前陆盆地掩伏构造区油气成藏与勘探分析
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摘要
掩伏构造是指位于掩覆断层之下,即发育于掩覆体下盘的各种圈闭构造,由掩覆断层、上覆岩系和下伏岩系3部分构成,既可以是挤压作用下的推覆成因,也可以是伸展作用下的滑覆成因。掩伏构造广泛发育于不同大地构造单元,其中以前陆盆地为代表的掩伏构造区具有良好的烃源、储盖、圈闭等成藏条件,优越的构造演化、圈闭形成、源岩生排烃、圈闭配置、储盖组合、油气保存等成藏作用,以及明显的油气运聚成藏规律,是油气聚集的有利场所。分析了制约掩伏构造区油气勘探的关键性问题,主要包括基础石油地质条件的认识程度、构造解析的客观符合率、地震资料的品质、构造成图的精度和钻井测井工艺措施的有效性,并讨论了掩伏构造区油气勘探的思路与工作要点。
The thrust structures referred as all kinds of traps are located in the lower layer of the thrust fault or the down-thrown of thrust block and consist of three parts of the thrust fault,overlying rock series and underlying rock series. The origins of the thrust structures are the fault-thrust movement by extrusion force and the fault-gliding movement by extensional regime. The thrust structures are widely developed in different tectonic units of various areas in the world. Especially,there are good pool-formed conditions such as hydrocarbon generation,reservoir-cap rock and traps in the thrust structure zone of foreland basins. The thrust structure zone of foreland basins has good conditions of tectonic evolution and trap formation,hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in source rock,mating with traps,reservoir-cap assemblage and hydrocarbon preservation,which are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. The five factors for controlling oil and gas exploration in the thrust structure zone including recognition degree of the basic petroleum geological conditions,correctness of structural analysis,quality of seismic data,precision of structural mapping and the effectiveness of drilling-logging and technological measures were analyzed. The principles and working outline of oil-gas exploration in the thrust structures regions were proposed.
The thrust structures referred as all kinds of traps are located in the lower layer of the thrust fault or the down-thrown of thrust block and consist of three parts of the thrust fault,overlying rock series and underlying rock series. The origins of the thrust structures are the fault-thrust movement by extrusion force and the fault-gliding movement by extensional regime. The thrust structures are widely developed in different tectonic units of various areas in the world. Especially,there are good pool-formed conditions such as hydrocarbon generation,reservoir-cap rock and traps in the thrust structure zone of foreland basins. The thrust structure zone of foreland basins has good conditions of tectonic evolution and trap formation,hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in source rock,mating with traps,reservoir-cap assemblage and hydrocarbon preservation,which are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. The five factors for controlling oil and gas exploration in the thrust structure zone including recognition degree of the basic petroleum geological conditions,correctness of structural analysis,quality of seismic data,precision of structural mapping and the effectiveness of drilling-logging and technological measures were analyzed. The principles and working outline of oil-gas exploration in the thrust structures regions were proposed.
引文
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