龙门山前缘关口断裂典型构造剖面的物理模拟实验及其变形主控因素研究
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摘要
关口断裂位于龙门山褶皱-冲断带前缘,根据构造线走向和典型地震剖面构造变形样式可划分出北、中、南三段。北段走向为北东50°,构造变形模式总体为不整合面所限制的基底卷入式前展型逆冲叠瓦式构造组合;中段走向为北东30°,构造变形模式为双滑脱层所控制的分层滑脱断层垂向叠加组合;南段走向为北东30°,变形模式为二叠系内滑脱层所控制的箱状背冲式构造组合。构造变形过程主要经历了印支晚期、燕山期、喜马拉雅期三个阶段。物理模拟实验证实北段变形的主控因素为斜向挤压(NW300°)和须家河组四段底部发育的高黏度滑脱层;中段变形的主控因素为正向挤压和双滑脱层的垂向叠置;南段变形的主控因素为正向挤压和二叠系内部低黏度厚层滑脱层的均匀分布。利用剖面模拟实验结果估算出的关口断裂不同构造段不同时期挤压构造变形强度(缩短率)不同,总缩短率表现为中段最大(39.63%),南段次之(34.93%),北段最小(32.72%)。印支期缩短率与总缩短率特征相似,中段为28.79%,南段为19.88%,北段为14.68%,而燕山期缩短率却表现为北段最大(18.04%),南段次之(15.05%),中段最小(10.84%)。
The Guankou fault that locates in the front of Longmen mountains fold-thrust belt can be divided into three segments according to its structural trend and typical deformation styles. The general structural mode in the northern part which strikes in NE50° belongs to an imbricate thrust involved basement structure forward propagation restricted by unconformity interface. The general structural mode in the middle part which strikes in NE30° belongs to a superimposed decollement structure controlled by double detachment beds. The structural mode in the southern segment which strikes in NE30° belongs to a box fold-thrust structure. Tectonic evolution consists of three epoches:late Indosinian,Yanshanian and Himalayanian. Physical simulation results suggest that major factors controlling deformation in the north are oblique compression and high viscosity detachment beds which located at the fourth section of the Xujiahe Formation. Major factors controlling deformation in the middle part is contributed to the double detachment beds and vertical compression. Lower viscosity detachment bed in the Permian System and vertical compression can be responsible for the southern deformation. Deformation intensity estimated by simulation results in different segments and times is different. General shrinkage ratios of the north,middle and south are 32.72%,39.63% and 34.93%,respectively. Shrinkage ratios of the north,middle and south are 14.68%,28.79% and 19.88%,respectively in Indosinian epoch. However,shrinkage ratios of the north,middle and south in Yanshan epoch are 18.04%,10.84% and 15.05%,respectively.
The Guankou fault that locates in the front of Longmen mountains fold-thrust belt can be divided into three segments according to its structural trend and typical deformation styles. The general structural mode in the northern part which strikes in NE50° belongs to an imbricate thrust involved basement structure forward propagation restricted by unconformity interface. The general structural mode in the middle part which strikes in NE30° belongs to a superimposed decollement structure controlled by double detachment beds. The structural mode in the southern segment which strikes in NE30° belongs to a box fold-thrust structure. Tectonic evolution consists of three epoches:late Indosinian,Yanshanian and Himalayanian. Physical simulation results suggest that major factors controlling deformation in the north are oblique compression and high viscosity detachment beds which located at the fourth section of the Xujiahe Formation. Major factors controlling deformation in the middle part is contributed to the double detachment beds and vertical compression. Lower viscosity detachment bed in the Permian System and vertical compression can be responsible for the southern deformation. Deformation intensity estimated by simulation results in different segments and times is different. General shrinkage ratios of the north,middle and south are 32.72%,39.63% and 34.93%,respectively. Shrinkage ratios of the north,middle and south are 14.68%,28.79% and 19.88%,respectively in Indosinian epoch. However,shrinkage ratios of the north,middle and south in Yanshan epoch are 18.04%,10.84% and 15.05%,respectively.
引文
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何登发,Suppe J,贾承造.2005.断层相关褶皱理论与应用研究新进展.地学前缘,12(4):353-364.
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罗志立.1984.试论中国型(C-型)冲断带及其油气勘探问题.石油与天然气地质,5(4)315-324.
马永旺,杨尽.2001.龙门山中段推覆构造的变形特征.成都理工大学学报,28(3):236-240.
宋春彦,刘顺,何利.2009.龙门山南段构造变形及应力序列.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):334-342.
汤良杰,杨克明,金文正,吕志洲,余一欣.2008.龙门山冲断带多层次滑脱带与滑脱构造变形.中国科学(D辑),38(增刊Ⅰ):30-40.
田勤俭,刁桂苓,郝平,冯向东,孙晴.2009.汶川8.0级地震及余震破裂的地质构造特征.地震,29(1):141-148.
王二七,孟庆任,陈智樑,陈良忠.2001.龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因.地学前缘,8(2):375-384.
吴山,赵兵,苟中海.1999.龙门山中-南段构造格局及其形成演化.矿物岩石,19(3):82-85.
肖富森,李政文,张华军,陶正喜,刘定锦,蒲平文,徐明华.2005.龙门山构造带北段地震、地质综合解释.天然气工业,25(5):37-39.
杨逢清,殷鸿福,杨恒书,赖旭龙.1994.松潘甘孜地块与秦岭褶皱带、扬子地台的关系及其发展史.地质学报,68(3):208-218.
于福生,李国志,杨光达,马宝军,陈书平.2009.准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带变形特征及成因机制模拟.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):386-395.
张国伟,郭安林,姚安平.2004.中国大陆构造中的西秦岭-松潘大陆构造结.地学前缘,11(3):23-32.
