浙江杭州地区孝丰—三门湾断裂晚第四纪活动性研究
摘要
北西走向的孝丰—三门湾断裂是浙北地区一条重要的断裂。该断裂第四纪以来表现为左旋走滑,并水平断错了北东走向的萧山—球川断裂和东西走向的昌化—普陀断裂。这三条断裂交汇于杭州地区并造成了钱塘江的拐弯。在孝丰—三门湾断裂与北东走向断裂的交汇处曾有多次地震发生。通过在孝丰—三门湾断裂(杭州段)上布设的4个探槽,发现该断裂附近存在一系列近于东西走向及北东走向的晚更新世活动断裂。这些断层活动可能是由孝丰—三门湾主干断裂的活动引起的,并调节着孝丰—三门湾主干断裂的活动,减弱断裂附近应力,降低区域地震危害性。采用了光释光(OSL)测年方法来限定断层活动时代,并采用孢粉测年对OSL年龄进行验证。依据OSL年龄,探槽所揭露的断层活动均发生距今1.65万年之前,存在两次断层活动,分别发生于1.65~1.97万年和4.2~5.12万年。孝丰—三门湾断裂在晚更新世有所活动的认识对于杭州地区乃至整个浙北地区未来的地震危险性评价具有重要的意义。
The NW-SE trending Xiaofeng-Sanmen fault(XSF)is a major fault in Hangzhou region.The XSF is of left-lateral strike-slip character since late Quaternary and dislocated the NE trending Xiaoshan-Qiuchuan fault(XQF)and the EW trending Changhua-Putuo fault(CPF).These three faults meet together in Hangzhou region and make the Qiantang River turn around. Along the XSF,there are several earthquakes(M≤5)took place at the intersection area with the NE trending fault.Because of strong weathering,the geomorphological traces related to faults are hardly to be found and measured.Based on the observation of outcrops and geophysical exploration,four trenches were excavated on XSF in Hangzhou Region.These trenches exposed that the EW and NE trending faults were active along the XSF.These fault movements might be triggered by the activities of XSF which made the pre-existing fracture active in the Late Quaternary.The fault movements reduced the stress along the XSF and depressedthe seismic risk for the Hangzhou region.Optically stimulated luminesence(OSL)samples of sediments were collected trying to get timing of the fault movements.The OSL ages are validated by sporopollen analysis.According to the OSL ages,the timing of fault movements could be grouped into two periods:(16.5~19.7)ka BP and(42.0~51.2)ka BP.The fault activities of XSF during the Late Quaternary are very important for regional seismic risk assessment.
The NW-SE trending Xiaofeng-Sanmen fault(XSF)is a major fault in Hangzhou region.The XSF is of left-lateral strike-slip character since late Quaternary and dislocated the NE trending Xiaoshan-Qiuchuan fault(XQF)and the EW trending Changhua-Putuo fault(CPF).These three faults meet together in Hangzhou region and make the Qiantang River turn around. Along the XSF,there are several earthquakes(M≤5)took place at the intersection area with the NE trending fault.Because of strong weathering,the geomorphological traces related to faults are hardly to be found and measured.Based on the observation of outcrops and geophysical exploration,four trenches were excavated on XSF in Hangzhou Region.These trenches exposed that the EW and NE trending faults were active along the XSF.These fault movements might be triggered by the activities of XSF which made the pre-existing fracture active in the Late Quaternary.The fault movements reduced the stress along the XSF and depressedthe seismic risk for the Hangzhou region.Optically stimulated luminesence(OSL)samples of sediments were collected trying to get timing of the fault movements.The OSL ages are validated by sporopollen analysis.According to the OSL ages,the timing of fault movements could be grouped into two periods:(16.5~19.7)ka BP and(42.0~51.2)ka BP.The fault activities of XSF during the Late Quaternary are very important for regional seismic risk assessment.
引文
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Wang Yitian and Li jiliang.1999.Fault-related tectonics of the strike-slip faulting[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,18(3):30-34.(in Chinese)
Yao Lixun,Yu Xuejun,Zhang Shiyin,et al.1999.Shengzhou Ms4.0Earthquake(Aug17,1998)and its precursory features[J].Earthquake,19(4):365-371.(in Chinese with abstract)
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Yeats R S.1996.Introduction to special section:paleoseismology[J].J.Geophys.Res.,101(B3):5847~5853.
