中国大陆岩石圈导电性结构研究——大陆电磁参数“标准网”实验(SinoProbe-01)
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摘要
"中国大陆地壳探测计划"的首要目标是岩石圈物性结构、构造和物质组成的探测,这包括大陆岩石圈的地震波速度、密度、磁性、导电性和放射性结构研究。其中,大陆岩石圈导电性结构的研究越来越引起人们的重视。利用岩石圈导电性结构模型不仅可以推断地球内部的岩、矿石组成和地质构造轮廓,还可以间接提供有关地球内部热结构的信息,为研究地球内部物质状态、地壳运动过程及其动力学机制等科学命题服务。因此,很多发达国家自上世纪70年代以来,陆续启动了岩石圈导电性结构探测。2004年,美国开始了"地球透镜计划(EarthScope)";其中,"大地电磁阵列"(USArray)是整个计划中的重要部分,是一个大陆尺度的大地电磁场观测计划,它将为北美大陆的构造与演化提供新的约束。在中国,大陆岩石圈导电性结构研究虽取得一系列重要成果,但也仅限于对其基本格局有一定认识,远远满足不了大陆动力学问题研究的需要。为了研究中国大陆形成、演化机理,首先需要确定中国大陆岩石圈三维构造模型、热结构和流变性特征,而这一切都与更详细、更准确的中国大陆岩石圈导电性结构有着密切关系。为了实现构建中国大陆岩石圈电磁学参数三维数据体及导电性结构标准模型的目标,"深部探测技术与实验研究专项"设立"大陆电磁参数标准网实验研究(SinoProbe-01)"项目,解决大陆尺度、阵列式(Array)大地电磁场(MT)标准网观测计划的关键技术问题,研究具体的实施方法技术,并提供示范性成果。项目将尽可能预先建立覆盖全国、网度为4°×4°的阵列式区域大地电磁参数标准网控制格架,并以华北和青藏为基地创立阵列式区域大地电磁场"标准点"1°×1°观测网的构建方法、技术;构建华北和青藏地区壳、幔电磁参数三维结构标准模型"格架",以及不同网度的壳、幔物性三维结构模型,为覆盖全国的阵列式区域大地电磁"标准点"观测网最佳网度选择提供依据,为最终建立中国大陆岩石圈三维导电性结构标准模型奠定基础,为预测我国超大型金属成矿远景区提供方向。完成本项目研究将对揭示中国大地构造特点和岩石圈结构提供重要依据,对油气及固体矿产资源远景评估提供制约,并对完善后板块大地构造理论有重要意义。开展这方面的研究将揭开中国大地构造地球物理学新阶段的序幕,为中国可持续发展与地球科学的进步作出贡献。
The primary purpose of the "Chinese Continental Crust Detection Project" is to detect the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lithosphere. This includes the study of seismic wave velocity, density, magnetism, electrical conductivity, and radioactivity of the lithosphere. In recent decades, the study of lithospheric electrical structure has increasingly drawn the earth scientists' attention. The model of lithospheric electrical structure can be used to infer the geological structure and mineral composition of rocks in the deep earth. Information about the thermal structure of the earth's interior can also be obtained from the model to serve the study of earth's interior status, dynamic mechanism of the crust movement and other significant science subjects. Many developed countries has started the electrical structure detection of lithosphere since the 1970s. The United States started the "EarthScope" project at the year of 2004, and the magnetotelluric monitoring network named "USArray" is one important part of the project. The "USArray" is set to observe the natural EM field on the continental scale, which will supply new constrains on the formation and evolution of the North American Continent. In China, though some significant advancement have been achieved from the study of the electrical structure of continental lithosphere, we only have some basic understanding about the general settings, and there is still a long way to go to reach the requirement for the study of continental dynamics. To understand the formation and evolution mechanism of Chinese continent, we need to study the 3-D geological structure, geothermal status and the rheological features of the Chinese continental lithosphere. All these objectives can not be achieved without a electrical structure with more details and accuracy. To accomplish the objective of establishing a 3-D dataset of EM parameters and modeling a standard electrical structure of the Chinese continental lithosphere, the experimental study of "standard monitoring network" of continental EM parameters (SinoProbe-01) was set within the project of "SinoProbe". This experimental study aims to solve the key technical problems about the monitoring network of MT array, make a detailed plan for MT observation, and supply example results. A 4°×4° regional MT array covering the whole country will be arranged in priority to build a controlling framework. Then, a 1°×1° MT array based on Northern China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will be laid out. The standard 3-D lithospheric electrical model of Northern China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will be built, and the model will be examined in different net degrees to determine a optimal plan for the whole network. This study is considered as the groundwork for the establishment of standard 3-D lithospheric electrical model, which will be instructive for the prediction of large-scaled metallization areas in China. The accomplishment of this project indicates more significant evidence for the study of tectonic feature and lithospheric structure of China. It will provide more constraints on the evaluation of solid mineral, oil and gas resources, and greatly complement the post-plate geotectonic theory. This study also denotes a new stage of the research on geotectonics and geophysics, and it will make significant contribution to the advancement of earth sciences and the sustainable development of China.
