山西断陷带地壳结构的接收函数研究
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摘要
利用2006年8月到2008年3月北京大学在山西断陷带南部架设的两条东西向流动观测地震台阵记录的远震资料,提取各台站接收函数,然后进行倾斜叠加(Slant stack)和台阵偏移成像,获得了沿台阵横穿山西断陷带的地壳和上地幔的精细结构变化.研究结果显示,山西断陷带下面莫霍面存在明显不连续,莫霍面上隆约4～6 km,纵横波速比从两侧的1.75上升为山西断陷带内部2.0左右,且中、下地壳可能存在一个低速层.山西断陷带的构造模式沿相距140 km的两条剖面表现出明显差异:南端的临汾盆地为拉张作用下的纯剪切模式,向北转化为太原盆地的简单剪切模式.
Shanxi Rift, which separates the stable Ordos Block and extensional North China Basin, is thought to have resulted from the differential extrusion of Tibean Plateau between the North and South China blocks.During August 2006 to March 2008, Peking University deployed two linear arrays (140 km apart) of 45 portable broadband seismometers across the southern part of Shanxi Rift.Slant-stacking and migration images of receiver functions reveal an uplift about 4～6 km of the Moho and an increase of the V_P/V_S ratio from about 1.75 beneath Ordos Block and Taihang uplift to 2.0 under the rift.A low velocity layer may exist in the crust beneath the rift.We conclude that Shanxi Rift has accommodated much of the difference in stress field and tectonic activity between Ordos and North China Basin.We also observe a transition in the basin formation mechanism from a pure-shear model at Linfen Basin in the south to a simple-shear model at Taiyuan Basin.
Shanxi Rift, which separates the stable Ordos Block and extensional North China Basin, is thought to have resulted from the differential extrusion of Tibean Plateau between the North and South China blocks.During August 2006 to March 2008, Peking University deployed two linear arrays (140 km apart) of 45 portable broadband seismometers across the southern part of Shanxi Rift.Slant-stacking and migration images of receiver functions reveal an uplift about 4～6 km of the Moho and an increase of the V_P/V_S ratio from about 1.75 beneath Ordos Block and Taihang uplift to 2.0 under the rift.A low velocity layer may exist in the crust beneath the rift.We conclude that Shanxi Rift has accommodated much of the difference in stress field and tectonic activity between Ordos and North China Basin.We also observe a transition in the basin formation mechanism from a pure-shear model at Linfen Basin in the south to a simple-shear model at Taiyuan Basin.
引文
[1] Zhang Y Q,Ma Y S,Yang N.Cenozoic extensional stress evolution in North China.J.Geodyn.,2003,36(5) :591～613
[2] Zhang Y Q,Mercier J L,Vergely P.Extension in the graben systems around the Ordos(China),and its contribution to the extrusion tectonics of south China with respect to Gobi-Mongolia.Tectonophysics,1998,285(1-2) :41～75
[3] 沈正康,万永革,甘卫军等.华北地区700年来地壳应力场演化与地震的关系研究.中国地震,2004,20(3) :211～228 Shen Z K,Wan Y G,Gan W J,et al.Crustal stress evolution of the last 700 years in North China and earthquake occurrence.Earthquake Res.China(in Chinese),2004,20 (3) :211～228
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[5] 邱瑞照,邓晋福,周肃等.华北地区岩石圈类型:地质与地球物理证据.中国科学D辑地球科学2004,34(8) :698～711 Qiu R Z,Deng J F,Zhou S,et al.Lithosphere types in North China:Evidence from geology and geophysics.Sci.China Ser.D(inChinese),2004,34(8) :698～711
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[7] Tapponnier P,Molnar P.Active Faulting and Tectonics in China.J.Geophys.Res.,1977,82(20) :2905～2930
[8] 田宝峰,李 娟,王卫民等.华北太行山区地壳各向异性的接收函数证据.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1459～1467 Tian B F,Li J,Wang W M,et al.Crust anisotropy of Taihangshan mountain range in north China inferred from receiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.,(in Chinese),2008,51(5) :1459～1467
[9] 何建坤.太行山地壳厚度转变带动力学不稳定与前缘盆地构造挤压的关系.地球物理学报,2003,46(4) :495～502 He J K.Mechanical instability of the Tanhang Mountains crust transition zone and its relation to the tectonic compression in its frontal cenozioc basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(4) :495～502
[10] Xu X W,Ma X Y.Geodynamics of the Shanxi Rift systerm,China.Tectonophysics,1992,208(1-3) :325～340
[11] HeJ K,Cai D S,Li Y X.Active extension of the Shanxi rift,north China:does it result from anticlockwise block rotations? Terra Nova,2004,16(1) :38～42
