玉北地区碳酸盐岩储层地震响应特征研究
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摘要
玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩分布范围广、厚度大,油气勘探前景良好,但目的层埋藏深,储层非均质性强,纵、横向变化快,储层地震响应特征不清晰,预测难度大。为此,应用该区测井数据和岩心、录井等资料对储层进行了分类,利用交会分析技术分析了储层与围岩的岩石物理特征,通过地震属性提取与模型正演,研究了碳酸盐岩储层的地震响应特征,确定了波阻抗、振幅、振幅变化率、相干等地震属性参数为储层预测的敏感参数。其中波阻抗对储层物性的变化比较敏感,对规模储层有较好的反映。10m以上的溶洞产生强振幅串珠状反射,利用常规地震数据体提取振幅及振幅变化率可以进行有效预测;有一定厚度、规模的裂缝型、溶孔型储层能引起地震振幅的明显变化,利用常规地震数据体提取振幅及振幅变化率、相干属性,结合波阻抗反演可以进行有效预测。
Carbonate is one of the most important targets of hydrocarbon exploration in Tarim.Ordovician carbonate in Yubei area distributes widely with large thickness,and its exploration prospect is excellent.However,the exploration degree is low.The surface is desert with rugged sand dunes and deep buried target intervals,which is characterized by strong heterogeneity,rapid longitudinal and lateral variation,unclear seismic response,so the reservoir is difficult to predict.Therefore,by integrating multi-logging and core data,the reservoirs were classified.By crossplot analysis,the petrophysical characteristics of reservoirs and host rock were analyzed.By seismic attributes extraction and forward modeling,the seismic responses of carbonate reservoirs were studied,and some seismic attributes were identified as the sensitive parameters for reservoir prediction(wave impedance,amplitude,amplitude variation ratio,coherence).Caves larger than 10 m shows strong-amplitude string reflection,which can be predicted by using conventional seismic data volume for extracting amplitude and its variation ratio.Fractured and cavern reservoirs to some thickness and scale may lead to obvious variation of seismic amplitude,which can be effectively predicted by utilizing conventional seismic data volume for extracting amplitude,its variation ratio and coherent attribute combining with wave impedance inversion.
Carbonate is one of the most important targets of hydrocarbon exploration in Tarim.Ordovician carbonate in Yubei area distributes widely with large thickness,and its exploration prospect is excellent.However,the exploration degree is low.The surface is desert with rugged sand dunes and deep buried target intervals,which is characterized by strong heterogeneity,rapid longitudinal and lateral variation,unclear seismic response,so the reservoir is difficult to predict.Therefore,by integrating multi-logging and core data,the reservoirs were classified.By crossplot analysis,the petrophysical characteristics of reservoirs and host rock were analyzed.By seismic attributes extraction and forward modeling,the seismic responses of carbonate reservoirs were studied,and some seismic attributes were identified as the sensitive parameters for reservoir prediction(wave impedance,amplitude,amplitude variation ratio,coherence).Caves larger than 10 m shows strong-amplitude string reflection,which can be predicted by using conventional seismic data volume for extracting amplitude and its variation ratio.Fractured and cavern reservoirs to some thickness and scale may lead to obvious variation of seismic amplitude,which can be effectively predicted by utilizing conventional seismic data volume for extracting amplitude,its variation ratio and coherent attribute combining with wave impedance inversion.
