纳土纳(Natuna)地震台建设及初步结果
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摘要
简述了在南海纳土纳岛(Natuna Islands)建设地震台站的意义和设备.用获得的首批观测资料,分别采用接收函数方法和ScS波分裂技术反演了纳土纳地震台下面地壳的S波速度结构和各向异性参数.结果表明纳土纳地震台下方地壳厚度约28km,为典型的陆壳性质,上地幔40～50km为低速层.纳土纳的地壳快波方向为S62°E,与GPS测量的亚洲南部巽他块体的地壳运动方向一致.
The building process of a new seismic station in Natuna Islands is introduced,including its significance and its infrastructure and equipment.Based on primary observation data,we use receiver function method and ScS-wave Splitting technique to inverse the S-wave velocity structure and anisotropy parameters of crust under the Natuna Station spectively.The results show that the crust beneath Natuna Station is typical continental crust of 28km thick,and there is a low velocity layer(buried depth of 40～50 km) in the upper part of the mantle.The polarization of fast wave is S62°E(North clockwise 118°),identical to that of Sundaland,Southeast Asia,determined by GPS measurements of the crustal movement.
The building process of a new seismic station in Natuna Islands is introduced,including its significance and its infrastructure and equipment.Based on primary observation data,we use receiver function method and ScS-wave Splitting technique to inverse the S-wave velocity structure and anisotropy parameters of crust under the Natuna Station spectively.The results show that the crust beneath Natuna Station is typical continental crust of 28km thick,and there is a low velocity layer(buried depth of 40～50 km) in the upper part of the mantle.The polarization of fast wave is S62°E(North clockwise 118°),identical to that of Sundaland,Southeast Asia,determined by GPS measurements of the crustal movement.
引文
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[2]Yan P,Zhou D,Liu Z S.A crustal structure profile across thenorthern continental margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2001,338(1):1-21.
[3]Wang T K,Chen M K,Lee C S,et al.Seismic imaging of thetransitional crust across the northeastern margin of the SouthChina Sea.Tectonophysics,2006,412(3-4):237-254.
[4]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明等.南海东北部海陆联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845-852.Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Ye C M,et al.Analysis on deep crustalstructure along the onshore—offshore seismic profile acrossthe Binhai(Littoral)Fault Zone in northeastern South ChinaSea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):845-852.
[5]阮爱国,牛雄伟,吴振利等.潮汕坳陷中生代沉积的折射波2D速度结构和密度.高校地质学报,2009,15(4):522-528.Ruan A G,Niu X W,Wu Z L,et al.The 2D velocity anddensity structure of the mesozoic sediments in the ChaoshanDepression.Geological Journal of China Universities(inChinese),2009,15(4):522-528.
[6]吴振利,李家彪,阮爱国等.南海西北次海盆地壳结构:海底广角地震实验结果.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2011,41(10):1463-1476.Wu Z L,Li J B Ruan A G,et al.The crust structure ofNorthwestern basin,South China Sea:Results from wide angleseismic profile.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2011,41(10):1463-1476.
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[8]阮爱国,牛雄伟,丘学林等.南海南部陆缘礼乐滩一条新的OBS广角地震剖面.地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3139-3149.Ruan A G,Niu X W,Qiu X L,et al.A wide angle OBS Profilethrough Liyue Bank,the Southern Margin of SCS.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3139-3149.
[9]郝天珧,黄松,徐亚等.南海东北部及邻区深部结构的综合地球物理研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1785-1796.Hao T Y,Huang S,Xu Y,et al.Comprehensive geophysicalresearch on the deep structure of Northeastern South ChinaSea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1785-1796.
[10]Owens T J,Zandt G,Talor S R.Seismic evidence for an ancientrift beneath the Cumberland Plateau,Tennessee:A detailedanalysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms.J.Geophys.Res.,1984,89(B9):7783-7795.
[11]吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃等.用小波变换方法反演接收函数.地震学报,2003,25(6):601-607.Wu Q J,Tian X B,Zhang N L,et al.Inversion of receiverfunction by wavelet transformation.Seismologica Sinica.(inChinese),2003,25(6):601-607.