[12] He J,Liu M,Li Y.Is the Shanxi rift of northern China extending? Geophys.Res.Lett.,2003,30(23) :SDE 7-1～SDE 7-4
[13] 赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.山西五台山地区地壳深部结构特征研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(1) :123～129 Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.Features of deep crustal structure beneath the Wutai mountain area of Shanxi province.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1) :123～129
[14] Shen Z K,Zhao C K,Yin A,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation in east Asia constrained by Global Positioning System measurements.J.Geophy.Res.-Solid Earth,2000,105(B3) :5721～5734
[15] Zheng T Y,Zhao L,Zhu R X,New evidence from seismic imaging for subduction during assembly of the North China craton.Geology,2009,37(5) :395～398
[16] Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T Y,et al.Reactivation of an Archean craton:Constraints from P and S-wave tomography in North China.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2009,36,L17306,doi:10． 1029/2009GL039781
[17] Chen L,Cheng C,Wei Z G,Seismic evidence for significant lateral variations in lithospheric thickness beneath the central and western North China Craton.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2009,286(1-2) :171～183
[18] Zheng T Y,Zhao L,Zhu R X.Insight into the geodynamics of cratonic reactivation from seismic analysis of the crustmantle boundary.Geophy.Res.Lett.,2008:L08303(6 pp.)
[19] 国家地震局鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系课题组.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社,1988． 20～38 The Research Group on Active Fault System aroud Ordos Massif,SSB.Active Fault System around Ordos Massif(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1988． 20～38
[20] Ligorria J P,Ammon C J.Iterative deconvolution and receiver-function estimation.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1999,89(5) :1395～1400
[21] Zhu L P,Kanamori H.Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions.J.Geophys.Res.-Solid Earth,2000,105(B2) :2969～2980
[22] 马宗晋主编.山西临汾地震研究与系统减灾.北京:地震出版社,1993 Ma Z J.Research on Earthquake and Systematic Haard Reducing in Linfen City,Shanxi Province,(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1993
[23] Dellinger J A,Gray S H,Murphy G E,et al.Efficient 2． 5 D true-amplitude migration.Geophysics,2000,65(3) :943～950
[24] 邓晋福,魏文博,邱瑞照等.中国华北地区岩石圈三维结构及演化.北京:地质出版社,2007 Deng J F,Wei W B,Qiu R Z,et al.The three-dimensional structure of lithosphere and its evolution in north China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007
[25] Tang Y C,Chen Y S,Zhou S Y,et al.Crustal and mantle structure across the Weihe graben,North China:Implications for extrusional tectonics driven by the Indo-Asian collision.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2010,submitted
[26] Hu S,He L,Wang J.Heat flow in the continental area of China:a new data set.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2000,179(2) :407～419
[27] 吴乾蕃,谢毅真,祖金华等.华北地热场研究.中国地震,1988,4(1) :41～48 Wu Q,Xie Y,Zu J,et al.A study on the Geothermal Field in North China.Earthquake Res.China(in Chinese),1988,4(1) :41～48
[28] 刘建华,刘福田,阎晓蔚等.华北地区Lg尾波衰减研究--Lg尾波Q_0地震成像.地球物理学报,2004,47(6) :1044～1052 Liu J H,Liu F T,Yan X W,et al.A study of Lg coda attenuation beneath North China:Seismic imaging of Lg coda Q(0) .Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chiese),2004,47(6) :1044～1052
[29] 王素云,裴顺平,Thomas Hearn等.利用ML振幅研究地壳横波Q值Ⅱ:Q横向变化特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(1) :133～139 Wang S Y,Pei S P,Hearn T M,et al.Crustal S-wave Q estimated from M L amplitude Ⅱ:Q lateral variation in China.ChineseJ.Geophy.(in Chinese),2008,51(1) :133～139
[30] Chang X,Liu Y,He J,et al.Lower Velocities beneath the Taihang Mountains,Northeastern China.Bull.Seismol.Soci.America,2007,97(4) :1364～1369
