张家口-蓬莱断裂带渤海段晚第四纪活动特征
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摘要
张家口-蓬莱断裂带是华北地区一条显著的地震带。利用最新获得的高分辨率浅层地震资料研究了渤海海域内该断裂带晚第四纪以来的活动特征。研究表明:在渤海,张家口-蓬莱断裂带主要由沙西断裂、埕北断裂、沙南断裂、沙东北断裂、柏各庄断裂、石臼坨3号断裂、渤中2号断裂和BZ29断裂等一系列NW走向断裂组成,走向在290°~310°之间;在浅层沉积物中各断裂由多条次级小断裂组成;晚第四纪以来主要表现出强烈的垂向运动特征,具有正断性质;海域各断裂的最新活动时代为晚更新世(Q3)末期-全新世(Q4)初期,并具有相同的活动趋势,在20 ka B.P.和60 ka B.P.左右活动强烈,统计计算显示平均垂向活动速率分别为0.15 mm/a和0.1 mm/a,近20 000 a以来的垂向活动速率超过0.06 mm/a。
The Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone is one of the most famous seismic zones in Northern China.Its activity in the Bohai Sea since the Late Quaternary is studied based on shallow penetrated seismic data which are new and have high resolution.The results indicate that in the Bohai Sea the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone is mainly composed of a series of NW-trending faults,including Shaxi Fault,Chengbei Fault,Shanan Fault,Shadongbei Fault,Baigezhuang Fault,Shijiutuo Fault 3,Bozhong Fault 2 and BZ29 Fault.These faults have a striking ranging from 290° to 310° and often consist of several small secondary faults in shallow depositional sequences.They show strongly vertical movement and exhibit a normal mechanism since the late Quaternary.The ages of their latest activities were in the end of late Pleiscene(Q3) to the early Holocene(Q4).Their activities had the same trending and showed intensively at about 20 ka B.P.and 60 ka B.P.,being 0.15 mm/a and 0.1 mm/a in average vertical slip rates respectively.Since 20 ka B.P.,the vertical slip rates of all these faults are larger than 0.06 mm/a.
The Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone is one of the most famous seismic zones in Northern China.Its activity in the Bohai Sea since the Late Quaternary is studied based on shallow penetrated seismic data which are new and have high resolution.The results indicate that in the Bohai Sea the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone is mainly composed of a series of NW-trending faults,including Shaxi Fault,Chengbei Fault,Shanan Fault,Shadongbei Fault,Baigezhuang Fault,Shijiutuo Fault 3,Bozhong Fault 2 and BZ29 Fault.These faults have a striking ranging from 290° to 310° and often consist of several small secondary faults in shallow depositional sequences.They show strongly vertical movement and exhibit a normal mechanism since the late Quaternary.The ages of their latest activities were in the end of late Pleiscene(Q3) to the early Holocene(Q4).Their activities had the same trending and showed intensively at about 20 ka B.P.and 60 ka B.P.,being 0.15 mm/a and 0.1 mm/a in average vertical slip rates respectively.Since 20 ka B.P.,the vertical slip rates of all these faults are larger than 0.06 mm/a.
引文
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[15]WANG Z C,DENG Q D,CHAO H T,et al.Shallow depth sonic reflection profiling studies on the active Penglai-Weihai fault zone off-shore of the northern Shandong peninsula[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(4):1092-1101.王志才,邓起东,晁洪太,等.山东半岛北部近海海域北西向蓬莱—威海断裂带的声波探测[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1092-1101.
[16]Department of Marine Geology,Institute of Oceanology,Academia Sinica.Geology of the Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985:161-190.中国科学院海洋研究所海洋地质研究室.渤海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:161-190.
[17]LI X S,LIU B H,ZHAO Y X,et al.Research techniques for submarine active faults and a review of active faults study offshore in Chi-na[J].Marine Geology Letters,2008,24(3):8-13.李西双,刘保华,赵月霞,等.海底活动断裂研究方法及我国近海活动断裂研究[J].海洋地质动态,2008,24(3):8-13.
[18]Editor committee of“Petroleum Geology of China:Oil and Gas Bearing Areas on the Continental Shelf and Its Neighboring Regions”.Pe-troleum geology of China Vol.16:Oil and gas bearing areas on the continental shelf and its neighboring regions(part 1)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1990:32-48.沿海大陆架及毗邻海域油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志卷十六:沿海大陆架及邻海域油气区(上)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:32-48.
[19]DENG Q D,MIN W,CHAO H T,et al.Cenozoic tectonics and seismicity of the Bohai area[M]∥LU Y C,GAO W M,CHEN G X,et al.Neotectonics and environment.Beijing:Seismological Press,2001:218-233.邓起东,闽伟,晁洪太,等.渤海地区新生代构造与地震活动∥卢演俦,高维民,陈国星,等.新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社,2001:218-233.
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[2]ZHANG X K,ZHU Z P,ZHANG C K,et a1.Crust and upper mantle structure of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai sea seismic zone[C]∥Instituteof Geology,CEA.Research on Active Fault(6).Beijing:Seismological Press,1998:1-16.张先康,祝治平,张成科,等.张家口-渤海地震带及其两侧地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究[C]∥中国地震局地质研究所.活动断裂研究(6).北京:地震出版社,1998:1-16.
