柴达木盆地西南区震积岩的发现及其引发的勘探启迪
|
摘要
随着勘探和开发的需要,岩性油气藏成为柴达木盆地西南区石油勘探的一个重要领域,然而由于受多期的构造叠加改造,致使柴达木盆地西南区岩性油气藏分布规律不清,勘探接替领域不明确。笔者通过研究发现,由于受盆缘及其北西向二级断裂的影响,盆地西南区地震活动强烈,深、浅层均发现一系列与地震有关的震积岩,可见阶梯状小断层、液化砂岩脉、振动液化卷曲变形构造、砂火山、火焰状构造、假结核、震积砂枕、震积砂球构造、串珠状构造及震褶层等原地震积岩的软沉积物变形特征,另外可见地震引起的重力滑塌或泥石流形成的滑塌构造和角砾岩化变形特征,诸如震裂岩、震塌岩、自碎屑角砾岩、液化角砾岩、内碎屑副角砾岩等异地震积岩。事实上这些震积岩能够极大地改善储集层渗透性,使渗透率大幅度增加,为油气勘探和开发提供了新的视角和领域。更为重要的启迪是形成震积岩的古地震具有重要的触发机制,很容易引起三角洲前缘相的岩性发生滑塌,进而形成滑塌扇、浊积等一系列沉积现象,这种储集体将成为油田储量增长的新亮点,本着这种思想,笔者通过叠前地震多属性的预测及先进的叠前AVO反演预测,在柴达木盆地西南区跃东斜坡带发现这种滑塌体的存在,并建立了相应的沉积模式图。这样将可能突破以往该区"环凹找油"的勘探思路,明确提出了古凹陷区仍然是柴达木盆地西南区寻找岩性油气藏的一个主要领域。
With the increasing need for exploration and development,lithologic reservoir has become an important domain for oil and gas exploration in the southwestern Qaidam Basin.However,due to multiphase tectonic overprinting activities,the distribution of lithologic reservoir in the southwestern Qaidam Basin is indistinct and the next exploration area is indefinite.Our study found that seismic activities were very intensive in this area due to the influence of basin edge and northwestern second order faults.Seismites related to earthquake were found in deep and shallow beds.Lots of deformation structures were found,such as small step faults,liquid sandstone dikes,vibrating liquid curling structures,sand volcanos,flame structures,pseudoconcretions,seismite sand pillows,seismite sand ball structures,pinch and swell structures,etc.Some rock types were also observed,such as folding seismites,cracked seismites,autoclastic breccias,intraclastic subbreccias.In fact,these smites can greatly increase and improve the permeability of reservoir,and provide a new perspective for oil and gas exploration and development.More importantly,the paleoearthquake responsible for the formation of seismites is an important triggering mechanism easily initiates landslide at the delta front,causing a series of sediment phenomena,such as slump fans and turbidities.This kind of reservoir will become a new growth point of reserves.With this thought,by seismic pre-stack multi-attribute prediction and advanced pre-stack AVO inversion prediction,slip blocks were found in the Yuedong ramp region in the southwestern Qaidam Basin and deposition model was built correspondingly.This might make a breakthrough at previous exploration ideas of "search for oil around sags" in this area.This study suggests that paleosag is still an important exploration domain for lithologic reservoirs in this region.
With the increasing need for exploration and development,lithologic reservoir has become an important domain for oil and gas exploration in the southwestern Qaidam Basin.However,due to multiphase tectonic overprinting activities,the distribution of lithologic reservoir in the southwestern Qaidam Basin is indistinct and the next exploration area is indefinite.Our study found that seismic activities were very intensive in this area due to the influence of basin edge and northwestern second order faults.Seismites related to earthquake were found in deep and shallow beds.Lots of deformation structures were found,such as small step faults,liquid sandstone dikes,vibrating liquid curling structures,sand volcanos,flame structures,pseudoconcretions,seismite sand pillows,seismite sand ball structures,pinch and swell structures,etc.Some rock types were also observed,such as folding seismites,cracked seismites,autoclastic breccias,intraclastic subbreccias.In fact,these smites can greatly increase and improve the permeability of reservoir,and provide a new perspective for oil and gas exploration and development.More importantly,the paleoearthquake responsible for the formation of seismites is an important triggering mechanism easily initiates landslide at the delta front,causing a series of sediment phenomena,such as slump fans and turbidities.This kind of reservoir will become a new growth point of reserves.With this thought,by seismic pre-stack multi-attribute prediction and advanced pre-stack AVO inversion prediction,slip blocks were found in the Yuedong ramp region in the southwestern Qaidam Basin and deposition model was built correspondingly.This might make a breakthrough at previous exploration ideas of "search for oil around sags" in this area.This study suggests that paleosag is still an important exploration domain for lithologic reservoirs in this region.