[12]王椿镛,楼海,吕智勇等.青藏高原东部地壳上地幔S波速度结构:下地壳流的深部环境.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2008,38(1):22-32.Wang C Y,Lou H,LüZ Y,et al.S-wave crustal and uppermantleps velocity structure in the eastern TibetanPlateau2deep environment of lower crustal flow.Science inChina(Series D:Earth Sciences)(in Chinese),2008,38(1):22-32.
[13]楼海,王椿镛,吕智勇等.2008年汶川MS8.0级地震的深部构造环境:远震P波接收函数和布格重力异常的联合解释.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2008,38(10):1207-1220.Lou H,Wang C Y,LüZ Y,et al.Deep tectonic setting of the2008 Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake in southwestern ChinaJoint analysis of teleseismic P-wave receiver functions andBouguer gravity anomalies.Science in China(Series D:EarthSciences)(in Chinese),2008,38(10):1207-1220.
[14]李永华,吴庆举,田小波等.用接收函数方法研究云南及其邻区地壳上地幔结构.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):67-80.Li Y H,Wu Q J,Tian X B,et al.Crustal structure in theYunnan region determined by modeling receiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):67-80.
[15]吴庆举,曾融生,赵文津.喜马拉雅-青藏高原的上地幔倾斜构造与陆-陆碰撞过程.中国科学D辑,2004,34(10):919-925.Wu Q J,Zeng R S,Zhao W J.The upper mantle structure ofthe Tibetan Platean and its implication for the continent—continent collision.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2004,34(10):919-925.
[16]Phinney R A.Structure of the Earth’s crust from spectralbehavior of long-period body waves.J Geophys.Res.,1964,69(14):2997-3017.
[17]Langston C A.The effect of planar dipping structure onsource and receiver responses for constant ray parameter.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1977,67(4):1029-1050.
[18]Vinnik L P.Detection of waves converted from P to SV in themantle.Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,1977,15(1):39-45.
[19]刘启元,Kind R,李顺成.中国数字地震台网的接收函数及其非线性反演.地球物理学报,1997,40(3):356-368.Liu Q Y,Kind R,Li S C.M receiver functions at the stationsof the Chinese Digital Seismic Network(CDSN)and theirnonlinear inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(3):356-368.
[20]吴庆举,曾融生.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构.地球物理学报,1998,41(5):669-679.Wu Q J,Zeng R S.The crustal structure of Qinghai-XizangPlateau inferred from broadband teleseismic waveform.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(5):669-679.
[21]刘启元,Kind R,李顺成.接收函数复谱比的最大或然性估计及非线性反演.地球物理学报,1996,39(4):502-511.Liu Q Y,Kind R,Li S C.Maximal likelihood estimation andnonlinear inversion of the complex receiver function spectrumratio.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(4):502-511.
[22]吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青等.用多道反褶积方法测定台站接收函数.地球物理学报,2007,50(3):791-796.Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.Receiver functionestimated by multi-channel deconvolution.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):791-796.
[23]田宝峰,李娟,王卫民等.华北太行山区地壳各向异性的接收函数证据.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1459-1467.Tian B F,Li J,Wang W M,et al.Crust anisotropy ofTaihangshan mountain range in north China inferred fromreceiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1459-1467.
[24]丘学林,曾钢平,胥颐等.南海西沙石岛地震台下的地壳结构研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1720-1729.Qiu X L,Zeng G P,Xu Y,et al.The crustal structure beneaththe Shidao Station on Xisha Islands of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1720-1729.
[25]阮爱国,李家彪,郝天姚等.石岛地震台远震记录反演研究.海洋学报,2006,28(2):85-92.Rann A G,Li J B,Hao T Y,et al.Inversion of far-fieldseismic waves at Shidao Seismographic Station.ActaOceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,20(2):85-92.