Zhan g Jiafu and Zhou Liping.2007.Luminescence dating of sediments[J].Nuclear Techniques,30(11):934-939.(in Chinese with abstract)
Zhang Peizhen,Min Wei,Deng Qidong,et al.2003.Paleoearthquake and strong earthquake recurrence of Haiyuan active fault zone[J].Science in China(Series D),33(8):705-713.(in Chinese)
Zhang Wei,Chen Hanlin,Li Qimin,et al.2007.Application of high resolution remote sensing technique to exploration of active fault of Hangzhou and its surroundings[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,35(3):10-14.(in Chinese with abstract)
Zhao Hua,Lu Yanchou,Wang Chengmin,et al.2007.Optical dating of Holocene water-laid sediments recorded hydrological environmental changes in the Oasis of Shulehe River alluvial fan in Gansu Province[J].Nuclear Techniques,30(11):893-898.(in Chinese with abstract)
Zhong Yuyun and Yao Lixun.2000.Numerical simulation of strain field in north Zhejiang and its adjacent area and prediction for seismic hazard zone[J].Journal of Seismology,20(3):9-17.(in Chinese with abstract)
邓起东,张培震.2000.史前古地震的逆断层崩积楔[J].科学通报,45(6):650-655.
丁伯阳,叶建青,孟凡丽,等.2003.杭州市周边构造和断层及其对建、构筑物的影响[J].浙江工业大学学报,31(3):319-323.
丁国瑜,李永善.1979.我国地震活动与地壳现代破裂网络[J].地质学报,1:22-34.
火恩杰,刘昌森,章振铨,等.2004.上海市隐伏断裂及其活动性研究[M].北京:地震出版社.
火恩杰,章振铨,刘昌森,等.2003.长江口海域新生代地层与断裂活动性初探[J].中国地震,19(3):206-216.
李祥根.2003.中国新构造运动概论[M].北京:地震出版社.
毛凤英,张培震.1995.古地震研究的逐次限定法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究[M]//国家地震局地质研究所.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,153-164.
冉勇康,邓起东.1999.古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势[J].科学通报,44(1):12-20.
王昌盛,陈杰,张克旗.2005.西南天山明尧勒背斜河流阶地沉积物的光释光测年[J].地震地质,27(4):586-598.
王建华,周洋,郑卓,等.2006.杭州湾晚第四纪沉积与古环境演变[J].古地理学报,8(4):551-558.
王旭龙,卢演俦,李晓妮.2005.细颗粒石英光释光测年:简单多片再生法[J].地震地质,27(4):615-623.
王义天,李继亮.1999.走滑断层作用的相关构造[J].地质科技情报,18(3):30-34.
姚立珣,虞雪君,张士印,等.1999.1998年嵊州4.0级地震及其前兆特征[J].地震,19(4):365-371.
叶建青.2001.城市活断层研究与浙江省的城市化建设[J].上海地质,(4):31-33.
张家富,周力平.2007.释光技术在构造事件定年中的应用[J].核技术,30(11):934-939.
张培震,闵伟,邓起东,等.2003.海原活动断裂带的古地震与强震复发规律[J].中国科学(D辑),33(8):705-713.
张微,陈汉林,李启敏,等.2007.高分辨遥感在杭州活断层探测中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,35(3):10-14.
赵华,卢演俦,王成敏,等.2007.疏勒河冲积扇绿洲全新世古水文演化释光年代学[J].核技术,30(11):893-898.
钟羽云,姚立珣.2000.浙北及邻近地区应力场数值模拟与地震危险区预测[J].地震学刊,20(3):9-17.
Deng Qidong and Zhang Peizhen.2000.Colluvial wedges associated with pre-historical reverse faulting paleoearthquakes[J].Chinese Science Bulletion,45(6):650-655.(in Chinese)
Ding Boyang,Ye Jianqing,Meng Fanli,et al.2003.The tectonics around Hangzhou and the fault,s influence on construction[J].Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,31(3):319-323.(in Chinese with abstract)
Ding Guoyu and Li Yongshan.1979.Seismicity and the recent fracturing pattern of the earth crust in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,53(1):22-34.(in Chinese)
Huo E njie,Liu Changsen,Zhang Zhenquan,et al.2004.Study on thFault and Its Activity in Shanghai Region[M].Beijing:SeismologicaPress.(in Chinese)
Huo E njie,Zhang Zhenquan,Liu Changsen,et al.2003.Preliminary study on Cenozoic group and fault activity in the sea area near the Yangtze River Mouth[J].Earthquake Research in China,19(3):206-216.(in Chinese with abstract)
Li Xi anggen.2003.Neotectonics in China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press.(in Chinese)
Lu Ya nchou,Wang X L,and Wintle A G.2007.A new OSL chronology for dust accumulation in the last130,000yr for the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Quaternary Research,67(1):152-160.
Mao Fengying and Zhang Peizhen.1995.Progressive Constraining Method in Paleoseismic Study and Paleoearthquakes along the Major Active Faults in Northern Xinjiang[M]//Institute of Geology,SSB.Research on Active Faults(4).Beijing:Seismological Press,153-164.(in Chinese)
Ran Yongkang and Deng Qidong.1999.History,status and trend about the research of paleoseismology[J].Chinese Science Bulletion,44(1):12-20.(in Chinese)
Sylve ster A G.1988.Strike-slip faults[J].Centennial Articles.Geological Society of America Bulletin,100:206-242.
