方位—角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像
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摘要
针对目前广泛使用的Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移,本文提出一种适用于各向同性介质和VTI介质的方位—角度域成像方法。其算法核心在于合理地估计地震射线的双程走时、平均方位角和局部入射角,再基于脉冲响应叠加原理获得三维空间的成像数据体和五维空间的方位—角度域共成像点道集。它的优势主要在于能获得高质量的三维角度域共成像点道集,且便于利用侧向散射能量改善对三维断层、倾斜界面和裂缝等特殊地质体的描述,是宽方位三维地震资料的高精度成像、属性分析和储层描述的有效方法。二维各向同性介质和SEG/HessVTI模型合成数据试验揭示了文中所述几种角度域成像算法的精度差异。三维断层模型合成数据成像结果表明,本文方法可合理描述反射时差、振幅随方位角和入射角的变化。
Regarding the widely used Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration,a new azimuth-angle domain imaging method which fits both isotropic media and VTI media was proposed in this paper. The key of the algorism includes reasonable estimation of the two-way time for the seismic ray,average azimuth and local incidence angle,and then based on impulse response stacking principle the imaged 3D data volume and 5D azimuth-angle domain common imaging point gather were acquired. The algorithm's main advantages lies in its ability to obtain high quality common imaging point gather in 3D angle domain,and to utilize sidewise scattering energy in improving the description for 3D faults,slant interface,fractures and other special geological bodies. The new algorithm could provide excellent solution for more and more high resolution imaging projects,attribute analysis projects and reservoir characterization projects in wide azimuth 3D seismic data. The synthetic data test for SEG/Hess VTI model in 2D Isotropic Media revealed the accuracy difference for the several angle domain imaging algorithms which were described in this paper. The synthetic data imaging results for 3D fault model show that the algorithm presented in this paper could reasonably describe the reflection time difference and the amplitude variations with the azimuth and the incidence angle.
Regarding the widely used Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration,a new azimuth-angle domain imaging method which fits both isotropic media and VTI media was proposed in this paper. The key of the algorism includes reasonable estimation of the two-way time for the seismic ray,average azimuth and local incidence angle,and then based on impulse response stacking principle the imaged 3D data volume and 5D azimuth-angle domain common imaging point gather were acquired. The algorithm's main advantages lies in its ability to obtain high quality common imaging point gather in 3D angle domain,and to utilize sidewise scattering energy in improving the description for 3D faults,slant interface,fractures and other special geological bodies. The new algorithm could provide excellent solution for more and more high resolution imaging projects,attribute analysis projects and reservoir characterization projects in wide azimuth 3D seismic data. The synthetic data test for SEG/Hess VTI model in 2D Isotropic Media revealed the accuracy difference for the several angle domain imaging algorithms which were described in this paper. The synthetic data imaging results for 3D fault model show that the algorithm presented in this paper could reasonably describe the reflection time difference and the amplitude variations with the azimuth and the incidence angle.
引文
[1]Aki K and Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology,Secondedition.University Science Books,2002
[2]Taner M T and Koehler F.Velocity spectra-digital computer derivation and applications of velocity func-tions.Geophysics,1969,34:859～881
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[9]Ursin B and Stovas A.Travelti me approxi mations for a layered transversely isotropic medium.Geo-physics,2006,71(2):D23～D33
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[14]Brandsberg-Dahl S,de Hoop M V and Ursin B.Ve-locity analysis in the common scattering-angle/azi-muth domain.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1715～1718
[15]Xu S,Chauris Het al.Common angle migration:A strategy for i maging complex media.Geophysics,2001,66(6):1877～1894
[16]Xie XBand Wu RS.Extracting angle domaininforma-tion from migrated wavefield.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,21:1360～1363
[17]Sava P C and Fomel S.Angle domain common-i mage gathers by wavefield continuation methods.Geo-physics,2003,68:1065～1074