[31] 魏文博,叶高峰,金胜等.华北地区东部岩石圈导电性结构研究--减薄的华北岩石圈特点.地学前缘,2008,15(4) :204～216 Wei W,Ye G,Jin S,et al.Geoelectric structure of lithosphere beneath eastern North China:features of a thinned lithosphere from magnetotelluric soundings.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2008,15(4) :204～216
[32] Ye H,Zhang B T,Mao F Y.The Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Great North China 2 Types of Rifting and Crustal Necking in the Great North China and Their Tectonic Implications.Tectonophysics,1987． 133(3-4) :217～227
[2] Zhang Y Q,Mercier J L,Vergely P.Extension in the graben systems around the Ordos(China),and its contribution to the extrusion tectonics of south China with respect to Gobi-Mongolia.Tectonophysics,1998,285(1-2) :41～75
[3] 沈正康,万永革,甘卫军等.华北地区700年来地壳应力场演化与地震的关系研究.中国地震,2004,20(3) :211～228 Shen Z K,Wan Y G,Gan W J,et al.Crustal stress evolution of the last 700 years in North China and earthquake occurrence.Earthquake Res.China(in Chinese),2004,20 (3) :211～228
[4] 张培震,邓起东,张国民等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2003,S1:12～20 Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M.Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the continent of China.Sci.China Ser.D(in Chinese),2003,(增 1) :12～20
[5] 邱瑞照,邓晋福,周肃等.华北地区岩石圈类型:地质与地球物理证据.中国科学D辑地球科学2004,34(8) :698～711 Qiu R Z,Deng J F,Zhou S,et al.Lithosphere types in North China:Evidence from geology and geophysics.Sci.China Ser.D(inChinese),2004,34(8) :698～711
[6] 邓晋福,苏尚国,赵海玲等.华北地区燕山期岩石圈减薄的深部过程.地学前缘,2003,10(3) :41～50 Deng J F,Su S G,Zhao H L,et al.Deep processes of Mesozoic Yanshanian lithosphere thinning in North China.EarthSci.Front.(CUGS)(in Chinese),2003,10(3) :41～50
[7] Tapponnier P,Molnar P.Active Faulting and Tectonics in China.J.Geophys.Res.,1977,82(20) :2905～2930
[8] 田宝峰,李 娟,王卫民等.华北太行山区地壳各向异性的接收函数证据.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1459～1467 Tian B F,Li J,Wang W M,et al.Crust anisotropy of Taihangshan mountain range in north China inferred from receiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.,(in Chinese),2008,51(5) :1459～1467
[9] 何建坤.太行山地壳厚度转变带动力学不稳定与前缘盆地构造挤压的关系.地球物理学报,2003,46(4) :495～502 He J K.Mechanical instability of the Tanhang Mountains crust transition zone and its relation to the tectonic compression in its frontal cenozioc basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(4) :495～502
[10] Xu X W,Ma X Y.Geodynamics of the Shanxi Rift systerm,China.Tectonophysics,1992,208(1-3) :325～340
[11] HeJ K,Cai D S,Li Y X.Active extension of the Shanxi rift,north China:does it result from anticlockwise block rotations? Terra Nova,2004,16(1) :38～42
[12] He J,Liu M,Li Y.Is the Shanxi rift of northern China extending? Geophys.Res.Lett.,2003,30(23) :SDE 7-1～SDE 7-4
[13] 赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.山西五台山地区地壳深部结构特征研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(1) :123～129 Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.Features of deep crustal structure beneath the Wutai mountain area of Shanxi province.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1) :123～129
[14] Shen Z K,Zhao C K,Yin A,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation in east Asia constrained by Global Positioning System measurements.J.Geophy.Res.-Solid Earth,2000,105(B3) :5721～5734
[15] Zheng T Y,Zhao L,Zhu R X,New evidence from seismic imaging for subduction during assembly of the North China craton.Geology,2009,37(5) :395～398
[16] Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T Y,et al.Reactivation of an Archean craton:Constraints from P and S-wave tomography in North China.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2009,36,L17306,doi:10． 1029/2009GL039781
[17] Chen L,Cheng C,Wei Z G,Seismic evidence for significant lateral variations in lithospheric thickness beneath the central and western North China Craton.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2009,286(1-2) :171～183
[18] Zheng T Y,Zhao L,Zhu R X.Insight into the geodynamics of cratonic reactivation from seismic analysis of the crustmantle boundary.Geophy.Res.Lett.,2008:L08303(6 pp.)
