塔中低凸起的构造属性和解释方法
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摘要
塔中低凸起是中奥陶世—晚泥盆世早期塔东南前陆冲断体系的一部分。这个时期塔中地区的断裂以北倾反冲为主,并可能与深部由南向北逆冲的主控断裂交汇,形成向北扩展的楔形构造前锋。塔中低凸起历经多期断裂作用,在不同地层单元内部形成了特有的构造形态,如震旦系—奥陶系构造层内主要发育北西向的挤压断层相关褶皱,志留系—泥盆系构造层内主要发育北东向的负花状构造和拉分地堑,石炭系—二叠系构造层内主要发育由岩浆刺穿或底辟形成的正花状构造和垮塌构造。多期断裂作用也造成了早期构造通常被晚期构造切割与破坏而在地震资料上难以识别的问题,构造解释工作应尽量在纵横比例相等的地震剖面上进行,以直观显示并准确识别这些构造层内部的变形形态,并从资料可信度高的位置入手,由已知到未知,逐步获得资料不好地区的断裂解释方案。
Tazhong low salient is part of the foreland thrusting system in the southeastern Tarim Basin from Middle Ordovician to early Late Devonian.During this geologic period,the faults in Tazhong area were dominated by north-dipping and thrusts,and might intersected the deep north-thrusting major fault,forming a north-propagating wedge structure front.The low salient in Tazhong area experienced multistage tectonic movements,resulting in different structural geometries in different stratigraphic units.For example,NW-trending compressional fault-related folds dominate the Sinian-Ordovician structural layer;NE-trending negative flow structures and pull-apart grabens are predominant in the Silurian-Devonian structural layer;while positive flow structures and collapse structures resulted from magma invasion or diaper are prevalent in the Carboniferous-Permian structural layer. The early structures are commonly destroyed by the later structures duo to multistage faulting,making it difficult to identifying them on seismic section.Therefore,structure interpretation should be based on the seismic profiles with approximate the same vertical and horizontal scales,so as to correctly define the deformation features in these structural layers and extrapolate into areas where seismic data quality is low.
Tazhong low salient is part of the foreland thrusting system in the southeastern Tarim Basin from Middle Ordovician to early Late Devonian.During this geologic period,the faults in Tazhong area were dominated by north-dipping and thrusts,and might intersected the deep north-thrusting major fault,forming a north-propagating wedge structure front.The low salient in Tazhong area experienced multistage tectonic movements,resulting in different structural geometries in different stratigraphic units.For example,NW-trending compressional fault-related folds dominate the Sinian-Ordovician structural layer;NE-trending negative flow structures and pull-apart grabens are predominant in the Silurian-Devonian structural layer;while positive flow structures and collapse structures resulted from magma invasion or diaper are prevalent in the Carboniferous-Permian structural layer. The early structures are commonly destroyed by the later structures duo to multistage faulting,making it difficult to identifying them on seismic section.Therefore,structure interpretation should be based on the seismic profiles with approximate the same vertical and horizontal scales,so as to correctly define the deformation features in these structural layers and extrapolate into areas where seismic data quality is low.
引文
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[10]张小兵,赵锡奎.塔里木盆地塔中构造演化与志留系油气关系[J].天然气勘探与开发,2004,6(2):11-15. Zhang Xiaobing,Zhao Xikui.Relationship between Tazhong tectonic evolution and Silurian hydrocarbon distribution in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration & Development,2004, 27(2):11 -15.
[11]李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,等.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景[J].地质科学, 2008,43(1):82-118. Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong,et al.Fault systems in central area of the Tarim Basin:geometry,kinematics and dynamic settings[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2008,43 (1):82-118.
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[13]宁飞,汤良杰,张钰,等.塔中隆起早古生代反转构造及其石油地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):57- 62. Ning Fei,Tang Liangjie,Zhang Yu,et al.Eopaleozoic inversion structures in the Tazhong Uplift and their significance to petroleum geology[J].Oil & GasGeology,2010,31(l):57-62.
[14]邬光辉,汪海,陈志勇,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩复杂油气藏的特性[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6): 763-769. Wu Guanghui,Wang Hai,Chen Zhiyong,et al.Characteristics of the complex Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(6):763-769.
[15]肖朝晖,王招明,姜仁旗,等.塔里木盆地寒武系碳酸盐岩层序地层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1):1- 10. Xiao Zhaohui,Wang Zhaoming,Jiang Renqi,et al.Sequence stratigraphic features of the Cambrian carbonate rocks in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(1):1 -10.
[16]王祥,张敏,刘玉华.塔里木盆地塔中地区天然气成因及其差异[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(3):335-342. Wang Xiang,Zhang Min,Liu Yuhua.Origins of natural gas in Tazhong area,the Tarim Basin and their differences[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(3):335 -342.
[17]丁道桂,汤良杰.塔里木盆地形成与演化[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1996:182-253. Ding Daogui,Tang Liangjie.Formation and evolution of Tarim Basin[M].Nanjing:Hehai University Press,1996:182 - 253.
[18]康南昌.阿尔金断裂系与塔中构造带的形成与演化[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):48-52. Kang Nanchang.Altun fault system and formation and evolution of Tazhong structural belt[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2002,37(1):48-52.
[19]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J], American Journal of Science,1983,283(7):684 -721.
[20]Suppe J,Medwedeff D.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,1990,83 (3):409-454.
[21]Shaw J H,Hook S C,Suppe J.Structural trend analysis by axial surface mapping[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1994,78(5):700 -721.