[26]黄海波,丘学林,曾钢平等.远震接收函数方法及其在海域岛礁区地壳结构研究中的应用.华南地震,2010,30(增刊):103-112.Huang H B,Qiu X L,Zeng G P,et al.Teleseismic receiverfunction method and its application to the crustal structurestudy of oceanic reef and islands.South China Journal ofSeismology(in Chinese),2010,30(Supp.1):103-112.
[27]Langston C A.Structure under Mount Rainier,Washington,inferred from teleseismic body waves.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1979,84(B9):4749-4762.
[28]吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃等.计算台站接收函数的最大熵谱反褶积方法.地震学报,2003,25(4):382-389.Wu Q J,Tian X B,Zhang N L,et al.Receiver functionestimated by maximum entropy deconvolution.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(4):382-389.
[29]Ammon C J,Randall G,Zandt G.On the nonuniqueness ofreceiver function inversions.Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(B10):15303-15318.
[30]Nicolas A,Christensen N I.Formation of anisotropy in uppermantle peridotites-A review in composition,structure anddynamics of the lithosphere.//Fuches K,Froidevaux C.Composition,Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System:Vo1.16.Washington D C:Am.Geophys.Un.,1987,11l-123.
[31]Keith C M,Crampin S.Seismic body waves in anisotropicmedia:synthetic seismograms.Geophys.J.Roy.Astron.Soc.,1977,49(1):225-243.
[32]Crampin S.A review of the effects of anisotropic layering onthe propagation of seismic waves.Geophys.J.Roy.Astron.Soc.,1977,49(1):9-27.
[33]江丽君,李永华,吴庆举.中天山及邻区S波分裂研究及其动力学意义.地球物理学报,2010,53(6):1399-1408.Jiang L J,Li Y H,Wu Q J.The shear wave splitting ofCentral Tien Shan and its implications.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(6):1399-1408.
[34]Gao S S,Liu K H.Significant seismic anisotropy beneath thesouthern Lhasa Terrane,Tibetan Plateau.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst,2009,10(2),doi:10.1029/2008GC002227.
[35]阮爱国,王椿镛,李清河等.上地幔各向异性分析中地壳的影响.地球物理学报,2004,47(3):441-448.Ruan A G,Wang C Y,Li Q H,et al.Effect of the crust on theanalysis of the upper mantle anisotropy.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):441-448.
[36]Bowman J R,Ando M.Shear-wave splitting in the upper-mantle wedge above the Tonga subduction zone.Geophys.J.Roy.Astron.Soc.,1987,88(1):25-41.
[37]Silver P G,Chan W W.Shear wave splitting and subcontinentalmantle deformation.J.Geophys.Res.,1991,96(B10):16429-16454.
[38]Simons W J F,Socquet A,Vigny C,et al.A decade of GPS inSoutheast Asia:Resolving Sundaland motion and boundaries.J.Geophys.Res.,2007,112:B06420,doi:10.1029/2005JB003868.
[2]Yan P,Zhou D,Liu Z S.A crustal structure profile across thenorthern continental margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2001,338(1):1-21.
[3]Wang T K,Chen M K,Lee C S,et al.Seismic imaging of thetransitional crust across the northeastern margin of the SouthChina Sea.Tectonophysics,2006,412(3-4):237-254.
[4]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明等.南海东北部海陆联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845-852.Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Ye C M,et al.Analysis on deep crustalstructure along the onshore—offshore seismic profile acrossthe Binhai(Littoral)Fault Zone in northeastern South ChinaSea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):845-852.
[5]阮爱国,牛雄伟,吴振利等.潮汕坳陷中生代沉积的折射波2D速度结构和密度.高校地质学报,2009,15(4):522-528.Ruan A G,Niu X W,Wu Z L,et al.The 2D velocity anddensity structure of the mesozoic sediments in the ChaoshanDepression.Geological Journal of China Universities(inChinese),2009,15(4):522-528.
[6]吴振利,李家彪,阮爱国等.南海西北次海盆地壳结构:海底广角地震实验结果.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2011,41(10):1463-1476.Wu Z L,Li J B Ruan A G,et al.The crust structure ofNorthwestern basin,South China Sea:Results from wide angleseismic profile.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2011,41(10):1463-1476.
