced,for arbitrary node on the ray;the retracing grid is identified by ray tracing radius. The propagation time of seismic wave from source to arbitrary grid point in the retracing grid to target point is calculated,if the time is shorter than the original propagation time,then the original node is replaced by this grid point.Favorable retracing times are selected in terms of the precision acquirement to update the node information, and the ray path of seismic wave propagation is obtained. Model testing results that high-precision rapid tracing method by multi retracing is an effective first break ray tracing method.
引文
1井西利,杨长春,李幼铭.建立速度模型的层析成像方法研究[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):72-75
2王祯祥,高尔根,徐果明,等.一种层状介质条件下射线的全路径迭代追踪法[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,30 (4):57-60
3赵连锋.井间地震波速与衰减联合层析成像方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2002
4朱介寿.任意介质中的射线追踪方法[A].见:朱介寿,编.地震学中的计算方法[C].北京:地震出版社, 1988.603-630
5 Farra V.Ray tracing in complex media[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,1993,30(1):55-73
6 Um J,Thurber C H.A fast algorithm for two point seismic ray tracing[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1987,77(3):972-986
7 Julian B R,Gubbins D.Three-dimensional seismic ray tracing[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,43 (1):95-114
8岳玉波,孙建国,杨吴,等.起伏地表下初值射线追踪的实现[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(5):387-398
9 Hturber C H,Ellsworth W L.Rapid solution of ray tracing problems in heterogeneous media[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1980,70(4): 1 137-1 148
10 Lees J M,Shalev E.On the stability of P-wave tomography at Loma Prieta:a comparison of parameterizations, linear and nonlinear inversion[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1992,82(4):1 821- 1 839
11 Vidale J.Finite-difference calculation of travel times [J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 1988,78(6):2 062-2 076
12 Podvin P,Lecomte I.Finite difference computation of traveltimes in very contrasted velocity models:a massively parallel approach and its associated tools[J].Geophysical Journal International,1991,105(1):271- 284
13 Asavaka E,Kawanaka T.Seismic ray tracing using linear traveltime interpolation[J].Geophysics.1993,58 (2):326-333
14 Moser T J.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays [J].Geophysics,1991,56(1):59-67
15刘洪,孟凡林,李幼铭.计算最小走时与射线路径的界面网全局方法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(6):823- 832
16许琨,吴律,王妙月.改进Moser法射线追踪[J].地球物理学进展,1998,13(4):60-66
17 Qin F,Olsen K B,Cai W,et al.Finite-difference solution of the eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts [J].Geophysics,1992,57(3):478-487
18赵改善,郝守玲,杨尔皓,等.基于旅行时线性插值的地震射线追踪算法[J].石油物探,1998,37(2):14-24
19张霖斌,刘迎曦,赵振峰,等.有限差分法射线追踪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(6):673-677
20 Coultrip R L.High accuracy wavefront tracing traveltime calculation[J].Geophysics,1993,58(2):284- 292
2王祯祥,高尔根,徐果明,等.一种层状介质条件下射线的全路径迭代追踪法[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,30 (4):57-60
3赵连锋.井间地震波速与衰减联合层析成像方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2002
4朱介寿.任意介质中的射线追踪方法[A].见:朱介寿,编.地震学中的计算方法[C].北京:地震出版社, 1988.603-630
5 Farra V.Ray tracing in complex media[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,1993,30(1):55-73
6 Um J,Thurber C H.A fast algorithm for two point seismic ray tracing[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1987,77(3):972-986
7 Julian B R,Gubbins D.Three-dimensional seismic ray tracing[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,43 (1):95-114
8岳玉波,孙建国,杨吴,等.起伏地表下初值射线追踪的实现[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(5):387-398
9 Hturber C H,Ellsworth W L.Rapid solution of ray tracing problems in heterogeneous media[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1980,70(4): 1 137-1 148
10 Lees J M,Shalev E.On the stability of P-wave tomography at Loma Prieta:a comparison of parameterizations, linear and nonlinear inversion[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1992,82(4):1 821- 1 839
11 Vidale J.Finite-difference calculation of travel times [J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 1988,78(6):2 062-2 076
12 Podvin P,Lecomte I.Finite difference computation of traveltimes in very contrasted velocity models:a massively parallel approach and its associated tools[J].Geophysical Journal International,1991,105(1):271- 284
13 Asavaka E,Kawanaka T.Seismic ray tracing using linear traveltime interpolation[J].Geophysics.1993,58 (2):326-333
14 Moser T J.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays [J].Geophysics,1991,56(1):59-67
15刘洪,孟凡林,李幼铭.计算最小走时与射线路径的界面网全局方法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(6):823- 832
16许琨,吴律,王妙月.改进Moser法射线追踪[J].地球物理学进展,1998,13(4):60-66
17 Qin F,Olsen K B,Cai W,et al.Finite-difference solution of the eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts [J].Geophysics,1992,57(3):478-487
18赵改善,郝守玲,杨尔皓,等.基于旅行时线性插值的地震射线追踪算法[J].石油物探,1998,37(2):14-24
19张霖斌,刘迎曦,赵振峰,等.有限差分法射线追踪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(6):673-677
20 Coultrip R L.High accuracy wavefront tracing traveltime calculation[J].Geophysics,1993,58(2):284- 292
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