张军龙.2009.汶川Ms8级地震形成的擦痕形迹及其意义探讨.地学前缘,16(3):294-305.
周建文,曾庆,徐世琦,李毅,洪海涛,宋明伟,胡恒智,何智慧.2005.龙门山北段推覆构造带变形特征研究.天然气工业,25(增刊A):66-71.
Jia Dong,Wei Guoqi,Chen Zhuxin,Li Benliang,Zeng Qingand Yang Guang.2006.Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt andits relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China:Newinsights from hydrocarbon exploration.AAPG Bulletin,90(9):1425-1447.
Jia Dong,Li Yiquan,Lin Aiming,Wang Maomao,Chen Wei,Wu Xiaojun,Ren Zhikun,Zhao Yao and Luo Liang.2009.Structural model of2008Mw7.9Wenchuan earth-quake in the rejuvenated Longmen Shan thrust belt,China.Tectonophysics,online.
Massoli D,Koyi HA and Barchi M R.2006.Structural evolu-tion of a fold and thrust belt generated by multipledécollements:Analogue models and natural examples fromthe Northern Apennines(Italy).Journal ofStructural Ge-ology,28:185-199.
陈剑,卢华复,于景宗,王胜利.2005.断层相关褶皱的几何学模型及其应用.地球学报,26(1):89-92.
陈竹新,贾东,张惬,魏国齐,李本亮,魏东涛,沈扬.2005.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带的平衡剖面分析.地质学报,79(1):38-45.
何登发,Suppe J,贾承造.2005.断层相关褶皱理论与应用研究新进展.地学前缘,12(4):353-364.
贾东,陈竹新,贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮,张惬,魏东涛,沈扬.2003.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育.高校地质学报,9(3):402-410.
金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,万桂梅,吕志洲,余一欣.2007.川西龙门山褶皱冲断带分带性变形特征.地质学报,81(8):1073-1080.
金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,万桂梅,吕志洲.2008.龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨.地质论评,54(1):37-46
李勇,黄润秋,Alexander D L,周荣军,曹叔尤.2009.汶川8.0级地震的基本特征及其研究进展.四川大学学报(工程科学版),41(3):7-19.
李月,周瑶琪,颜世永,杨恒书.2008.龙门山造山带构造演化模式的建立.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),32(2):12-20.
刘树根,罗志立,曹树恒.1991.一种新的陆内俯冲类型—龙门山型俯冲成因机制研究.石油实验地质,13(4):314-323.
刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰.1995.龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降.地质学报,69(3):205-214.
刘玉萍,张洁,尹宏伟,徐士进.2008a.面积平衡法与川东大池干推覆带区域滑脱面预测.大地构造与成矿学,32(4):410-417.
刘玉萍,尹宏伟,张洁,徐士进,解国爱.2008b.褶皱-冲断体系双层滑脱构造变形物理模拟实验.石油实验地质,30(4):424-429.
罗志立.1984.试论中国型(C-型)冲断带及其油气勘探问题.石油与天然气地质,5(4)315-324.
马永旺,杨尽.2001.龙门山中段推覆构造的变形特征.成都理工大学学报,28(3):236-240.
宋春彦,刘顺,何利.2009.龙门山南段构造变形及应力序列.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):334-342.
汤良杰,杨克明,金文正,吕志洲,余一欣.2008.龙门山冲断带多层次滑脱带与滑脱构造变形.中国科学(D辑),38(增刊Ⅰ):30-40.
田勤俭,刁桂苓,郝平,冯向东,孙晴.2009.汶川8.0级地震及余震破裂的地质构造特征.地震,29(1):141-148.
王二七,孟庆任,陈智樑,陈良忠.2001.龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因.地学前缘,8(2):375-384.
吴山,赵兵,苟中海.1999.龙门山中-南段构造格局及其形成演化.矿物岩石,19(3):82-85.
肖富森,李政文,张华军,陶正喜,刘定锦,蒲平文,徐明华.2005.龙门山构造带北段地震、地质综合解释.天然气工业,25(5):37-39.
杨逢清,殷鸿福,杨恒书,赖旭龙.1994.松潘甘孜地块与秦岭褶皱带、扬子地台的关系及其发展史.地质学报,68(3):208-218.
于福生,李国志,杨光达,马宝军,陈书平.2009.准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带变形特征及成因机制模拟.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):386-395.
张国伟,郭安林,姚安平.2004.中国大陆构造中的西秦岭-松潘大陆构造结.地学前缘,11(3):23-32.
张军龙.2009.汶川Ms8级地震形成的擦痕形迹及其意义探讨.地学前缘,16(3):294-305.
周建文,曾庆,徐世琦,李毅,洪海涛,宋明伟,胡恒智,何智慧.2005.龙门山北段推覆构造带变形特征研究.天然气工业,25(增刊A):66-71.
Jia Dong,Wei Guoqi,Chen Zhuxin,Li Benliang,Zeng Qingand Yang Guang.2006.Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt andits relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China:Newinsights from hydrocarbon exploration.AAPG Bulletin,90(9):1425-1447.
Jia Dong,Li Yiquan,Lin Aiming,Wang Maomao,Chen Wei,Wu Xiaojun,Ren Zhikun,Zhao Yao and Luo Liang.2009.Structural model of2008Mw7.9Wenchuan earth-quake in the rejuvenated Longmen Shan thrust belt,China.Tectonophysics,online.
Massoli D,Koyi HA and Barchi M R.2006.Structural evolu-tion of a fold and thrust belt generated by multipledécollements:Analogue models and natural examples fromthe Northern Apennines(Italy).Journal ofStructural Ge-ology,28:185-199.
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