引文
陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.2003.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及其意义.地质科学,38(3):378～384.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩.地球科学进展,15(4):389～394.
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.2001.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义.中国科学(D辑),31(4):284～290.
杜远生,SHI G,龚一鸣,等.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造.地质学报,81(4):511～518.
段吉业,刘鹏举,万传彪.2002.华北燕山中一新元古代震积岩系列及其地震节律.地质学报,76(4):441～445.
郭建华,王方平,刘贵,等.1999.湘西大庸上震旦统灯影组震裂角砾岩.石油实验地质,21(3):21～224.
姜涛,解习农.2003.细粒浊积体的油气地质意义.地质科技情报,22(2):51～55.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1):16～34.
乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.1997.华北地台震旦纪—早古生代地震节律.地学前缘,4(3～4):155～160.
乔秀夫,高林志.1999.华北中新元古代及早中生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系.科学通报,44(16):1753～1758.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.2001.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义.中国科学(D辑),31(11):911～918.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列.科学通报,38(8):609～611.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,9(3):l～27.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究.地质论评,49(2):123～131.
王化爱,钟建华,陈鑫,高玉飞.2008.蒙古塔木察格坳陷白垩系震积岩特征及其地质意义.地质学报,82(8):1088～1094.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,朱井泉.2007.塔里木盆地志留系震积岩特征及其意义.地质学报,81(6):827～832.
夏青松,田景春.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组震积岩的发现及地质意义.沉积学报,25(2):246～252.
严兆彬,郭福生,彭花明,杨志,郭国林.2005.浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的初步研究.地质学报,79(6):730～734.
杨剑萍,聂玲玲,张琳璞,等.2008.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近系古地震纪录及储集性能研究.地质学报,82(6):805～810.
杨萍,杜远生,徐亚军.2006.黄骅坳陷古近纪地震事件沉积研究.地质学报,80(11):1711～1715.
殷秀兰,杨天南.2005.胶州—莱阳盆地白垩纪莱阳群中的震积岩及其构造意义讨论.地质论评,51(5):503～506.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义.沉积学报,22(1):41～46.
张琴,朱筱敏,张建军,等.2003.酒西盆地青南凹陷柳沟庄窟窿山地区下白垩统震积岩的发现及意义.地质学报,77(2):158～162.
Mohindra R,Bagati T N.1996.Seismically induced soft sedi mentdeformation structures(seismites)around Sumdo in the LowerSpittivalley(Tethys Hi malaya).Sedi mentary Geology,101(1～2):69～83.
Plaziat J C,Ahmamou M.1998.Mechanic processes active inseismites:their identification and tectonic significance in thePliecene basin of the Sais of Fes and Meknes(Morocco).Geodynamic Acta,11(4):183～203.
Rodriguze-Pascua M A,et al.2000.Soft-sedi ment deformationstructures interpreted as seismitesinlacustrine sedi ments of theprebetic zone,SE Spain.and their potential use as indicators ofearthquake magnitudes during the late Miocene.Sedi mentaryGeology,135:117～135.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded beds interpreted as seismites.Sedi mentoy,13(1/2):155～159.
Seilaeher A.1984.Sedi mentary structures tentatively attributed toseismic events.Marine Geology,55(1/2):1～12.
Shiki T,Cita M B,Gorsline D S.2000.Sedi mentary features ofseismite,seismo-turbidites and tsunamitites—an introduction.Sedi mentary Geology,135(1～4):7～9.