The primary purpose of the "Chinese Continental Crust Detection Project" is to detect the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lithosphere. This includes the study of seismic wave velocity, density, magnetism, electrical conductivity, and radioactivity of the lithosphere. In recent decades, the study of lithospheric electrical structure has increasingly drawn the earth scientists' attention. The model of lithospheric electrical structure can be used to infer the geological structure and mineral composition of rocks in the deep earth. Information about the thermal structure of the earth's interior can also be obtained from the model to serve the study of earth's interior status, dynamic mechanism of the crust movement and other significant science subjects. Many developed countries has started the electrical structure detection of lithosphere since the 1970s. The United States started the "EarthScope" project at the year of 2004, and the magnetotelluric monitoring network named "USArray" is one important part of the project. The "USArray" is set to observe the natural EM field on the continental scale, which will supply new constrains on the formation and evolution of the North American Continent. In China, though some significant advancement have been achieved from the study of the electrical structure of continental lithosphere, we only have some basic understanding about the general settings, and there is still a long way to go to reach the requirement for the study of continental dynamics. To understand the formation and evolution mechanism of Chinese continent, we need to study the 3-D geological structure, geothermal status and the rheological features of the Chinese continental lithosphere. All these objectives can not be achieved without a electrical structure with more details and accuracy. To accomplish the objective of establishing a 3-D dataset of EM parameters and modeling a standard electrical structure of the Chinese continental lithosphere, the experimental study of "standard monitoring network" of continental EM parameters (SinoProbe-01) was set within the project of "SinoProbe". This experimental study aims to solve the key technical problems about the monitoring network of MT array, make a detailed plan for MT observation, and supply example results. A 4°×4° regional MT array covering the whole country will be arranged in priority to build a controlling framework. Then, a 1°×1° MT array based on Northern China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will be laid out. The standard 3-D lithospheric electrical model of Northern China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will be built, and the model will be examined in different net degrees to determine a optimal plan for the whole network. This study is considered as the groundwork for the establishment of standard 3-D lithospheric electrical model, which will be instructive for the prediction of large-scaled metallization areas in China. The accomplishment of this project indicates more significant evidence for the study of tectonic feature and lithospheric structure of China. It will provide more constraints on the evaluation of solid mineral, oil and gas resources, and greatly complement the post-plate geotectonic theory. This study also denotes a new stage of the research on geotectonics and geophysics, and it will make significant contribution to the advancement of earth sciences and the sustainable development of China.
引文
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董树文,李廷栋.2009.SinoProbe——中国深部探测实验.地质学报,83(7):895～909.
傅承义,陈运泰,祁贵仲.1985.地球物理学基础.北京:科学出版社,1～3,116～127.
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黄怀曾,吴功建,朱英,等.1994.岩石圈动力学研究.北京:地质出版社,3～5.
李立.1999.中国大陆地壳上地幔地电特征研究.第30届国际地质大会论文集(20).北京:地质出版社,80～87.
石应骏,刘国栋,吴广耀,等.1985.大地电磁测深法教程.北京:地震出版社,20～23,40～46,83～90.
唐户俊一郎.2005.流变与地球动力学.何昌荣,齐庆新,乔春生译.北京:地震出版社,6～14.
腾吉文.2003.固体地球物理学概论.北京:地震出版社,349～352.
万扬ЛЛ.2001.电磁测深.孔祥儒,曾治权译.北京:海洋出版社,4～10,57～61.