[7]Qiu X L,Ye S Y,Wu S M,et al.Crustal structure across theXisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2001,341(1-4):179-193.
[8]阮爱国,牛雄伟,丘学林等.南海南部陆缘礼乐滩一条新的OBS广角地震剖面.地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3139-3149.Ruan A G,Niu X W,Qiu X L,et al.A wide angle OBS Profilethrough Liyue Bank,the Southern Margin of SCS.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3139-3149.
[9]郝天珧,黄松,徐亚等.南海东北部及邻区深部结构的综合地球物理研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1785-1796.Hao T Y,Huang S,Xu Y,et al.Comprehensive geophysicalresearch on the deep structure of Northeastern South ChinaSea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1785-1796.
[10]Owens T J,Zandt G,Talor S R.Seismic evidence for an ancientrift beneath the Cumberland Plateau,Tennessee:A detailedanalysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms.J.Geophys.Res.,1984,89(B9):7783-7795.
[11]吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃等.用小波变换方法反演接收函数.地震学报,2003,25(6):601-607.Wu Q J,Tian X B,Zhang N L,et al.Inversion of receiverfunction by wavelet transformation.Seismologica Sinica.(inChinese),2003,25(6):601-607.
[12]王椿镛,楼海,吕智勇等.青藏高原东部地壳上地幔S波速度结构:下地壳流的深部环境.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2008,38(1):22-32.Wang C Y,Lou H,LüZ Y,et al.S-wave crustal and uppermantleps velocity structure in the eastern TibetanPlateau2deep environment of lower crustal flow.Science inChina(Series D:Earth Sciences)(in Chinese),2008,38(1):22-32.
[13]楼海,王椿镛,吕智勇等.2008年汶川MS8.0级地震的深部构造环境:远震P波接收函数和布格重力异常的联合解释.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2008,38(10):1207-1220.Lou H,Wang C Y,LüZ Y,et al.Deep tectonic setting of the2008 Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake in southwestern ChinaJoint analysis of teleseismic P-wave receiver functions andBouguer gravity anomalies.Science in China(Series D:EarthSciences)(in Chinese),2008,38(10):1207-1220.
[14]李永华,吴庆举,田小波等.用接收函数方法研究云南及其邻区地壳上地幔结构.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):67-80.Li Y H,Wu Q J,Tian X B,et al.Crustal structure in theYunnan region determined by modeling receiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):67-80.
[15]吴庆举,曾融生,赵文津.喜马拉雅-青藏高原的上地幔倾斜构造与陆-陆碰撞过程.中国科学D辑,2004,34(10):919-925.Wu Q J,Zeng R S,Zhao W J.The upper mantle structure ofthe Tibetan Platean and its implication for the continent—continent collision.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2004,34(10):919-925.
[16]Phinney R A.Structure of the Earth’s crust from spectralbehavior of long-period body waves.J Geophys.Res.,1964,69(14):2997-3017.
[17]Langston C A.The effect of planar dipping structure onsource and receiver responses for constant ray parameter.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1977,67(4):1029-1050.
[18]Vinnik L P.Detection of waves converted from P to SV in themantle.Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,1977,15(1):39-45.
[19]刘启元,Kind R,李顺成.中国数字地震台网的接收函数及其非线性反演.地球物理学报,1997,40(3):356-368.Liu Q Y,Kind R,Li S C.M receiver functions at the stationsof the Chinese Digital Seismic Network(CDSN)and theirnonlinear inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(3):356-368.
[20]吴庆举,曾融生.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构.地球物理学报,1998,41(5):669-679.Wu Q J,Zeng R S.The crustal structure of Qinghai-XizangPlateau inferred from broadband teleseismic waveform.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(5):669-679.
[21]刘启元,Kind R,李顺成.接收函数复谱比的最大或然性估计及非线性反演.地球物理学报,1996,39(4):502-511.Liu Q Y,Kind R,Li S C.Maximal likelihood estimation andnonlinear inversion of the complex receiver function spectrumratio.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(4):502-511.