[18]Koren Z,Ravve I,Ragoza Eet al.Full-azi muth angle domain i maging.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:2221～2224
[19]Perez Gand Marfurt KJ.Newazi muthal binning for i mproved delineation of faults and fractures.Geo-physics,2008,73(1):S7～S15
[20]Roy B P D,Baumel A Rand Durrani J.Analytic cor-rection for wavelet stretch due to i maging.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:234～237
[21]Perez Gand Marfurt KJ.I mprovinglateral and verti-cal resolution of seismic i mages by correcting for wavelet stretch in common angle migration.Geo-physics,2007,72(6):C95～C104
[22]凌云.地震数据采集、处理、解释一体化———实践与探索.北京:石油工业出版社,2007
[23]田玥,陈晓非.水平层状介质中的快速两点间射线追踪方法.地震学报,2005,27(2):147～154
[24]程玖兵,王楠,马在田.表驱三维角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):792～800
[25]Claerbout J F.Imagingthe Earth's Interior.Black-well,1985
[26]Walden A T.Making AVOsections more robust.Ge-ophysical Prospecting,1991,39(7):915～942
[27]Cohen J and Stockwell J J W.Cwp-su:Seismic Unix Release30.Center of Wave Phenomena,Colorado School of Mines,1997
[2]Taner M T and Koehler F.Velocity spectra-digital computer derivation and applications of velocity func-tions.Geophysics,1969,34:859～881
[3]Dix C H.Seismic velocities from surface measure-ments.Geophysics,1955,20:68～86
[4]Al-Chalabi M.An analysis of stacking,RMS,average,andinterval velocities over a horizontallylayered ground.Geophysical Prospecting,1974,22(3):458～475
[5]Causse E.Seismic travelti me approxi mations with high accuracy at all offsets.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2002,21:2325～2328
[6]Castle R J.Theory of normal moveout.Geophysics,1994,59:983～999
[7]Tsvankin I and Thomsen L.Non-hyperbolic reflection moveout in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1994,59:1290～1304
[8]Alkhalifah T and Tsvankin I.Velocity analysis for transversely isotropic media.Geophysics,1995,60:1550～1566
[9]Ursin B and Stovas A.Travelti me approxi mations for a layered transversely isotropic medium.Geo-physics,2006,71(2):D23～D33
[10]Siliqi R and Bousquie N.Anelliptic ti me processing based on a shifted hyperbola approach.SEG Techni-cal Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:2245～2248
[11]Fowler P J.Practical VTI approxi mations:a system-atic anatomy.Journal of Seismic Exploration,2003,2:23～40
[12]Fomel S.On anelliptic approxi mations for qP veloci-ties in VTI media.Geophysical Prospecting,2004,52:247～259
[13]Zheng Y.Seismic Azi muthal Anisotropy and Frac-ture Analysis from PP Reflection Data[Ph D The-sis].University of Calgary,2006
[14]Brandsberg-Dahl S,de Hoop M V and Ursin B.Ve-locity analysis in the common scattering-angle/azi-muth domain.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1715～1718
[15]Xu S,Chauris Het al.Common angle migration:A strategy for i maging complex media.Geophysics,2001,66(6):1877～1894
[16]Xie XBand Wu RS.Extracting angle domaininforma-tion from migrated wavefield.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,21:1360～1363
[17]Sava P C and Fomel S.Angle domain common-i mage gathers by wavefield continuation methods.Geo-physics,2003,68:1065～1074
[18]Koren Z,Ravve I,Ragoza Eet al.Full-azi muth angle domain i maging.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:2221～2224
[19]Perez Gand Marfurt KJ.Newazi muthal binning for i mproved delineation of faults and fractures.Geo-physics,2008,73(1):S7～S15
[20]Roy B P D,Baumel A Rand Durrani J.Analytic cor-rection for wavelet stretch due to i maging.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:234～237
[21]Perez Gand Marfurt KJ.I mprovinglateral and verti-cal resolution of seismic i mages by correcting for wavelet stretch in common angle migration.Geo-physics,2007,72(6):C95～C104
[22]凌云.地震数据采集、处理、解释一体化———实践与探索.北京:石油工业出版社,2007
[23]田玥,陈晓非.水平层状介质中的快速两点间射线追踪方法.地震学报,2005,27(2):147～154
[24]程玖兵,王楠,马在田.表驱三维角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):792～800
[25]Claerbout J F.Imagingthe Earth's Interior.Black-well,1985
[26]Walden A T.Making AVOsections more robust.Ge-ophysical Prospecting,1991,39(7):915～942
[27]Cohen J and Stockwell J J W.Cwp-su:Seismic Unix Release30.Center of Wave Phenomena,Colorado School of Mines,1997
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