三维方位各向异性介质数值模拟及波场分析
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摘要
采用交错网格技术将速度-应力方程中的速度对时间的导数转化为应力对空间的导数,将弹性波动方程表示为与二阶双曲方程等价的一阶应力-速度公式,以实现三维三分量地震波场模拟。对获得的波场快照、VSP记录图像和地面记录图像进行波场分析,发现在波场图像中存在明显的拟P波、拟快横波和慢横波,还出现了横波分裂、横波分裂盲区及波面三分叉等地震波在方位各向异性介质传播时产生的特殊现象。研究结果表明,用交错网格三维模拟方法研究方位各向异性介质对方位各向异性介质中地震波传播反演能起到很强的辅助作用。
Used the staggered grid techniques to translate the velocity derivative with respect to time into stress derivative of spatial in velocity-stress equation,and expressed the elastic wave equation in first-order velocity-stress equation equial to second-order hyperbolic equation,the simulation for the three dimensional tricomponent of seismic wave field is achieved.The analysis of wave field snapshoot,VSP image recording and ground image recording indicates that the obvious quasi-P,quasi-SV and quasi-SH,and even some particular phenomena produced in azimuthal anisotropic medium propagating of earthquake wave such as shear-wave splitting,shear-wave splitting dead zone and wave-front three bifurcation exist in wave field image.The results show that three dimensional simulation of staggered grid technique is an important complement for study of the inversion of azimuthal of anisotropic medium to earthquake wave propagation in azimuthal anisotropic medium.
Used the staggered grid techniques to translate the velocity derivative with respect to time into stress derivative of spatial in velocity-stress equation,and expressed the elastic wave equation in first-order velocity-stress equation equial to second-order hyperbolic equation,the simulation for the three dimensional tricomponent of seismic wave field is achieved.The analysis of wave field snapshoot,VSP image recording and ground image recording indicates that the obvious quasi-P,quasi-SV and quasi-SH,and even some particular phenomena produced in azimuthal anisotropic medium propagating of earthquake wave such as shear-wave splitting,shear-wave splitting dead zone and wave-front three bifurcation exist in wave field image.The results show that three dimensional simulation of staggered grid technique is an important complement for study of the inversion of azimuthal of anisotropic medium to earthquake wave propagation in azimuthal anisotropic medium.
引文
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[14]徐天吉,李显贵.运用Hartley变换模拟地震波在正交各向异性介质中的传播[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(4):301-304.XUTian-ji,LI Xian-gui.Using Hartley transform analogseismic waves in orthotropic media transmission[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,2003,28(4):301-304.
[15]张中杰,腾吉文.三维各向异性介质中内界面上地震波的传播[J].科学通报,1995,46(14):1992-1997.ZHANG Zhong-jie,TENG Ji-wen.Seismic wave propo-gation on inner interface in 3-D anisotropic media[J].Science Bulletin,1995,46(14):1992-1997.
[16]刘财,李红星,陶春辉.基于BISQ模型的各向同性孔隙介质弹性波三维交错网格高阶有限差分数值模拟[J].世界地质,2007,26(4):501-508.LIUCai,LI Hong-xing,TAO Chun-hui.Based on BISQmodel three-dimensional elastic waves in isotropic porousmedia staggered-grid high-order finite-difference numeri-cal simulation[J].Global Geology,2007,26(4):501-508.
[17]徐凯军,李桐林.时域瞬变场电磁场有限差分法[J].世界地质,2004,23(03):301-305.XU Kai-jun,LI Tong-lin.Time-domain transient elec-tromagnetic field finite difference method[J].GlobalGeology,2004,23(3):301-305.
[18]邵治龙,贺振华,黄德济.正交各向异性介质中地震记录的有限差分数值模拟[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,10(4):135-141.SHAO Zhi-long,HE Zhen-hua,HUANG De-ji.Ortho-tropic medium seismic records of the finite-difference nu-merical simulation[J].Computing Techniques for Geo-physical and Geochemical Exploration,2001,26(4):135-141.
[19]牛滨华,孙春岩.半空间介质与地震波传播[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:213,214.NIU Bin-hua,SUN Chun-yan.Half-space medium andseismic wave propagation[M].Beijing:Petroleum In-dustry Press,2002:213,214.
[20]Grahek Z,Eskinja I,Carcione S,et al.Separation ofstrontium from calcium by means of anion exchanger andalcoholic solution of nitric acid[M].Holland:KluwerAcademic Publishers,2002:789-794.
[21]Cerjan D,Igel H,Mora P,et al.Anisotropic wavepropagation through finite difference grids[J].Geo-physics,1995,60(4):1203-1216.
[22]董良国,马在田,曹景忠,等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.DONG Liang-guo,MAZai-tian,CAO Jing-zhong,et al.A staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-or-der elastic wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2000,43(3):411-419.
