海上多次波的联合衰减法
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摘要
地震勘探尤其是海上地震勘探中存在着各类多次波,由于多次波的存在严重影响了速度分析、叠加、偏移成像等地震资料处理,海上多次波主要有全程多次波和层间多次两大类,为了压制海上不同类型的多次波,本文首先分析波场外推、预测反褶积和拉东变换衰减不同多次波的理论基础,然后联合采用这些方法,分别衰减全程多次波和层间多次波;即:首先对炮记录或者接收点记录进行波场外推,建立海底多次波模型,预测并减去全程多次波,然后利用预测反褶积衰减掉周期性明显的多次波,最后将数据转换到τ-p域,用拉冬变换根据同一时间多次波和有效波在速度等方面的差异,进一步分离层间多次波和剩余的全程多次波,并在该域中切除分离出的多次波,从而实现联合多次波衰减处理.通过对悉尼海区和里海等实际地震资料的处理证明,文提出的联合多次波衰减方法在海洋地震资料的处理中有着广泛的应用,联合衰减多次波处理流程具有快速、简洁、易于实现的特点,经处理后的地震资料有效信号损失小、保福性好的特点,有利于速度分析、叠加、叠前偏移等的后续处理工作.
Presence of multiples leads to poor quality in main stages of offshore seismic data processing,such as velocity analysis,stacking and imaging.Three basic multiple attenuating methods are reviewed;and a more effective multiple attenuator is achieved by joining them.As the first step,shot or receiver records are extrapolated by waveequation datum algorithms.The extrapolation will establish a model of waterbottom multiples.Waterbotton multiples will then be removed by subtracting the extrapolated records from the original records.After that,predictive deconvolution is used to attenuate the multiples created by source ghost.Finaly,RADON transformation is adopted to separate peg-leg multiples and residual water-bottom multiples from the original data in the τ-p domain. Applications of the joint multiple attenuation flow to data acquired in the Sydney Sea and the Caspian show that the technique is fast,simple and easy to be implemented,and both primary energy and amplitude information are better reserved.
Presence of multiples leads to poor quality in main stages of offshore seismic data processing,such as velocity analysis,stacking and imaging.Three basic multiple attenuating methods are reviewed;and a more effective multiple attenuator is achieved by joining them.As the first step,shot or receiver records are extrapolated by waveequation datum algorithms.The extrapolation will establish a model of waterbottom multiples.Waterbotton multiples will then be removed by subtracting the extrapolated records from the original records.After that,predictive deconvolution is used to attenuate the multiples created by source ghost.Finaly,RADON transformation is adopted to separate peg-leg multiples and residual water-bottom multiples from the original data in the τ-p domain. Applications of the joint multiple attenuation flow to data acquired in the Sydney Sea and the Caspian show that the technique is fast,simple and easy to be implemented,and both primary energy and amplitude information are better reserved.
引文
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[12] 吴迪,杨长春.数据驱动型多次波衰减方法的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :98～103． Wu D,Yang C C.Research on a fully-data driven multiple attenuation approach [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(1) :98～103．
[13] 张军华,吕宁,雷凌,田连玉,郭见乐.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4) :398～405． Zhang J H,Lv N,Lei L,Tian L Y,Guo J L.Analysis of applied factors for using parabolic Radon transform to remove multiple[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(4) :398～405．
[14] 牛滨华,沈操,黄新武.波动方程多次波压制技术的进展 [J].地球物理学进展,2002,1 7(3) :480～485． Niu B H,Shen C,Huang X W.Propress in multiple attenuation techniques based on wave equation[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2002,17(3) :480～485．
[15] Berkhout A J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point approach,Part 1,Explanation of the theory [J].Geophysics,2005,70,(3) :45～60．
[16] Douglas J,et al.Suppression of multiple reflection using the Radontransform[J].Geophysics,1992,57(3) :386～395．
[17] Wiggins.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave equation-based prediction and subtraction [J].Geophysics,1988,53,1527～1539．
[18] Taner.Long period sea-floor multiples and their suppression [J].Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28:30～48．
[19] Brad A,Gabriel A,Ken M.Image-space surface-related multiple prediction[J].Geophysics,2007,72(2) :113～122．
[20] Lu W.Adaptive multiple subtraction using independent component analysis[J].Geophysics,2006,71 (5) :179～184．
[21] Weglein A B,Dragost W H.Multiple attenuation [M].Geophysics reprint series,23,2005,SEG.