[3]LI J H.Preliminary research on the NW-trending Changping-Fengnan hidden active fault on the southern margin of Yanshan[J].Seismol-ogy and Geology,5(4):61-66.李建华.燕山南缘北西向昌平-丰南隐伏活断层的初步研究[J].地震地质,1983,5(4):61-66.
[4]GAO Z W.A study on characteristics of earthquake geology of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault zone[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology,CEA,2001:9-117.高战武.张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震地质特征研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2001:9-117.
[5]DENG Q D.The Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault zone[C]∥Zhao G M.30 Anniversary symposium for earthquake disaster mitigation in Tian-jin.Beijing:Seismological Press,2006:23-29.邓起东.张家口-蓬莱断裂带[C]∥赵国敏.天津市防震减灾30年纪念论文集.北京:地震出版社,2006:23-29.
[6]SHEN Z K,ZHAO C,YIN A,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation in eastern Asia constrained by GPS measurement[J].Journal ofGeophysical Research,105:5721-5734.
[7]RAN Y K,FANG Z J,WANG J B,et al.Section of NW-trending fault in the brickkiln of the Dongyuan village,Huailai[C]∥Instituteof Geology,CEA.Research on Active Fault(4).Beijing:Seismological Press,1995:116-122.冉永康,方仲景,王景钵,等.怀来东园村砖瓦厂北西向断层大剖面[C]∥中国地震局地质研究所.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,1995:116-122.
[8]JIANG W L,HOU Z H,XIE X S.Research on paleoearthquakes in Jiuxian trenches across Nankou-Sunhe fault zone in Changping coun-ty of Beijing plain[J].Science in China(Ser.D),2001,31(6):501-509.江娃利,侯治华,谢新生.北京平原南口-孙河断裂带昌平旧县探槽古地震事件研究.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(6):501-509.
[9]GAO Z W,XU J,SONG C Q,et al.The segmental characters of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,2001,19(1):35-42.高战武,徐杰,宋长青,等.张家口-蓬莱断裂带的分段特征[J].华北地震科学,2001,19(1):35-42.
[10]NAKATA T,SHIMAZAKI K.Discussion on marine earthquake sources[J].Science,1993,63(9):593-599.中田高,岛崎邦彦.海底の地震の巢を探る[J].科学,1993,63(9):593-599.
[11]OKAY A I,KASILAR-OZCAN A,IMREN C,et al.Active faults and evolving strike-slip fault basins in the Marmara Sea,northwestTurkey:A multi-channel reflection study[J].Tectonophysics,2000,312:189-218.
[12]DEMIRBAG E,RANGIN C,LE PICHON X.et al.Investigation of the tectonics of the Main Marmara Fault by means of deep-towedseismic data[J].Tectonophysics,2003,361:1-19.
[13]ZHAO G M,ZHAO G M,YANG G S,et al.The Holocene active fault in the western part of Bohai gulf showed by acoustic sounding[J].Earthquake Research in China,2005,21(2):139-146.赵根模,赵国敏,杨港生,等.声波探测显示的渤海湾西部全新世断层活动[J].中国地震,2005,21(2):139-146.
[14]CHEN Y K,ZHENG Y P,GAO W P,et al.Application of acoustic technique on buried fault surveying of Tianjin[J].Technology forEarthquake Disaster Prevention,2007,2(2):116-127.陈宇坤,郑彦鹏,高武平,等.声学探测技术在天津隐伏断层探测中的应用[J].震灾防御技术,2(2):116-127.
[15]WANG Z C,DENG Q D,CHAO H T,et al.Shallow depth sonic reflection profiling studies on the active Penglai-Weihai fault zone off-shore of the northern Shandong peninsula[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(4):1092-1101.王志才,邓起东,晁洪太,等.山东半岛北部近海海域北西向蓬莱—威海断裂带的声波探测[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1092-1101.
[16]Department of Marine Geology,Institute of Oceanology,Academia Sinica.Geology of the Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985:161-190.中国科学院海洋研究所海洋地质研究室.渤海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:161-190.
[17]LI X S,LIU B H,ZHAO Y X,et al.Research techniques for submarine active faults and a review of active faults study offshore in Chi-na[J].Marine Geology Letters,2008,24(3):8-13.李西双,刘保华,赵月霞,等.海底活动断裂研究方法及我国近海活动断裂研究[J].海洋地质动态,2008,24(3):8-13.
[18]Editor committee of“Petroleum Geology of China:Oil and Gas Bearing Areas on the Continental Shelf and Its Neighboring Regions”.Pe-troleum geology of China Vol.16:Oil and gas bearing areas on the continental shelf and its neighboring regions(part 1)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1990:32-48.沿海大陆架及毗邻海域油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志卷十六:沿海大陆架及邻海域油气区(上)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:32-48.
[19]DENG Q D,MIN W,CHAO H T,et al.Cenozoic tectonics and seismicity of the Bohai area[M]∥LU Y C,GAO W M,CHEN G X,et al.Neotectonics and environment.Beijing:Seismological Press,2001:218-233.邓起东,闽伟,晁洪太,等.渤海地区新生代构造与地震活动∥卢演俦,高维民,陈国星,等.新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社,2001:218-233.
[20]ZHANG S C,DIAO G L.Conjugate seismotectonic zone in north China area[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,1995,13(3):1-10.张四昌,刁桂岭.华北地区的共轭地震构造带[J].华北地震科学,1995,13(3):1-10.
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