转换波二极化校正及在陆上气云区的应用(英文)
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摘要
转换波技术是解决气云区成像问题的有效手段,而二极化现象则是制约转换波构造成像精度提高的一个重要因素。解决该问题的一个有效办法是二极化校正:将转换波速度分解为基本速度和速度扰动,分两步对转换波地震数据进行叠加速度分析和叠前时间偏移速度分析。柴达木盆地三湖地区天然气资源丰富,气云广泛发育,通过对三湖地区二维三分量地震数据的研究分析,发现该地区转换波二极化现象明显,对转换波的准确成像有较大影响。通过对转换波二极化校正方法的应用,不论是在叠加成像,还是叠前偏移成像都取得了较好的效果,提高了气云区转换波构造成像的精度。二极化校正对解决气云区转换波剩余静校正有重要促进作用,二极化校正与转换波剩余静校正的结合是陆上气云区转换波高精度成像流程中必不可少的环节。
PS converted-waves (C-waves) have been commonly used to image through gas clouds but the C-wave imaging may also be degraded by the diodic effect introduced by the gas cloud.It may be compensated for using a velocity perturbation method which decouples the diodic moveout into two parts:the base velocity and the velocity perturbation.Gas clouds are widely distributed in the Sanhu area in the Qaidam basin of northwest China which is rich in natural gas.A land 2D3C seismic dataset is analyzed from the Sanhu area and significant diodic effects are observed in the data which harm the C-wave imaging.The diodic correction is applied to this data and the resultant C-wave imaging and the details of the reservoir structure are significantly improved.The diodic moveout plays an important role in working out the residual shear wave statics and the association of diodic correction and shear wave residual statics computation is a key step of C-wave high fidelity imaging in the gas cloud area.Finally,the new process workflow with diodic moveout is given.
PS converted-waves (C-waves) have been commonly used to image through gas clouds but the C-wave imaging may also be degraded by the diodic effect introduced by the gas cloud.It may be compensated for using a velocity perturbation method which decouples the diodic moveout into two parts:the base velocity and the velocity perturbation.Gas clouds are widely distributed in the Sanhu area in the Qaidam basin of northwest China which is rich in natural gas.A land 2D3C seismic dataset is analyzed from the Sanhu area and significant diodic effects are observed in the data which harm the C-wave imaging.The diodic correction is applied to this data and the resultant C-wave imaging and the details of the reservoir structure are significantly improved.The diodic moveout plays an important role in working out the residual shear wave statics and the association of diodic correction and shear wave residual statics computation is a key step of C-wave high fidelity imaging in the gas cloud area.Finally,the new process workflow with diodic moveout is given.
引文
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Dai,H. C.,Li,X. Y.,and Conway,P.,2007,Imaging beneath gas clouds using 3D pre-stack Kirchhoff time migration of PS-waves: A case study from North Sea: The Leading Edge,26(4),522 -529.
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Granli,J.,Arnsten,B.,Sollid,A.,and Hilde,E.,1999, Imaging through gas-filled sediments using marine shear wave data: Geophysics,64,668 -677.
Harrison,M. P.,1992,Processing of P-SV surface seismic data: anisotropy analysis,dip moveout and migration: Ph.D. thesis,The University of Calgary,Canada.
Li,X. Y.,Dai,H.,Mueller,M.,and Barkved,O.,2001, Compensating for the effects of gas clouds on C-wave imaging: A Case Study from Valhall: The Leading Edge,20,1022 -1028.
Li,X. Y.,and Yuan,J.,2003,Converted wave and conversion-point equations in layered VTI media: Theory and application: Journal of Applied Geophysics,54,297 -318.
Li,X. Y.,Dai,H.,and Mancini,F.,2007,Converted-wave imaging in anisotropic media: Theory and case studies: Geophysical Prospecting,55,345 -363.
Li,Y.,Sun,P.,and Wei,G.,2009,Using 3-C land seismic data to improve structural imaging in gas chimney area, Oil Geophysical Prospecting,44(4),417 -424.
Nourollah,H.,Keetley,J.,and O'Brien,G.,2010,Gas chimney identification through seismic attribute analysis in the Gippsland Basin,Australia: The Leading Edge,29, 896 -901.
Story,C.,Peng,P.,Heubeck C.,Sullivan C.,and Lin J., 2000,Liuhua 11-1 Field,South China Sea: A shallow carbonate reservoir developed using ultrahigh-resolution 3-D seismic,inversion,and attribute-based reservoir modeling: The Leading Edge,19(8),834 -910.
Tessmer,G.,and Behle,A.,1988,Common-conversion point stacking technique for converted waves: Geophysical Prospecting,36,671 -688.
Thomsen,L.,1999,Converted wave reflection seismology over inhomogeneous,anisotropic media: Geophysics,64,678 -690.
Tian,L.,Xia,Q.,and Liu,C.,2004,The application of multiple component seismic exploration in BoHai Bay,P.R. China: 74th Ann. Internat. Mtg.,Soc. Explor. Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2565 -2568.