[22]Shaw J H,Suppe J.Earthquake hazards of active blind-thrust faults under the central Los Angeles basin,California[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B4):8623 - 8642.
[23]Shaw J H,Bilotte F,Brennan P A.Patterns of imbricate thrusting[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1999, 111(7):1140-1154.
[24]Shaw J H,Connors C,Suppe J.Seismic interpretation of contractional fault-related folds:an AAPG seismic atlas[M]// American Association of Petroleum Geologists Special Publication, 2004;1 -270.
[25]Medwedeff D A,Suppe J.Multibend fault-bend folding[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19(3 -4):279 -292.
[2]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2): 207-221. He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun,et al.Formation mechanism and tectonic types of intracratonic paleo-uplifts in the Tarim basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2): 207-221.
[3]何登发,李德生.塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-171. He Dengfa,Li Desheng.Structural evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing;Geological Publishing House,1996:1 -171.
[4]李明杰,郑孟林,冯朝荣,等.塔中低凸起的结构特征及其演化[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19 (4):43-46. Li Mingjie,Zheng Menglin,Feng Chaorong,et al.Structural characteristics and evolution of Tazhong low uplift[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2004, 19(4);43-46.
[5]张振生,李明杰,刘社平.塔中低凸起的形成和演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):28-31. Zhang Zhensheng,Li Mingjie,Liu Sheping.Generation and evolution of Tazhong low uplift[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):28 -31.
[6]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:1-438. Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi,Yao Huijun,et al.Structural feature and hydrocarbon potential in Tarim Basin,China[M]. Beijing;Petroleum Industry Press,1997:1 -438.
[7]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊1):1-8. Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi.Structural feature and hydrocarbon potential in Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002, 47(S1):1 -8.
[8]邬光辉,李启明,肖中尧,等.塔里木盆地古隆起演化特征及油气勘探[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1): 124-130. Wu Guanghui,Li Qiming,Xiao Zhongyao,et al.The evolution characteristics of paleo-uplifts in Tarim Basin and its exploration directions for oil and gas[J].Geotectonica Et Metallogenia, 2009,33(1):124-130.
[9]吕修祥,胡轩.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起油气聚集与分布[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(4):288-294. Lv Xiuxiang,Hu Xuan.Hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in Tazhong low uplift of Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,1997,18(4):288 -294.
[10]张小兵,赵锡奎.塔里木盆地塔中构造演化与志留系油气关系[J].天然气勘探与开发,2004,6(2):11-15. Zhang Xiaobing,Zhao Xikui.Relationship between Tazhong tectonic evolution and Silurian hydrocarbon distribution in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration & Development,2004, 27(2):11 -15.
[11]李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,等.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景[J].地质科学, 2008,43(1):82-118. Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong,et al.Fault systems in central area of the Tarim Basin:geometry,kinematics and dynamic settings[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2008,43 (1):82-118.
[12]张仲培,王毅,云金表,等.塔中地区断裂不同演化阶段对油气聚集的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(3): 316-323. Zhang Zhongpei,Wang Yi,Yun Jinbiao,et al.Control of faults at different evolution stages on hydrocarbon accumulation in Tazhong area,the Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2009,30(3):316-323.
[13]宁飞,汤良杰,张钰,等.塔中隆起早古生代反转构造及其石油地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):57- 62. Ning Fei,Tang Liangjie,Zhang Yu,et al.Eopaleozoic inversion structures in the Tazhong Uplift and their significance to petroleum geology[J].Oil & GasGeology,2010,31(l):57-62.
[14]邬光辉,汪海,陈志勇,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩复杂油气藏的特性[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6): 763-769. Wu Guanghui,Wang Hai,Chen Zhiyong,et al.Characteristics of the complex Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(6):763-769.
[15]肖朝晖,王招明,姜仁旗,等.塔里木盆地寒武系碳酸盐岩层序地层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1):1- 10. Xiao Zhaohui,Wang Zhaoming,Jiang Renqi,et al.Sequence stratigraphic features of the Cambrian carbonate rocks in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(1):1 -10.
[16]王祥,张敏,刘玉华.塔里木盆地塔中地区天然气成因及其差异[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(3):335-342. Wang Xiang,Zhang Min,Liu Yuhua.Origins of natural gas in Tazhong area,the Tarim Basin and their differences[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(3):335 -342.
[17]丁道桂,汤良杰.塔里木盆地形成与演化[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1996:182-253. Ding Daogui,Tang Liangjie.Formation and evolution of Tarim Basin[M].Nanjing:Hehai University Press,1996:182 - 253.
[18]康南昌.阿尔金断裂系与塔中构造带的形成与演化[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):48-52. Kang Nanchang.Altun fault system and formation and evolution of Tazhong structural belt[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2002,37(1):48-52.
[19]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J], American Journal of Science,1983,283(7):684 -721.
[20]Suppe J,Medwedeff D.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,1990,83 (3):409-454.
[21]Shaw J H,Hook S C,Suppe J.Structural trend analysis by axial surface mapping[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1994,78(5):700 -721.
[22]Shaw J H,Suppe J.Earthquake hazards of active blind-thrust faults under the central Los Angeles basin,California[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B4):8623 - 8642.
[23]Shaw J H,Bilotte F,Brennan P A.Patterns of imbricate thrusting[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1999, 111(7):1140-1154.
[24]Shaw J H,Connors C,Suppe J.Seismic interpretation of contractional fault-related folds:an AAPG seismic atlas[M]// American Association of Petroleum Geologists Special Publication, 2004;1 -270.
[25]Medwedeff D A,Suppe J.Multibend fault-bend folding[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19(3 -4):279 -292.
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