[22] Sam T.Kaplan,Kristopher A.I.Adaptive separation of free-surface multiples through independent component analysis[J].Geophysics,2008,73(3) :29～36．
[2] 熊翥编著.地震数据数字处理技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993． Xiong Z,Digital processing of seismic data application technology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993．
[3] 陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993． Lu J M,The theory of seismic exploration [M].Dongying:China Petroleum University Press,1993．
[4] 李振春,张军华.地震数据处理方法[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2004． Li Z C,Zhang J H,Theory of seismic data processing[M].Dongying:China Petroleum University Press,2004．
[5] 李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,等.多次波问题的研究进展[J].地球物 理学进展,2006,21(3) :888～897． Li P,Liu Y K,Chang X,et al.Progress on the multiple problems[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2006,2(3) :888～897．
[6] 黄新武,孙春岩,牛滨华,王焕弟,曾闽山.基于数据一致性预测与压制自由表面多次波-理论研究与试处理[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1) :173～180． Huang X W,Sun C Y,Niu B H,Wang H D,Zeng M S,Surface related multiple prediction and suppression based on data consistence:A theoretical study and test [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(1) :173～180．
[7] 金德刚,常旭,刘伊克.逆子波域消除多次波方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1) :250～259． Jin D G,Chang X,Liu Y K.Research of multiple elimination method in inverse wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,50(1) :250～259．
[8] 王维红,崔宝文,刘洪.表面多次波衰减的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :156～164． Wang W H,Cui B W,Liu H.Research progress in surfacerelated multiple attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(1) :156～164．
[9] 李丽青,梁蓓雯,徐华宁.海上单道地震资料中多次波的衰减[J].石油物探,2007,46(5) :457～462． Li L Q,Liang P W,Xu H N,Multiple attenuation for marine single-channel seismic data[J].Gcophysical Prospecting for Petroleum.2007,46(5) :457～462．
[10] 李鹏,刘伊克,常旭,金德刚,赵珊珊.均衡拟多道匹配滤波法在波动方程法压制多次波中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1844～1853． Li P,Liu Y K,Chang X,Jin D G,Zhao S S,Application of the equipoise pseudomultichannel matching filter in multiple elimination using wave-equation method [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6) :1844～1853．
[11] 李景叶,陈小宏,芮振华.基于匹配滤波的多次波压制方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :200～206． Li J Y,Chen X H,Rui Z H,Study on multiple attenuation method based on match filter[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22 (1) :200～206．
[12] 吴迪,杨长春.数据驱动型多次波衰减方法的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :98～103． Wu D,Yang C C.Research on a fully-data driven multiple attenuation approach [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(1) :98～103．
[13] 张军华,吕宁,雷凌,田连玉,郭见乐.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4) :398～405． Zhang J H,Lv N,Lei L,Tian L Y,Guo J L.Analysis of applied factors for using parabolic Radon transform to remove multiple[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(4) :398～405．
[14] 牛滨华,沈操,黄新武.波动方程多次波压制技术的进展 [J].地球物理学进展,2002,1 7(3) :480～485． Niu B H,Shen C,Huang X W.Propress in multiple attenuation techniques based on wave equation[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2002,17(3) :480～485．
[15] Berkhout A J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point approach,Part 1,Explanation of the theory [J].Geophysics,2005,70,(3) :45～60．
[16] Douglas J,et al.Suppression of multiple reflection using the Radontransform[J].Geophysics,1992,57(3) :386～395．
[17] Wiggins.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave equation-based prediction and subtraction [J].Geophysics,1988,53,1527～1539．
[18] Taner.Long period sea-floor multiples and their suppression [J].Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28:30～48．
[19] Brad A,Gabriel A,Ken M.Image-space surface-related multiple prediction[J].Geophysics,2007,72(2) :113～122．
[20] Lu W.Adaptive multiple subtraction using independent component analysis[J].Geophysics,2006,71 (5) :179～184．
[21] Weglein A B,Dragost W H.Multiple attenuation [M].Geophysics reprint series,23,2005,SEG.
[22] Sam T.Kaplan,Kristopher A.I.Adaptive separation of free-surface multiples through independent component analysis[J].Geophysics,2008,73(3) :29～36．
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