Spallctta C,Vai G B.1984.Upper Devonian intraclast parabrecciasinterpreted as seismites.Mar Geo1,55(1～2):133～144.
Vanneste K,Meshraoui M,Camelbeeck T.1999.Late Quatenaryearthquake-related soft sedi ment deformation along the Belgianportion of the Feldbiss Fault,Lower Rhine Graben system.Tectonophysics,309(1～4):57～79.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩.地球科学进展,15(4):389～394.
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.2001.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义.中国科学(D辑),31(4):284～290.
杜远生,SHI G,龚一鸣,等.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造.地质学报,81(4):511～518.
段吉业,刘鹏举,万传彪.2002.华北燕山中一新元古代震积岩系列及其地震节律.地质学报,76(4):441～445.
郭建华,王方平,刘贵,等.1999.湘西大庸上震旦统灯影组震裂角砾岩.石油实验地质,21(3):21～224.
姜涛,解习农.2003.细粒浊积体的油气地质意义.地质科技情报,22(2):51～55.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1):16～34.
乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.1997.华北地台震旦纪—早古生代地震节律.地学前缘,4(3～4):155～160.
乔秀夫,高林志.1999.华北中新元古代及早中生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系.科学通报,44(16):1753～1758.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.2001.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义.中国科学(D辑),31(11):911～918.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列.科学通报,38(8):609～611.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,9(3):l～27.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究.地质论评,49(2):123～131.
王化爱,钟建华,陈鑫,高玉飞.2008.蒙古塔木察格坳陷白垩系震积岩特征及其地质意义.地质学报,82(8):1088～1094.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,朱井泉.2007.塔里木盆地志留系震积岩特征及其意义.地质学报,81(6):827～832.
夏青松,田景春.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组震积岩的发现及地质意义.沉积学报,25(2):246～252.
严兆彬,郭福生,彭花明,杨志,郭国林.2005.浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的初步研究.地质学报,79(6):730～734.
杨剑萍,聂玲玲,张琳璞,等.2008.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近系古地震纪录及储集性能研究.地质学报,82(6):805～810.
杨萍,杜远生,徐亚军.2006.黄骅坳陷古近纪地震事件沉积研究.地质学报,80(11):1711～1715.
殷秀兰,杨天南.2005.胶州—莱阳盆地白垩纪莱阳群中的震积岩及其构造意义讨论.地质论评,51(5):503～506.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义.沉积学报,22(1):41～46.
张琴,朱筱敏,张建军,等.2003.酒西盆地青南凹陷柳沟庄窟窿山地区下白垩统震积岩的发现及意义.地质学报,77(2):158～162.
Mohindra R,Bagati T N.1996.Seismically induced soft sedi mentdeformation structures(seismites)around Sumdo in the LowerSpittivalley(Tethys Hi malaya).Sedi mentary Geology,101(1～2):69～83.
Plaziat J C,Ahmamou M.1998.Mechanic processes active inseismites:their identification and tectonic significance in thePliecene basin of the Sais of Fes and Meknes(Morocco).Geodynamic Acta,11(4):183～203.
Rodriguze-Pascua M A,et al.2000.Soft-sedi ment deformationstructures interpreted as seismitesinlacustrine sedi ments of theprebetic zone,SE Spain.and their potential use as indicators ofearthquake magnitudes during the late Miocene.Sedi mentaryGeology,135:117～135.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded beds interpreted as seismites.Sedi mentoy,13(1/2):155～159.
Seilaeher A.1984.Sedi mentary structures tentatively attributed toseismic events.Marine Geology,55(1/2):1～12.
Shiki T,Cita M B,Gorsline D S.2000.Sedi mentary features ofseismite,seismo-turbidites and tsunamitites—an introduction.Sedi mentary Geology,135(1～4):7～9.
Spallctta C,Vai G B.1984.Upper Devonian intraclast parabrecciasinterpreted as seismites.Mar Geo1,55(1～2):133～144.
Vanneste K,Meshraoui M,Camelbeeck T.1999.Late Quatenaryearthquake-related soft sedi ment deformation along the Belgianportion of the Feldbiss Fault,Lower Rhine Graben system.Tectonophysics,309(1～4):57～79.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心