基于小波束偏移算子的井间地震成像
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摘要
应用地面地震叠前深度偏移能够较好地对复杂构造成像,但对于薄层的成像其分辨率不够。而井间地震受地面的干扰较少,并且信号主频较高,成像具有较高的分辨率。基于单程波方程的波动方程偏移方法可以适应速度场的强横向变化,但不能够直接应用到井间地震成像。本文基于起伏地表直接向下延拓法成像的思想,应用波场逐步累加的方法,实现井间地震的叠前深度偏移。在此基础上,将小波束偏移算子引入到井间地震成像中,由于其局部化的参考速度,减小了局部速度扰动,提高了计算精度。通过复杂的井间地震模型试算验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,与分步傅里叶偏移方法相比,断层成像更清晰,偏移噪声得到了较好的压制。
We can get better complex structure image from prestack depth migration of surface seismic data,but it lacks of resolution when imaging in some area with thin layers.Cross-well acquisition system has little effect from the surface and has higher frequency information,which can get higher resolution image.Prestack depth migration based on one way wave equation can adapt to area with strong velocity variation.However,this conventional migration method cannot be directly used for corsswell data.In this paper,we perform the crosswell prestack depth migration with the thought of wave field accumulation gradually based on the directly downward continuation.The beamlet migration operator was introduced which has localized reference velocity.The localized reference velocity reduces the perturbation velocity and improves the calculation accuracy.The test of complex crosswell model migration has proved the validity and effectiveness of our method.The faults are clearer and migration noise was better suppressed.
We can get better complex structure image from prestack depth migration of surface seismic data,but it lacks of resolution when imaging in some area with thin layers.Cross-well acquisition system has little effect from the surface and has higher frequency information,which can get higher resolution image.Prestack depth migration based on one way wave equation can adapt to area with strong velocity variation.However,this conventional migration method cannot be directly used for corsswell data.In this paper,we perform the crosswell prestack depth migration with the thought of wave field accumulation gradually based on the directly downward continuation.The beamlet migration operator was introduced which has localized reference velocity.The localized reference velocity reduces the perturbation velocity and improves the calculation accuracy.The test of complex crosswell model migration has proved the validity and effectiveness of our method.The faults are clearer and migration noise was better suppressed.
引文
[1]裴正林.井间地震层析成像的现状与进展.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):91～97Pei Zhenglin.Status and progress on crosshole seis-mic tomography.Progress in Geophysics,2011,16(3):91～97
[2]曹辉.井间地震技术发展现状.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):6～10Cao Hui.Current status of crosswell seismic technol-ogy.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(6):6～10
[3]曹辉,郭全仕,唐金良等.井间地震反射波资料处理.石油物探,2006,45(5):514～519Cao Hui,Guo Quanshi,Tang Jinliang et al.Process-ing of crosswell seismic reflection wave data.GPP,2006,45(5):514～519
[4]郭全仕等.井间地震反射波成像技术探讨.石油物探,2005,44(5):439～444Guo Quanshi et al.The reflection imaging of seismiccrosshole.GPP,2005,44(5):439～444
[5]宋建国.井间地震偏移速度扫描和反射波超级叠加技术.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(1):23～26Song Jianguo.Scanning technology of crosshole seis-mic migration velocity and untra-stacking of reflectionwave.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natual Science),1999,23(1):23～26
[6]孔庆丰,王延光,左建军等.井间地震有限角度叠加方法研究与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):256～252Kong Qing-feng,Wang Yan-guang,Zuo Jian-jun et al.The study and application of cross-hole seismic reflec-tion finite angle stacked method.OGP,42(3):256～252
[7]魏国华.井间地震POSTMAP偏移成像研究及应用.勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):322～325Wei Guohua.Crosswell seismic POSTMAP migrationand its application.Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2006,29(5):322～325
[8]叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐.起伏地表条件下的合成平面波偏移及其并行实现.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):622～628Ye Yue-ming,Li Zhen-chun,Tong Zhao-qi.Syn-thetic plane wave migration in relief surface conditionand implementation in parallel way.OGP,2007,42(6):622～628
[9]叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐,曹文俊.双复杂介质条件下频率空间域有限差分法保幅偏移.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1511～1519Ye Yueming,Li Zhenchun,Tong Zhaoqi,Cao Wen-jun.Preserved-amplitude migration with dual-com-plexity.Chinese J Geophysics,2008,51(5):1511～1519
