波动方程叠前偏移在碳酸盐岩成像中的应用研究
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摘要
叠前偏移是解决强横向变速情况下复杂构造成像的一种有效手段,在碳酸盐岩成像处理研究中,利用波动方程叠前偏移较叠后偏移能获得分辨率高、保幅性好的偏移成果,孔洞能得到很好的刻画,串珠聚焦程度好,归位更加合理,能真实反映地下的构造形态,提高碳酸盐岩岩溶地形的地震预测成功率。对时间偏移和深度偏移在理论方法、适用性和处理剖面效果方面进行了分析对比,在地下构造复杂或横向速度变化较大时,叠前深度偏移能获得更好的效果。速度建模是影响叠前偏移成像技术的核心问题之一,获得准确的层速度是叠前深度偏移成功的关键。
Prestack migration has been an effectively method in some areas with complicated structure and dramatic lateral variation in velocity.In comparison with the wave equation pre-stack migration method to post migration method,the pre-stack migration method in seismic imagery processing of fracture-cave in carbonate rock has ability to obtain high resolution and amplitude-preserved migration results,finely portray the fracture-cave,and highly draw a string of beads.The migration results can reflect real structure underground and enhance the success rate of seismic prediction in carbonate karst area.We compare the pre-stack time migration method with the pre-stack depth migration method in theory,applicability and processing seismic section,and find out that the pre-stack depth migration method can obtain the profitable result in some areas with complicated structure and dramatic lateral variation in velocity.Velocity modeling is an important technique in wave equation pre-stack depth migration,so an accurate interval velocity is a key for wave equation pre-stack depth migration.
Prestack migration has been an effectively method in some areas with complicated structure and dramatic lateral variation in velocity.In comparison with the wave equation pre-stack migration method to post migration method,the pre-stack migration method in seismic imagery processing of fracture-cave in carbonate rock has ability to obtain high resolution and amplitude-preserved migration results,finely portray the fracture-cave,and highly draw a string of beads.The migration results can reflect real structure underground and enhance the success rate of seismic prediction in carbonate karst area.We compare the pre-stack time migration method with the pre-stack depth migration method in theory,applicability and processing seismic section,and find out that the pre-stack depth migration method can obtain the profitable result in some areas with complicated structure and dramatic lateral variation in velocity.Velocity modeling is an important technique in wave equation pre-stack depth migration,so an accurate interval velocity is a key for wave equation pre-stack depth migration.
引文
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[6]Ma Shufang,Li Zhenchun.Review of wave equation prestack depthmigration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(3):153-160.[马淑芳,李振春.波动方程叠前深度偏移方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(3):153-160.]
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[8]Zhang Tieqiang,Wang Zhenghe.The application of pre-stackdepth migration on complicated Structures’imaging[J].Com-puting Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Explora-tion,2007,29(4):281-284.[张铁强,王正和.叠前深度偏移在复杂构造模型成像中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(4):281-284.]
[2]Su Qin,He Zhenhua,Tian Yancan,et al.Piedmont with a com-plex structure in the pre-stack depth migration imaging methodand its application[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(4):571-575.[苏勤,贺振华,田彦灿,等.山前带复杂构造成像中叠前深度偏移方法研究及应用[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):571-575.]
[3]Wang Xishuang,Liang Qi,Xu Ling,et al.Application and pro-gress of prestack depth migration technology[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2007,42(6):727-732.[王喜双,梁奇,徐凌,等.叠前深度偏移技术应用与进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):727-732.]
[4]He Ying,Wang Huazhong,Ma Zaitian,et al.Wave equationprestack depth imaging in complex terrain conditions[J].Pe-troleum Geophysical Exploration,2002,25(3):13-19.[何英,王华忠,马在田,等.复杂地形条件下波动方程叠前深度成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,25(3):13-19.]
[5]Zhang Jianwei,Lu Lieqin,Qiang Fangqing,et al.Contiguoustwo-dimensional pre-stack depth migration processing and im-age modeling techniques[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(3):203-206.[张建伟,鲁烈琴,强芳青,等.二维叠前深度偏移连片处理及成像建模技术[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):203-206.]
[6]Ma Shufang,Li Zhenchun.Review of wave equation prestack depthmigration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(3):153-160.[马淑芳,李振春.波动方程叠前深度偏移方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(3):153-160.]
[7]Ma Zaitian.Seismic Migration Imaging[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1989.[马在田.地震偏移成像[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.]
[8]Zhang Tieqiang,Wang Zhenghe.The application of pre-stackdepth migration on complicated Structures’imaging[J].Com-puting Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Explora-tion,2007,29(4):281-284.[张铁强,王正和.叠前深度偏移在复杂构造模型成像中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(4):281-284.]
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