[22]吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青等.用多道反褶积方法测定台站接收函数.地球物理学报,2007,50(3):791-796.Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.Receiver functionestimated by multi-channel deconvolution.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):791-796.
[23]田宝峰,李娟,王卫民等.华北太行山区地壳各向异性的接收函数证据.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1459-1467.Tian B F,Li J,Wang W M,et al.Crust anisotropy ofTaihangshan mountain range in north China inferred fromreceiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1459-1467.
[24]丘学林,曾钢平,胥颐等.南海西沙石岛地震台下的地壳结构研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1720-1729.Qiu X L,Zeng G P,Xu Y,et al.The crustal structure beneaththe Shidao Station on Xisha Islands of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1720-1729.
[25]阮爱国,李家彪,郝天姚等.石岛地震台远震记录反演研究.海洋学报,2006,28(2):85-92.Rann A G,Li J B,Hao T Y,et al.Inversion of far-fieldseismic waves at Shidao Seismographic Station.ActaOceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,20(2):85-92.
[26]黄海波,丘学林,曾钢平等.远震接收函数方法及其在海域岛礁区地壳结构研究中的应用.华南地震,2010,30(增刊):103-112.Huang H B,Qiu X L,Zeng G P,et al.Teleseismic receiverfunction method and its application to the crustal structurestudy of oceanic reef and islands.South China Journal ofSeismology(in Chinese),2010,30(Supp.1):103-112.
[27]Langston C A.Structure under Mount Rainier,Washington,inferred from teleseismic body waves.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1979,84(B9):4749-4762.
[28]吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃等.计算台站接收函数的最大熵谱反褶积方法.地震学报,2003,25(4):382-389.Wu Q J,Tian X B,Zhang N L,et al.Receiver functionestimated by maximum entropy deconvolution.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(4):382-389.
[29]Ammon C J,Randall G,Zandt G.On the nonuniqueness ofreceiver function inversions.Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(B10):15303-15318.
[30]Nicolas A,Christensen N I.Formation of anisotropy in uppermantle peridotites-A review in composition,structure anddynamics of the lithosphere.//Fuches K,Froidevaux C.Composition,Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System:Vo1.16.Washington D C:Am.Geophys.Un.,1987,11l-123.
[31]Keith C M,Crampin S.Seismic body waves in anisotropicmedia:synthetic seismograms.Geophys.J.Roy.Astron.Soc.,1977,49(1):225-243.
[32]Crampin S.A review of the effects of anisotropic layering onthe propagation of seismic waves.Geophys.J.Roy.Astron.Soc.,1977,49(1):9-27.
[33]江丽君,李永华,吴庆举.中天山及邻区S波分裂研究及其动力学意义.地球物理学报,2010,53(6):1399-1408.Jiang L J,Li Y H,Wu Q J.The shear wave splitting ofCentral Tien Shan and its implications.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(6):1399-1408.
[34]Gao S S,Liu K H.Significant seismic anisotropy beneath thesouthern Lhasa Terrane,Tibetan Plateau.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst,2009,10(2),doi:10.1029/2008GC002227.
[35]阮爱国,王椿镛,李清河等.上地幔各向异性分析中地壳的影响.地球物理学报,2004,47(3):441-448.Ruan A G,Wang C Y,Li Q H,et al.Effect of the crust on theanalysis of the upper mantle anisotropy.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):441-448.
[36]Bowman J R,Ando M.Shear-wave splitting in the upper-mantle wedge above the Tonga subduction zone.Geophys.J.Roy.Astron.Soc.,1987,88(1):25-41.
[37]Silver P G,Chan W W.Shear wave splitting and subcontinentalmantle deformation.J.Geophys.Res.,1991,96(B10):16429-16454.
[38]Simons W J F,Socquet A,Vigny C,et al.A decade of GPS inSoutheast Asia:Resolving Sundaland motion and boundaries.J.Geophys.Res.,2007,112:B06420,doi:10.1029/2005JB003868.
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