[2]Crampin S.Anisotropy in exploration seismics[J].FirstBreak,1984,2(4):19-21.
[3]Crampin S,Bush I,Taylor D B.Estimating the internalstructure of reservoirs with shear-wave VSP[J].TheLeading Edge,1986,5(11):35-39.
[4]Poisson N,Crampin S,Zatsepin S V.Production seis-mology:the use of shear waves to monitor and model pro-duction in a poro-reactive and interactive reservoir[C]//65th SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1995:199-202.
[5]Kraut Z,Hudson J A,Liu E,et al.The mechanicalproperties of materials with interconnected cracks andpores[J].Geophy J Int,1996,128:105-112.
[6]Liu Y,Bruggeman S,Abercrombie R E.Shear wave ani-sotropy from borehole recordings at 2.5 km depth and thestress field at Cajon Pass[J].Geophy J Int,1997,129:439-449.
[7]Hess M,Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geo-physics,1986,51(10):1954-1996.
[8]Thomsen L,Crampin K.Elastic anisotropy due to alignedcracks in porous rock[J].Geophys Prosp,1995,43:805-829.
[9]Dablain N,Virieux S.Staggered grid the speed-thespeed of the stress equation of time derivative in porousrock[J].Geophys Prosp,1986,34:180-229.
[10]Carcinoe J M,Kosloff D,Behle A,et al.A spectralscheme for wave propagation simulation in 3-D elasticanisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):1593-1607.
[11]Igel H,Mora P,Riollet B.Anisotropic wave propaga-tion through finite difference grids[J].Geophysics,1995,60(4):1203-1216.
[12]Ramos,Ortega A,Riollet B.Three-dimensional simula-tion with the staggered grid method of azimuthal anisotro-py medium on the position of seismic wave propagationthrough finite difference grids[J].Geophysics,1995,60(3):1143-1144.
[13]傅旦丹,何樵登.正交各向异性介质地震弹性波场的伪谱法正演模拟[J].石油物探,2001,40(3):10-14.FU Dan-dan,HE Qiao-deng.Elastic wavefield forwardmodeling with pseudo-spectral method in orthorhombicanisotropy media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-trole,2001,40(3):10-14.
[14]徐天吉,李显贵.运用Hartley变换模拟地震波在正交各向异性介质中的传播[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(4):301-304.XUTian-ji,LI Xian-gui.Using Hartley transform analogseismic waves in orthotropic media transmission[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,2003,28(4):301-304.
[15]张中杰,腾吉文.三维各向异性介质中内界面上地震波的传播[J].科学通报,1995,46(14):1992-1997.ZHANG Zhong-jie,TENG Ji-wen.Seismic wave propo-gation on inner interface in 3-D anisotropic media[J].Science Bulletin,1995,46(14):1992-1997.
[16]刘财,李红星,陶春辉.基于BISQ模型的各向同性孔隙介质弹性波三维交错网格高阶有限差分数值模拟[J].世界地质,2007,26(4):501-508.LIUCai,LI Hong-xing,TAO Chun-hui.Based on BISQmodel three-dimensional elastic waves in isotropic porousmedia staggered-grid high-order finite-difference numeri-cal simulation[J].Global Geology,2007,26(4):501-508.
[17]徐凯军,李桐林.时域瞬变场电磁场有限差分法[J].世界地质,2004,23(03):301-305.XU Kai-jun,LI Tong-lin.Time-domain transient elec-tromagnetic field finite difference method[J].GlobalGeology,2004,23(3):301-305.
[18]邵治龙,贺振华,黄德济.正交各向异性介质中地震记录的有限差分数值模拟[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,10(4):135-141.SHAO Zhi-long,HE Zhen-hua,HUANG De-ji.Ortho-tropic medium seismic records of the finite-difference nu-merical simulation[J].Computing Techniques for Geo-physical and Geochemical Exploration,2001,26(4):135-141.
[19]牛滨华,孙春岩.半空间介质与地震波传播[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:213,214.NIU Bin-hua,SUN Chun-yan.Half-space medium andseismic wave propagation[M].Beijing:Petroleum In-dustry Press,2002:213,214.
[20]Grahek Z,Eskinja I,Carcione S,et al.Separation ofstrontium from calcium by means of anion exchanger andalcoholic solution of nitric acid[M].Holland:KluwerAcademic Publishers,2002:789-794.
[21]Cerjan D,Igel H,Mora P,et al.Anisotropic wavepropagation through finite difference grids[J].Geo-physics,1995,60(4):1203-1216.
[22]董良国,马在田,曹景忠,等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.DONG Liang-guo,MAZai-tian,CAO Jing-zhong,et al.A staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-or-der elastic wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2000,43(3):411-419.
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