[10]王华忠,徐蔚亚,王建民,马在田.VSP数据波动方程叠前深度偏移成像及立体地震成像.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):517～525Wang Huazhong,Xu Weiya,Wang Jianmin,Ma Zai-tian.Prestack depth migration of VSP data and stere-oscopic seismic imaging.OGP,2001,36(5):517～525
[11]严建文,方伍宝,曹辉等.井间地震数据的波动方程偏移成像.地球物理学报,2008,52(3):908～914Yan Jianwen,Fang Wubao,Cao hui et al.Wave e-quation migration imaging of cross-well seismic data.Chinese J Geophysics,2008,52(3):908～914
[12]Ye Y M,Wu RuShan,Li Z C.Beamlet migration onirregular surface with acquisition aperture correction.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:2758～2762
[13]Ye Y M,Li Z C,Han W G and Liu Q M.Beamletsprestack depth migration and illumination:a testbased on Marmousi model.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(4):203～209
[14]Wu R S,Wang Y and Gao J H.Beamlet migrationbased on local perturbation theory.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:1008～1011
[15]Wu R S,Wang Y and Luo M Q.Beamlet migrationusing local cosine basis.Geophysics,2008,73(5):S207～S217
[16]Reshef M.Depth migration from irregular surfaceswith the depth extrapolation methods.Geophysics,1991,56(1):119～122
[2]曹辉.井间地震技术发展现状.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):6～10Cao Hui.Current status of crosswell seismic technol-ogy.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(6):6～10
[3]曹辉,郭全仕,唐金良等.井间地震反射波资料处理.石油物探,2006,45(5):514～519Cao Hui,Guo Quanshi,Tang Jinliang et al.Process-ing of crosswell seismic reflection wave data.GPP,2006,45(5):514～519
[4]郭全仕等.井间地震反射波成像技术探讨.石油物探,2005,44(5):439～444Guo Quanshi et al.The reflection imaging of seismiccrosshole.GPP,2005,44(5):439～444
[5]宋建国.井间地震偏移速度扫描和反射波超级叠加技术.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(1):23～26Song Jianguo.Scanning technology of crosshole seis-mic migration velocity and untra-stacking of reflectionwave.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natual Science),1999,23(1):23～26
[6]孔庆丰,王延光,左建军等.井间地震有限角度叠加方法研究与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):256～252Kong Qing-feng,Wang Yan-guang,Zuo Jian-jun et al.The study and application of cross-hole seismic reflec-tion finite angle stacked method.OGP,42(3):256～252
[7]魏国华.井间地震POSTMAP偏移成像研究及应用.勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):322～325Wei Guohua.Crosswell seismic POSTMAP migrationand its application.Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2006,29(5):322～325
[8]叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐.起伏地表条件下的合成平面波偏移及其并行实现.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):622～628Ye Yue-ming,Li Zhen-chun,Tong Zhao-qi.Syn-thetic plane wave migration in relief surface conditionand implementation in parallel way.OGP,2007,42(6):622～628
[9]叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐,曹文俊.双复杂介质条件下频率空间域有限差分法保幅偏移.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1511～1519Ye Yueming,Li Zhenchun,Tong Zhaoqi,Cao Wen-jun.Preserved-amplitude migration with dual-com-plexity.Chinese J Geophysics,2008,51(5):1511～1519
[10]王华忠,徐蔚亚,王建民,马在田.VSP数据波动方程叠前深度偏移成像及立体地震成像.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):517～525Wang Huazhong,Xu Weiya,Wang Jianmin,Ma Zai-tian.Prestack depth migration of VSP data and stere-oscopic seismic imaging.OGP,2001,36(5):517～525
[11]严建文,方伍宝,曹辉等.井间地震数据的波动方程偏移成像.地球物理学报,2008,52(3):908～914Yan Jianwen,Fang Wubao,Cao hui et al.Wave e-quation migration imaging of cross-well seismic data.Chinese J Geophysics,2008,52(3):908～914
[12]Ye Y M,Wu RuShan,Li Z C.Beamlet migration onirregular surface with acquisition aperture correction.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:2758～2762
[13]Ye Y M,Li Z C,Han W G and Liu Q M.Beamletsprestack depth migration and illumination:a testbased on Marmousi model.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(4):203～209
[14]Wu R S,Wang Y and Gao J H.Beamlet migrationbased on local perturbation theory.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:1008～1011
[15]Wu R S,Wang Y and Luo M Q.Beamlet migrationusing local cosine basis.Geophysics,2008,73(5):S207～S217
[16]Reshef M.Depth migration from irregular surfaceswith the depth extrapolation methods.Geophysics,1991,56(1):119～122
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