[19] 国家地震局鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系课题组.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社,1988． 20～38 The Research Group on Active Fault System aroud Ordos Massif,SSB.Active Fault System around Ordos Massif(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1988． 20～38
[20] Ligorria J P,Ammon C J.Iterative deconvolution and receiver-function estimation.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1999,89(5) :1395～1400
[21] Zhu L P,Kanamori H.Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions.J.Geophys.Res.-Solid Earth,2000,105(B2) :2969～2980
[22] 马宗晋主编.山西临汾地震研究与系统减灾.北京:地震出版社,1993 Ma Z J.Research on Earthquake and Systematic Haard Reducing in Linfen City,Shanxi Province,(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1993
[23] Dellinger J A,Gray S H,Murphy G E,et al.Efficient 2． 5 D true-amplitude migration.Geophysics,2000,65(3) :943～950
[24] 邓晋福,魏文博,邱瑞照等.中国华北地区岩石圈三维结构及演化.北京:地质出版社,2007 Deng J F,Wei W B,Qiu R Z,et al.The three-dimensional structure of lithosphere and its evolution in north China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007
[25] Tang Y C,Chen Y S,Zhou S Y,et al.Crustal and mantle structure across the Weihe graben,North China:Implications for extrusional tectonics driven by the Indo-Asian collision.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2010,submitted
[26] Hu S,He L,Wang J.Heat flow in the continental area of China:a new data set.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2000,179(2) :407～419
[27] 吴乾蕃,谢毅真,祖金华等.华北地热场研究.中国地震,1988,4(1) :41～48 Wu Q,Xie Y,Zu J,et al.A study on the Geothermal Field in North China.Earthquake Res.China(in Chinese),1988,4(1) :41～48
[28] 刘建华,刘福田,阎晓蔚等.华北地区Lg尾波衰减研究--Lg尾波Q_0地震成像.地球物理学报,2004,47(6) :1044～1052 Liu J H,Liu F T,Yan X W,et al.A study of Lg coda attenuation beneath North China:Seismic imaging of Lg coda Q(0) .Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chiese),2004,47(6) :1044～1052
[29] 王素云,裴顺平,Thomas Hearn等.利用ML振幅研究地壳横波Q值Ⅱ:Q横向变化特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(1) :133～139 Wang S Y,Pei S P,Hearn T M,et al.Crustal S-wave Q estimated from M L amplitude Ⅱ:Q lateral variation in China.ChineseJ.Geophy.(in Chinese),2008,51(1) :133～139
[30] Chang X,Liu Y,He J,et al.Lower Velocities beneath the Taihang Mountains,Northeastern China.Bull.Seismol.Soci.America,2007,97(4) :1364～1369
[31] 魏文博,叶高峰,金胜等.华北地区东部岩石圈导电性结构研究--减薄的华北岩石圈特点.地学前缘,2008,15(4) :204～216 Wei W,Ye G,Jin S,et al.Geoelectric structure of lithosphere beneath eastern North China:features of a thinned lithosphere from magnetotelluric soundings.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2008,15(4) :204～216
[32] Ye H,Zhang B T,Mao F Y.The Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Great North China 2 Types of Rifting and Crustal Necking in the Great North China and Their Tectonic Implications.Tectonophysics,1987． 133(3-4) :217～227
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