Wang Changsheng,Chen Jie and Zhang Keqi.2005.Optically stimulated luminescence dating of fluvial deposits from the Mingyaole anticline in the southwestern Tian Shan[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):586-598.(in Chinese with abstract)
Wang Jianhua,Zhou Yang,Zheng Zhuo,et al.2006.Late Quaternary sediments and paleoenvironmental evolution in Hangzhou Bay[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,8(4):551-558.(in Chinese with abstract
Wang Xulong,Lu Yanchou and Li Xiaoni.2005.Luminescence dating offine-grained quartz in Chinese loess—simplified multiple aliquotregenerative-dose(MAR)protocol[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):615-623.(in Chinese with abstract)
Wang Yitian and Li jiliang.1999.Fault-related tectonics of the strike-slip faulting[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,18(3):30-34.(in Chinese)
Yao Lixun,Yu Xuejun,Zhang Shiyin,et al.1999.Shengzhou Ms4.0Earthquake(Aug17,1998)and its precursory features[J].Earthquake,19(4):365-371.(in Chinese with abstract)
Ye Ji anqing.2001.Urban active faults and city building of Zhejiang Province[J].Shanghai Geology,(4):31-33.(in Chinese)
Yeats R S.1996.Introduction to special section:paleoseismology[J].J.Geophys.Res.,101(B3):5847~5853.
Zhan g Jiafu and Zhou Liping.2007.Luminescence dating of sediments[J].Nuclear Techniques,30(11):934-939.(in Chinese with abstract)
Zhang Peizhen,Min Wei,Deng Qidong,et al.2003.Paleoearthquake and strong earthquake recurrence of Haiyuan active fault zone[J].Science in China(Series D),33(8):705-713.(in Chinese)
Zhang Wei,Chen Hanlin,Li Qimin,et al.2007.Application of high resolution remote sensing technique to exploration of active fault of Hangzhou and its surroundings[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,35(3):10-14.(in Chinese with abstract)
Zhao Hua,Lu Yanchou,Wang Chengmin,et al.2007.Optical dating of Holocene water-laid sediments recorded hydrological environmental changes in the Oasis of Shulehe River alluvial fan in Gansu Province[J].Nuclear Techniques,30(11):893-898.(in Chinese with abstract)
Zhong Yuyun and Yao Lixun.2000.Numerical simulation of strain field in north Zhejiang and its adjacent area and prediction for seismic hazard zone[J].Journal of Seismology,20(3):9-17.(in Chinese with abstract)
邓起东,张培震.2000.史前古地震的逆断层崩积楔[J].科学通报,45(6):650-655.
丁伯阳,叶建青,孟凡丽,等.2003.杭州市周边构造和断层及其对建、构筑物的影响[J].浙江工业大学学报,31(3):319-323.
丁国瑜,李永善.1979.我国地震活动与地壳现代破裂网络[J].地质学报,1:22-34.
火恩杰,刘昌森,章振铨,等.2004.上海市隐伏断裂及其活动性研究[M].北京:地震出版社.
火恩杰,章振铨,刘昌森,等.2003.长江口海域新生代地层与断裂活动性初探[J].中国地震,19(3):206-216.
李祥根.2003.中国新构造运动概论[M].北京:地震出版社.
毛凤英,张培震.1995.古地震研究的逐次限定法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究[M]//国家地震局地质研究所.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,153-164.
冉勇康,邓起东.1999.古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势[J].科学通报,44(1):12-20.
王昌盛,陈杰,张克旗.2005.西南天山明尧勒背斜河流阶地沉积物的光释光测年[J].地震地质,27(4):586-598.
王建华,周洋,郑卓,等.2006.杭州湾晚第四纪沉积与古环境演变[J].古地理学报,8(4):551-558.
王旭龙,卢演俦,李晓妮.2005.细颗粒石英光释光测年:简单多片再生法[J].地震地质,27(4):615-623.
王义天,李继亮.1999.走滑断层作用的相关构造[J].地质科技情报,18(3):30-34.
姚立珣,虞雪君,张士印,等.1999.1998年嵊州4.0级地震及其前兆特征[J].地震,19(4):365-371.
叶建青.2001.城市活断层研究与浙江省的城市化建设[J].上海地质,(4):31-33.
张家富,周力平.2007.释光技术在构造事件定年中的应用[J].核技术,30(11):934-939.
张培震,闵伟,邓起东,等.2003.海原活动断裂带的古地震与强震复发规律[J].中国科学(D辑),33(8):705-713.
张微,陈汉林,李启敏,等.2007.高分辨遥感在杭州活断层探测中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,35(3):10-14.
赵华,卢演俦,王成敏,等.2007.疏勒河冲积扇绿洲全新世古水文演化释光年代学[J].核技术,30(11):893-898.
钟羽云,姚立珣.2000.浙北及邻近地区应力场数值模拟与地震危险区预测[J].地震学刊,20(3):9-17.
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