谱分解在含气检测中的应用
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摘要
由于含气砂岩的非均质性,地震波在经过含气砂岩时高频能量衰减强,低频能量衰减弱.从而在储层的下方可能出现低频强振幅的阴影区.因此,可用时频分析直接对储层的含气性进行检测.时频连续小波变换是对连续小波变换方法的改进.变换的结果是时频域,不需要尺度-频率的转换;且时频分辨率高.本文将它用于储层含气性检测.
Because of the heterogeneity, when seismic propagates through gas-bearing sandstone, the high frequency will attenuate strongly while the low frequency attenuation is much weaker.Then, low-frequency shadow may occur below the gas reservoirs.Therefore, time-frequency analysis can be directly used to detect the gas in the reservoirs. Time-frequency continuous wavelet transform (TFCWT) is a new time-frequency analysis method which comes from the improvement of continuous wavelet transform (CWT).Its domain is directly time-frequency and its resolution is much higher than CWT.In this paper, TFCWT is directly used to detect the gas in the reservoirs.
Because of the heterogeneity, when seismic propagates through gas-bearing sandstone, the high frequency will attenuate strongly while the low frequency attenuation is much weaker.Then, low-frequency shadow may occur below the gas reservoirs.Therefore, time-frequency analysis can be directly used to detect the gas in the reservoirs. Time-frequency continuous wavelet transform (TFCWT) is a new time-frequency analysis method which comes from the improvement of continuous wavelet transform (CWT).Its domain is directly time-frequency and its resolution is much higher than CWT.In this paper, TFCWT is directly used to detect the gas in the reservoirs.
引文
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[2] 陈学华,等.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :215～221． Chen X H, et al.Low frequency shadow detection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2009, 52(1) : 215～221．
[3] Taner M T, Koehler F, Sheriff R E.Complex seismic Trace analysis[J].Geophysics, 1979, 44(6) :1041～1063．
[4] Ebrom Dan.The low-frequency gas shadow on seismic sections[J].The Leading Edge, 2004,23(8) : 772．
[5] Fred J.Hilterman.Seismic amplitude interpretation[M].SEG&EAGA, 2001．
[6] Castagna J P, Sun S, Siegfried R W.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge, 2003, 22(2) : 120～127．
[7] Goloshubin G M, Bakulin A V.Seismic reflectivity of a thin porous fluid saturated layer versus frequency[C].68th Annual Meeting, Society of Exploration Geophysicists.Expanded Abstracts, 1998,976～979．
[8] Goloshubin G M, Korneev V A.Seismic low-frequency effects from fluid saturated reservoir[C].70th Annual Meeting, Society of Exploration Geophysicists.Expanded Abstracts, 2000,1671～ 1674．
[9]Korneev V A,Goloshubin G M,Daley T M,et al ,Seismic low frequency effects in monitoring fluid saturated reservoirs[J].Geophysics, 2004, 69(2) :522～532．
[10] 尹陈,等.基于波动方程的地震波衰减理论研究及应用[J].成都理工大学学报(自科学版),2008,35(3) :264～267． Yi C,et al.Research and application of the attenuation theory for seismic wave based on the wave equation[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Techonology (Science & Technology Edition), 2005, 35(3) ,264～267．
[11] 边里恩,等.饱含流体介质的地震波场特征及频率分布[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(3) :74～78． Bian L E, et al.Seismic wave field characteristics and frequency distribution in fluid-saturated media[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(3) :74～78．
[12] 王鹏,等.信号测不准原理的量子诠释[J].电子科技大学学报,2008,37(1) :14～16． Wang P, et al.Quantum Interpretation of Signal's Uncertainty Principle[J].Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2008, 37(1) :14～16．
[13] 邹文,等.地震信号的时频分析方法[J].世界地质,2004,23(1) :95～99． Zou W, et al.Time-frequency analysis method of seismic signal[J].Global Geology, 2004, 23(1) :95～99．
[14] 彭为.短时Fourier变换与小波变换的比较[J].现代计算机,2002,149:6～9． Peng W.The comparison between Instant Fourier Transform and wavelet transform[J].Modern Computer, 2002, 149:6～9．
[15] 张三宗,等.地震记录小波域高价相关叠加技术[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2) :554～560． Zhang S Z, et al.Higher-order correlative stacking for seismic data in the wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese), 2006, 49(2) : 554～560．
[16] 邱宁,等.分析研究基于小波分析与谱分析提高重力异常的分辨能力[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :112～120． Qiu L, et al.Ability of improving gravity anomaly resolution based on multi-resolution wavelt analysis amd power spectrum analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007, 22(1) , 112～120．
[17] 陈雨红,等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4) :1180～1185． Chen Y H, et al.The comparison of some time-frequency analysis methods[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006, 21(4) :1180～1185．
[18] 刘喜武,等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征[J].地球物 理学进展,2006,21(2) :440～451． Liu X W, et al.Study on characteristics of seismic stratigraphy by generalized S-transform[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006, 21(2) : 440～451．
[19] Satish sinha, et al.Spectral decomposition of seismic data with continuous-wavelet transform[J].Geophysics, 2005, 70 (6) :19～25．
[20] 高静怀,等.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3) :392～400． Gao J H, et al.On the choice of wavelet functions for seismic data processing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 1996,39(3) :392～400．
[21] 牛聪,等.基于谱分析的低频阴影检测技术[J].海洋石油,2008,28(2) :58～61． Niu C, et al.Detection of low-frequency shadows based on instantaneous spectral analysis[J].Offshore Oil, 2008, 28 (2) : 58～61．
[22] 刘兰锋,等.基于广义S变换的低频瞬时能量谱油气检测技术[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2) :238～241． Liu L F, et al.Hydrocarbon detection using instantaneous energy spectrum of low frequency based on general transform [J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2005, 16(2) :328～241．
[23] 肖高杰,等.谱分解技术在W区河道识别中是应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :568～572． Xiao G J, et al.Application of spectral decomposition method in channel identifying at W area[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23(2) :568～572．
[24] 吕公河,等.叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :161～166． Lü G H, et al.The application of post = stack seismic attribute analysis in the oil-gas exploration and development[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006, 21 (1) :161～166．
[25] 尚永生,等.柴达木盆地第四系气藏烃类检测研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :831～835． Shang Y S, et al.The research of hydrocarbon indication on gas reservoir of Qaidam basin[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007, 22(3) : 831～835．
[26] 胡光书.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001,252～288． Hu G S.Modern SignalProcessing[M].Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2001,252～288．
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