Tsvankin,I.,and Thomsen,L.,1994,Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout in anisotropic media. Geophysics 59, 1290 -1304.
Wang,X.,Wang,Y.,and Lu,L.,2008,Application of prestack seismic inversion to predict natural gas in Sanhu area,Qaidam basin: Oil Geophysical Prospecting,43(3), 300 -307.
Wang,Y.,Chen,H.,and Chen,Y.,2009,Application of multiwave seismic in Sanhu area of Qaidam basin,Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,16(2),47 -48.
Cafarelli,B.,Madtson,E.,Krail,P.,Nolte,B.,and Temple,B.,2000,3-D gas cloud imaging of the Donald Field with converted waves: 70th Ann. Internat. Mtg.,Soc. Explor. Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1162 -1165.
Cheret,T.,Bale,R.,and Leaney,S.,2000,Parameterization of polar anisotropic moveout for converted waves: 70th Ann. Internat. Mtg.,Soc. Explor. Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1181 -1184.
Dai,H. C.,and Li,X. Y.,2005,A simplified moveout equation for P-,S-,and converted-waves in multi- layered media: 67th Annual Meeting,EAGE,Extended Abstracts,P061.
Dai,H. C.,Li,X. Y.,and Conway,P.,2007,Imaging beneath gas clouds using 3D pre-stack Kirchhoff time migration of PS-waves: A case study from North Sea: The Leading Edge,26(4),522 -529.
Dai,H. C.,and Li,X. Y.,2007a,Velocity model updating in prestack Kirchhoff time migration for PS converted waves: Part I -Theory: Geophysical Prospecting,55, 525 -547.
Dai,H. C.,and Li,X. Y.,2007b,Velocity model updating in prestack Kirchhoff time migration for PS converted waves: Part II -Application: Geophysical Prospecting,55,549 -559.
Dai,H. C.,and Li,X. Y.,2008,Effect of errors in the migration velocity model of PS-converted waves on traveltime accuracy in prestack Kirchhoff time migration in weak anisotropic media: Geophysics,73(5),195 - 205.
Dai,H. C.,and Li,X. Y.,2010,A practical approach to compensate for diodic effects of PS converted waves: The Leading Edge,29(11),1350 -1353.
Granli,J.,Arnsten,B.,Sollid,A.,and Hilde,E.,1999, Imaging through gas-filled sediments using marine shear wave data: Geophysics,64,668 -677.
Harrison,M. P.,1992,Processing of P-SV surface seismic data: anisotropy analysis,dip moveout and migration: Ph.D. thesis,The University of Calgary,Canada.
Li,X. Y.,Dai,H.,Mueller,M.,and Barkved,O.,2001, Compensating for the effects of gas clouds on C-wave imaging: A Case Study from Valhall: The Leading Edge,20,1022 -1028.
Li,X. Y.,and Yuan,J.,2003,Converted wave and conversion-point equations in layered VTI media: Theory and application: Journal of Applied Geophysics,54,297 -318.
Li,X. Y.,Dai,H.,and Mancini,F.,2007,Converted-wave imaging in anisotropic media: Theory and case studies: Geophysical Prospecting,55,345 -363.
Li,Y.,Sun,P.,and Wei,G.,2009,Using 3-C land seismic data to improve structural imaging in gas chimney area, Oil Geophysical Prospecting,44(4),417 -424.
Nourollah,H.,Keetley,J.,and O'Brien,G.,2010,Gas chimney identification through seismic attribute analysis in the Gippsland Basin,Australia: The Leading Edge,29, 896 -901.
Story,C.,Peng,P.,Heubeck C.,Sullivan C.,and Lin J., 2000,Liuhua 11-1 Field,South China Sea: A shallow carbonate reservoir developed using ultrahigh-resolution 3-D seismic,inversion,and attribute-based reservoir modeling: The Leading Edge,19(8),834 -910.
Tessmer,G.,and Behle,A.,1988,Common-conversion point stacking technique for converted waves: Geophysical Prospecting,36,671 -688.
Thomsen,L.,1999,Converted wave reflection seismology over inhomogeneous,anisotropic media: Geophysics,64,678 -690.
Tian,L.,Xia,Q.,and Liu,C.,2004,The application of multiple component seismic exploration in BoHai Bay,P.R. China: 74th Ann. Internat. Mtg.,Soc. Explor. Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2565 -2568.
Tsvankin,I.,and Thomsen,L.,1994,Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout in anisotropic media. Geophysics 59, 1290 -1304.
Wang,X.,Wang,Y.,and Lu,L.,2008,Application of prestack seismic inversion to predict natural gas in Sanhu area,Qaidam basin: Oil Geophysical Prospecting,43(3), 300 -307.
Wang,Y.,Chen,H.,and Chen,Y.,2009,Application of multiwave seismic in Sanhu area of Qaidam basin,Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,16(2),47 -48.
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