夏国治,等.2004.廿世纪中国物探.北京:地质出版社.
徐常芳.1996.中国大陆地壳上地幔电性结构及地震分布规律(一).地震学报,18(2):254～261.
徐常芳.2003.中国大陆壳内与上地幔高导层成因及唐山地震机理研究.地学前缘,10(特刊):101～111.
王继伦,等.1997.中国金属矿物化探方法技术研究与应用.北京:地质出版社.
魏文博.2002.我国大地电磁测深新进展及瞻望.地球物理学进展,17(2):245～254.
Derek Blundell,Roy Freeman,Stephon Mueller.1998.AContinentRevealed:The European Geotraverse.New York:CambridgeUniversity Press,178.
Lebedev E B,Khitarov NI.1964.Dependence on the beginning ofmelting of granite and the electrical conductivity of its melt onhigh water vapor pressure.Geochem.Int.,1:193～197.
Partsch G M,Schilling F R,et al.2000.The influence of partialmelting on the electrical behavior of crustal rocks:laboratoryexaminations,model calculations and geological interpretations.Tectonophysics,317:189～203.
Prasanta K Patro,Gary D Egbert.2008.Regional conductivitystructure of Cascadia:preli minary results from3Dinversion ofUSArray transportable array magnetotelluric data.I AGA WG1.2on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth ExtendedAbstract19thWorkshop Beijing,China,October23-19,192～197.
Roberts J J,Tyburczy J.1999.Partial-melt electrical conductivity:influence of melt composition.J.Geophys.Res.,104:7055～7065.
C1owes R M.1997.LITHOPROBE第V阶段工作建议——揭示大陆演化.LITHOPROBE秘书处出版.温哥华特区:大不列颠哥伦比亚大学,188.
董树文,李廷栋.2009.SinoProbe——中国深部探测实验.地质学报,83(7):895～909.
傅承义,陈运泰,祁贵仲.1985.地球物理学基础.北京:科学出版社,1～3,116～127.
傅良魁.1983.电法勘探教程.北京:地质出版社,258～261.
黄怀曾,吴功建,朱英,等.1994.岩石圈动力学研究.北京:地质出版社,3～5.
李立.1999.中国大陆地壳上地幔地电特征研究.第30届国际地质大会论文集(20).北京:地质出版社,80～87.
石应骏,刘国栋,吴广耀,等.1985.大地电磁测深法教程.北京:地震出版社,20～23,40～46,83～90.
唐户俊一郎.2005.流变与地球动力学.何昌荣,齐庆新,乔春生译.北京:地震出版社,6～14.
腾吉文.2003.固体地球物理学概论.北京:地震出版社,349～352.
万扬ЛЛ.2001.电磁测深.孔祥儒,曾治权译.北京:海洋出版社,4～10,57～61.
夏国治,等.2004.廿世纪中国物探.北京:地质出版社.
徐常芳.1996.中国大陆地壳上地幔电性结构及地震分布规律(一).地震学报,18(2):254～261.
徐常芳.2003.中国大陆壳内与上地幔高导层成因及唐山地震机理研究.地学前缘,10(特刊):101～111.
王继伦,等.1997.中国金属矿物化探方法技术研究与应用.北京:地质出版社.
魏文博.2002.我国大地电磁测深新进展及瞻望.地球物理学进展,17(2):245～254.
Derek Blundell,Roy Freeman,Stephon Mueller.1998.AContinentRevealed:The European Geotraverse.New York:CambridgeUniversity Press,178.
Lebedev E B,Khitarov NI.1964.Dependence on the beginning ofmelting of granite and the electrical conductivity of its melt onhigh water vapor pressure.Geochem.Int.,1:193～197.
Partsch G M,Schilling F R,et al.2000.The influence of partialmelting on the electrical behavior of crustal rocks:laboratoryexaminations,model calculations and geological interpretations.Tectonophysics,317:189～203.
Prasanta K Patro,Gary D Egbert.2008.Regional conductivitystructure of Cascadia:preli minary results from3Dinversion ofUSArray transportable array magnetotelluric data.I AGA WG1.2on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth ExtendedAbstract19thWorkshop Beijing,China,October23-19,192～197.
Roberts J J,Tyburczy J.1999.Partial-melt electrical conductivity:influence of melt composition.J.Geophys.Res.,104:7055～7065.
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