峨眉山地幔柱沉积-构造演化及沉积响应
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摘要
中、晚二叠世上扬子区发生了一次规模巨大的峨眉山地幔柱事件,该事件的火山产物为峨眉山玄武岩。峨眉山地幔柱事件的沉积与构造演化、火山活动过程中的沉积特征及沉积响应等研究表明,峨眉山地幔柱经历了岩浆深部活动、火山穹窿形成、火山喷发及地壳下沉等多个阶段。地幔柱除造成火山喷发外,还引发了很多与之相关的重要事件,如火山穹窿形成、地震、海啸及热液活动等,造成的沉积响应有沉积物同生滑动、热液沉积及风暴沉积等。其中,茅口组疙瘩状团块灰岩及其相关特征是沉积物同生滑动的结果,茅口组—长兴组中的燧石是岩浆分异的热液沉积,茅口组地层中的泥质及其中粗碎屑为风暴沉积。茅口组及吴家坪组杂乱沉积与地震活动有关,或许可以称之为"震积岩"。
In the Middle-Late Permian,a large scale of mantle plume event in Emeishan took place in the Upper-Yangtze region and the volcanic product of the event was Emeishan Basalt.The sedimentary-tectonic evolution of mantle plume in Emeishan,and sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary responses of volcanic activity were studied.Mantle plume in Emeishan is considered to have undergone the stages of deep magmatic activity,volcanic dome,volcanic eruption,crustal subsidence,etc.Mantle plume also caused other correlative important events such as volcanic dome,earthquake,tsunami and hydrothermal activity,and its sedimentary responses included syngenetic deposit sliding,hydrothermal deposit and storm deposit.Therefore,the lump limestones of Maokou Formation and their characteristics are the results of syngenetic deposit sliding,the flints of Maokou Formation-Changxing Formation are hydrothermal deposits of magmatic differentiation,and the mud and megaclast in the Maokou Formation is the result of storm deposit.Disorderly deposits of Maokou Formation and Wujiaping Formation are related to earthquake activities,which may be called seismite.
In the Middle-Late Permian,a large scale of mantle plume event in Emeishan took place in the Upper-Yangtze region and the volcanic product of the event was Emeishan Basalt.The sedimentary-tectonic evolution of mantle plume in Emeishan,and sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary responses of volcanic activity were studied.Mantle plume in Emeishan is considered to have undergone the stages of deep magmatic activity,volcanic dome,volcanic eruption,crustal subsidence,etc.Mantle plume also caused other correlative important events such as volcanic dome,earthquake,tsunami and hydrothermal activity,and its sedimentary responses included syngenetic deposit sliding,hydrothermal deposit and storm deposit.Therefore,the lump limestones of Maokou Formation and their characteristics are the results of syngenetic deposit sliding,the flints of Maokou Formation-Changxing Formation are hydrothermal deposits of magmatic differentiation,and the mud and megaclast in the Maokou Formation is the result of storm deposit.Disorderly deposits of Maokou Formation and Wujiaping Formation are related to earthquake activities,which may be called seismite.
引文
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[17]杨海生,周永章,杨志军,等.湖南二叠系层状硅质岩的地球化学特征[J].矿产与地质,2003,17(5):622-626.
[18]雷卞军,阙洪培,胡宁,等.鄂西古生代硅质岩的地球化学特征及沉积环境[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2002,22(2):70-79.
[2]张招崇,王福生,范蔚茗.峨眉山玄武岩研究中的一些问题的讨论[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2001,20(3):239-246.
[3]徐义刚,何斌,黄小龙,等.地幔柱大辩论及如何验证地幔柱假说[J].地学前缘,2007,14(2):129.
[4]高振敏,张乾,陶琰.峨眉山地幔柱成矿作用分析[J].矿物学报,2004,24(2):99-104.
[5]何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,等.峨眉山大火成岩省的形成机制及空间展布:来自沉积地层学的新证据[J].地质学报,2003,77:194-202.
[6]张云湘,骆耀南,杨崇喜.攀西裂谷[M].北京:地质出版社,1988:466.
[7]徐义刚,钟孙霖.峨眉山大火成岩省:地幔柱熔融条件[J].地球化学,2001,30(1):129.
[8]Chung S L,Jahn B M.Plume-lithosphere interactionin gen-eration of the Emeishan flood basalts at the Permian-Triassicboundary[J].Geology,1995,23(10):889-892.
[9]Courtillot V,Jaupart C,Manighetti I,et al.On causal linksbetweenflood basalts and continental breakup[J].Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,1999,166:177-195.
[10]徐义刚.地幔柱构造、大火成岩省及其地质效应[J].地学前缘,2002,9(4):341-353.
[11]张招崇,王福生,郝艳丽,等.峨眉山大火成岩省中苦橄岩与其共生岩石的地球化学特征及其对源区的约束[J].地质学报,2004,78:71-80.
[12]郝艳丽,张招崇,王福生.峨眉山大火成岩省“高钛玄武岩”和“低钛玄武岩”成因探讨[J].地质评论,2004,50(6):587-592.
[13]张招崇,王福生,郝艳丽,等.峨眉山大火成岩省和西伯利亚大火成岩省地球化学特征的比较及其成因启示[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2005,24:12-20.
[14]史仁灯,郝艳丽,黄启帅.Re-Os同位素对峨眉山大火成岩省成因制约的探讨[J].岩石学报,2008,24(11):2515-2523.
[15]Wignall P B.Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2001,53:1233.
[16]何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,等.峨眉山地幔柱上升的沉积响应及其地质意义[J].地质论评,2006,52(1):30-37.
[17]杨海生,周永章,杨志军,等.湖南二叠系层状硅质岩的地球化学特征[J].矿产与地质,2003,17(5):622-626.
[18]雷卞军,阙洪培,胡宁,等.鄂西古生代硅质岩的地球化学特征及沉积环境[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2002,22(2):70-79.
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