引文
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[13]杨子川,李宗杰,窦慧媛.储层的地震识别模式分析及定量预测技术初探[J].石油物探,2007,46(4):370-377Yang Z C,Li Z J,Dou H Y.Seismic identificationmode and quantum prediction of reservoir[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4):370-377
[14]Perez M A,Grechka V,Michelena R J.Fracture de-tection in a carbonate reservoir using a variety ofseismic methods[J].Geophysics,1999,64(4):1266-1276
[15]张旭光.利用地震信息检测碳酸盐岩溶洞[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):359-362Zhang X G.Detection of carbonate reservoir via seis-mic information[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2002,41(3):359-362
[16]张永升,李家蓉,潘新志.地震和测井联合反演技术在塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(4):46-48Zhang Y S,Li J R,Pan X Z.Application of seismicand logging joint inversion in the prediction of car-bonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[J].Progress inExploration Geophysics,2002,25(4):46-48
[2]俞益新.碳酸盐岩岩溶型储层综合预测概述[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2):189-193Yu Y X.Synthetic prediction of carbonate Karst res-ervoir[J].West China Petroleum Geosciences,2006,2(2):189-193
[3]Doherty S M,Claerbout J F.Structure independentvelocity estimation[J].Geophysics,1976,41(5):850-881
[4]Schneider W A,Ranzinger K A,Balch A H,et al.Adynamic programming approach to first travel-timecomputation in media with arbitrarily distributed ve-locities[J].Geophysics,1992,57(1):39-50
[5]杨江峰,关达,朱文斌,等.塔里木盆地塔中卡1三维工区碳酸盐岩储层预测技术与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):61-69Yang J F,Guan D,Zhu W B,et al.Carbonate reser-voir prediction technology and its application in Ka-13Dacreage in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(1):61-69
[6]李慧莉,钱一雄,沙旭光,等.塔里木盆地卡塔克隆起西北倾没端良里塔格组碳酸盐岩储层发育特征与影响因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):69-75Li H L,Qian Y X,Sha X G,et al.Development char-acteristics and influencing factors of carbonate reser-voirs in the Ordovician Lianglitage Formation at thenorthwest pitching end of the Katake Uplift,the Ta-rim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(1):69-75
[7]邬光辉,汪海,陈志勇,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩复杂油气藏的特性[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):763-769Wu G H,Wang H,Chen Z Y,et al.Characteristicsof the complex Ordovician carbonate reservoirs inthe Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):763-769
[8]焦伟伟,吕修祥,周园园,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(2):199-206Jiao W W,LüX X,Zhou Y Y,et al.Main controllingfactors of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs inTazhong area,the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geolo-gy,2009,30(2):199-206
[9]Wang B,Dann K,Malloy J E.Macro velocity modelestimation through model-based globally-optimizeddepth focusing analysis[J].57th SAGE Conferenceand Technical Exhibition,1995,38
[10]Ristow D,Rühl T.3-D implicit finite-difference mi-gration by multiway splitting[J].Geophysics,1997,62(2):554-567
[11]袁国芬.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层地球物理响应特征[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):318-321Yuan G F.The geophysical characteristics of car-bonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(3):318-321
[12]Wang Z,Mallick S,Frazer L N,et al.Reflection/transmission coefficient s and azimuthal anisot ropyin marine seismic studies[C]//Macbeth C,Lynn HB.Applied seismic anisotropy:theory,background,and field studies.USA:Socity of Exploration Geo-physics,2000:246-257
[13]杨子川,李宗杰,窦慧媛.储层的地震识别模式分析及定量预测技术初探[J].石油物探,2007,46(4):370-377Yang Z C,Li Z J,Dou H Y.Seismic identificationmode and quantum prediction of reservoir[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4):370-377
[14]Perez M A,Grechka V,Michelena R J.Fracture de-tection in a carbonate reservoir using a variety ofseismic methods[J].Geophysics,1999,64(4):1266-1276
[15]张旭光.利用地震信息检测碳酸盐岩溶洞[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):359-362Zhang X G.Detection of carbonate reservoir via seis-mic information[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2002,41(3):359-362
[16]张永升,李家蓉,潘新志.地震和测井联合反演技术在塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(4):46-48Zhang Y S,Li J R,Pan X Z.Application of seismicand logging joint inversion in the prediction of car-bonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[J].Progress inExploration Geophysics,2002,25(4):46-48
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